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625 lines

January 15, 2024

This article is about the analog standard-definition resolution. For the equivalent digital SD resolution, see 576i.

625-line (or CCIR 625/50) is a late 1940s European analog standard-definition television resolution standard.[1][2] It consists of a 625-line raster, with 576 lines carrying the visible image at 25 interlaced frames per second. It was eventually adopted by countries using 50 Hz utility frequency as regular TV broadcasts resumed after World War II.[3] With the introduction of color television in the 1960s,[4] it became associated with the PAL and SECAM analog color systems.

Analog TV standard by nation; countries using 625-line are in blue.

A similar 525-line system was adopted by countries using 60 Hz utility frequency (like the US). Other systems, like 375-line, 405-line, 441-line, 455-line and 819-line existed, but became outdated or had limited adoption.

The modern standard-definition digital video resolution 576i is equivalent and can be used to digitize an analogue 625-line TV signal, or to generate a 625-line compatible analog signal.[5]

History edit

At the CCIR Stockholm Conference in July 1948 a first 625-line system with a 8 MHz channel bandwidth was proposed by the Soviet Union, based on 1946-48 studies[3] by Mark Iosifovich Krivosheev.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] This was initially known as the I.B.T.O. 625-line system.

At a CCIR Geneva meeting in July 1950, Dr. Gerber (a Swiss engineer), proposed a modified 625-line system using a 7 MHz channel bandwidth - informally known as the "Gerber Standard". The system was based on work by Telefunken and Walter Bruch, and was supported by Belgium, Denmark, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland.[3]

At a CCIR Geneva meeting in May 1951, the existing VHF broadcast standards were standardized.[3] The older 405-line system was designated CCIR System A, the Gerber Standard was designated System B, the Belgian variant System C and the I.B.T.O. standard System D.

In the 1960s, with the introduction of UHF broadcasts, new 625-line standards were adopted, again with slightly different broadcast parameters, leading to the creation of Systems G, H, I, K and L.

Analog broadcast 625-line television standards edit

The following International Telecommunication Union standards use 625-lines:

World analog 625-line television systems[14]
ITU System Letter Designation Previous designation Band Introduced Channel bandwidth

(MHz)

Video bandwidth (MHz) Vision sound carrier separation (MHz) Vestigial sideband (MHz) Vision modulation

(+, -)

Sound modulation

(AM, FM)

Frequency of chrominance subcarrier (MHz) Vision/sound power ratio Usual color Assumed display device gamma[15][14]
B[16][17][18][19] (Gerber Standard)[16][17][18][19] VHF 1950 7 5 +5.5 0.75 - FM 4.43 PAL/SECAM 2.8
C[20][21][22] (Belgian 625-line system) [20][21][22] VHF 1953 7 5 +5.5 0.75 + AM none none 2.0
D[23][22][24][25] (I.B.T.O. 625-line system)[23][22][24][25] VHF 1948 8 6 +6.5 0.75 - FM 4.43 SECAM/PAL 2.8
G[26] UHF 1961 8 5 +5.5 0.75 - FM 4.43 5:1 PAL/SECAM 2.8
H[26] UHF 1961 8 5 +5.5 1.25 - FM 4.43 5:1 PAL 2.8
I[27] UHF 1962 8 5.5 +5.9996 1.25 - FM 4.43 5:1 PAL 2.8
K[23][28] UHF 1961 8 6 +6.5 0.75 - FM 4.43 5:1 SECAM/PAL 2.8
K1 UHF 1964 8 6 +6.5 1.25 - FM 4.43 SECAM 2.8
L[29][22] UHF 1970s 8 6 -6.5 1.25 + AM 4.43 8:1 SECAM 2.8
N[30][31] VHF/UHF 1951 6 4.2 +4.5 0.75 - FM 3.58 PAL 2.8

Analog color 625-line television systems edit

The following analog television color systems were used in conjunction with the previous standards (identified by a letter after the colour system indication):

  • PAL analog color television system (ex: PAL-B, PAL-D, etc.)
  • SECAM analog color television system (ex: SECAM-D, SECAM-L, etc.)

Digital video edit

625-lines is sometimes mentioned when digitizing analog video, or when outputting digital video in a standard-definition analog compatible format.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Observer, Reflective (December 23, 2021). "Where did 625-line TV come from?".
  2. ^ "Televisionen - Das FERNSEHEN in der UdSSR  / TV in the USSR Die Geschichte des Fernsehens in Russland". www.scheida.at.
  3. ^ a b c d "Piet's Home-built Television". Maximus R&D.
  4. ^ "Television broadcasting 1960-70: BBC 625-line services and the introduction of COLOUR" (PDF).
  5. ^ "What means 576i?". Afterdawn.com.
  6. ^ ""M.I. Krivosheev: participation in the development of mass TV broadcasting" - an exhibition at Ostankino TV Center". eng.rscc.ru.
  7. ^ "Mark Iosifovich Krivosheev (1922-2018)". ITU.
  8. ^ On the beginning of broadcast in 625-lines 60 year s ago, 625 magazine (in Russian). 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ (PDF). EBU Technical Review. Spring 1993. pp. 27–28. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2004-12-30.
  10. ^ (PDF). cra.ir. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-02-21.
  11. ^ Observer, Reflective (2021-12-23). "Where did 625-line TV come from?". Medium. Retrieved 2021-12-31.
  12. ^ "625-Line Television System Origins - UK Vintage Radio Repair and Restoration Discussion Forum". www.vintage-radio.net. Retrieved 2021-12-31.
  13. ^ "Leader Electronics Corporation". Leader Electronics Corporation.
  14. ^ a b Suzuki, N.; Fukinuki, T.; Kageyama, M.; Ishikura, K.; Yoshigi, H. (January 1, 1994). "Multiplexing scheme of helper signals on bars in EDTV-II": 32–36. doi:10.1049/cp:19940723 – via digital-library.theiet.org. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  15. ^ "C.C.I.R. Report 624-4 Characteristics of television systems, 1990" (PDF).
  16. ^ a b "625-Line Television Broadcast Standards - UK Vintage Radio Repair and Restoration Discussion Forum". www.vintage-radio.net.
  17. ^ a b "405 Alive - FAQ - 405-Line Television in History". www.bvws.org.uk.
  18. ^ a b "The CCIR, the standards and the TV sets' market in France (1948-1985)" (PDF).
  19. ^ a b Magnetic Recording Handbook. Springer Science & Business Media. December 6, 2012. ISBN 9789401094689 – via Google Books.
  20. ^ a b "Documents of the XIth Plenary Assembly - OSLO, 1966" (PDF). International Telecommunication Union. Volume V.
  21. ^ a b . August 30, 2012. Archived from the original on 30 August 2012.
  22. ^ a b c d e . August 30, 2012. Archived from the original on 30 August 2012.
  23. ^ a b c "Section 11A: Characteristics of systems for monochrome and colour television" (PDF). itu.int. Reportt 624-4.
  24. ^ a b ""M.I. Krivosheev: Participation in the development of mass TV broadcasting" - an exhibition at Ostankino TV Center".
  25. ^ a b "Mark Iosifovich Krivosheev (1922-2018)".
  26. ^ a b Reference Data for Radio Engineers, ITT Howard W.Sams Co., New York, 1977, section 30
  27. ^ "Specification of Television Standards for 625-Line System I Transmissions in the United Kingdom" (PDF).
  28. ^ . www.pembers.freeserve.co.uk. Archived from the original on 30 August 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  29. ^ DOCUMENTS OF THE Xlth PLENARY ASSEMBLY - OSLO, 1966 - VOLUME V - SOUND BROADCASTING TELEVISION (PDF). INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION. 1967.
  30. ^ "Help Guide | On TV color systems". www.sony-asia.com.
  31. ^ Tecnologica, Centro de Informacion (January 19, 1999). "Informacion Tecnologica". Centro de Informacion Tecnologica – via Google Books.

January 15, 2024
lines, this, article, about, analog, standard, definition, resolution, equivalent, digital, resolution, 576i, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, mate. This article is about the analog standard definition resolution For the equivalent digital SD resolution see 576i This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources 625 lines news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message 625 line or CCIR 625 50 is a late 1940s European analog standard definition television resolution standard 1 2 It consists of a 625 line raster with 576 lines carrying the visible image at 25 interlaced frames per second It was eventually adopted by countries using 50 Hz utility frequency as regular TV broadcasts resumed after World War II 3 With the introduction of color television in the 1960s 4 it became associated with the PAL and SECAM analog color systems Analog TV standard by nation countries using 625 line are in blue A similar 525 line system was adopted by countries using 60 Hz utility frequency like the US Other systems like 375 line 405 line 441 line 455 line and 819 line existed but became outdated or had limited adoption The modern standard definition digital video resolution 576i is equivalent and can be used to digitize an analogue 625 line TV signal or to generate a 625 line compatible analog signal 5 Contents 1 History 2 Analog broadcast 625 line television standards 3 Analog color 625 line television systems 4 Digital video 5 See also 6 ReferencesHistory editAt the CCIR Stockholm Conference in July 1948 a first 625 line system with a 8 MHz channel bandwidth was proposed by the Soviet Union based on 1946 48 studies 3 by Mark Iosifovich Krivosheev 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 This was initially known as the I B T O 625 line system At a CCIR Geneva meeting in July 1950 Dr Gerber a Swiss engineer proposed a modified 625 line system using a 7 MHz channel bandwidth informally known as the Gerber Standard The system was based on work by Telefunken and Walter Bruch and was supported by Belgium Denmark Italy Netherlands Sweden and Switzerland 3 At a CCIR Geneva meeting in May 1951 the existing VHF broadcast standards were standardized 3 The older 405 line system was designated CCIR System A the Gerber Standard was designated System B the Belgian variant System C and the I B T O standard System D In the 1960s with the introduction of UHF broadcasts new 625 line standards were adopted again with slightly different broadcast parameters leading to the creation of Systems G H I K and L Analog broadcast 625 line television standards editThe following International Telecommunication Union standards use 625 lines World analog 625 line television systems 14 ITU System Letter Designation Previous designation Band Introduced Channel bandwidth MHz Video bandwidth MHz Vision sound carrier separation MHz Vestigial sideband MHz Vision modulation Sound modulation AM FM Frequency of chrominance subcarrier MHz Vision sound power ratio Usual color Assumed display device gamma 15 14 B 16 17 18 19 Gerber Standard 16 17 18 19 VHF 1950 7 5 5 5 0 75 FM 4 43 PAL SECAM 2 8C 20 21 22 Belgian 625 line system 20 21 22 VHF 1953 7 5 5 5 0 75 AM none none 2 0D 23 22 24 25 I B T O 625 line system 23 22 24 25 VHF 1948 8 6 6 5 0 75 FM 4 43 SECAM PAL 2 8G 26 UHF 1961 8 5 5 5 0 75 FM 4 43 5 1 PAL SECAM 2 8H 26 UHF 1961 8 5 5 5 1 25 FM 4 43 5 1 PAL 2 8I 27 UHF 1962 8 5 5 5 9996 1 25 FM 4 43 5 1 PAL 2 8K 23 28 UHF 1961 8 6 6 5 0 75 FM 4 43 5 1 SECAM PAL 2 8K1 UHF 1964 8 6 6 5 1 25 FM 4 43 SECAM 2 8L 29 22 UHF 1970s 8 6 6 5 1 25 AM 4 43 8 1 SECAM 2 8N 30 31 VHF UHF 1951 6 4 2 4 5 0 75 FM 3 58 PAL 2 8Analog color 625 line television systems editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed May 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message The following analog television color systems were used in conjunction with the previous standards identified by a letter after the colour system indication PAL analog color television system ex PAL B PAL D etc SECAM analog color television system ex SECAM D SECAM L etc Digital video editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed May 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message 625 lines is sometimes mentioned when digitizing analog video or when outputting digital video in a standard definition analog compatible format 576i a standard definition television digital video mode PAL region a common term regarding video games meaning regions where the 625 lines PAL standard was traditionally used PAL SECAM DVD PAL SECAM Video CD Rec 601 a 1982 standard for encoding interlaced analog video signals in digital video form D 1 a 1986 SMPTE component digital recording video standard D 2 a 1988 SMPTE composite digital recording video standard See also edit525 lines 576pReferences edit Observer Reflective December 23 2021 Where did 625 line TV come from Televisionen Das FERNSEHEN in der UdSSR TV in the USSR Die Geschichte des Fernsehens in Russland www scheida at a b c d Piet s Home built Television Maximus R amp D Television broadcasting 1960 70 BBC 625 line services and the introduction of COLOUR PDF What means 576i Afterdawn com M I Krivosheev participation in the development of mass TV broadcasting an exhibition at Ostankino TV Center eng rscc ru Mark Iosifovich Krivosheev 1922 2018 ITU On the beginning of broadcast in 625 lines 60 year s ago 625 magazine in Russian Archived 2016 03 04 at the Wayback Machine M I Krivocheev an engineer s engineer PDF EBU Technical Review Spring 1993 pp 27 28 Archived from the original PDF on 2004 12 30 In the vanguard of television broadcasting Professor Mark Krivocheev PDF cra ir Archived from the original PDF on 2007 02 21 Observer Reflective 2021 12 23 Where did 625 line TV come from Medium Retrieved 2021 12 31 625 Line Television System Origins UK Vintage Radio Repair and Restoration Discussion Forum www vintage radio net Retrieved 2021 12 31 Leader Electronics Corporation Leader Electronics Corporation a b Suzuki N Fukinuki T Kageyama M Ishikura K Yoshigi H January 1 1994 Multiplexing scheme of helper signals on bars in EDTV II 32 36 doi 10 1049 cp 19940723 via digital library theiet org a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help C C I R Report 624 4 Characteristics of television systems 1990 PDF a b 625 Line Television Broadcast Standards UK Vintage Radio Repair and Restoration Discussion Forum www vintage radio net a b 405 Alive FAQ 405 Line Television in History www bvws org uk a b The CCIR the standards and the TV sets market in France 1948 1985 PDF a b Magnetic Recording Handbook Springer Science amp Business Media December 6 2012 ISBN 9789401094689 via Google Books a b Documents of the XIth Plenary Assembly OSLO 1966 PDF International Telecommunication Union Volume V a b World Analogue Television Standards and Waveforms August 30 2012 Archived from the original on 30 August 2012 a b c d e World Analogue Television Standards and Waveforms August 30 2012 Archived from the original on 30 August 2012 a b c Section 11A Characteristics of systems for monochrome and colour television PDF itu int Reportt 624 4 a b M I Krivosheev Participation in the development of mass TV broadcasting an exhibition at Ostankino TV Center a b Mark Iosifovich Krivosheev 1922 2018 a b Reference Data for Radio Engineers ITT Howard W Sams Co New York 1977 section 30 Specification of Television Standards for 625 Line System I Transmissions in the United Kingdom PDF World Analogue Television Standards and Waveforms www pembers freeserve co uk Archived from the original on 30 August 2012 Retrieved 12 January 2022 DOCUMENTS OF THE Xlth PLENARY ASSEMBLY OSLO 1966 VOLUME V SOUND BROADCASTING TELEVISION PDF INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION 1967 Help Guide On TV color systems www sony asia com Tecnologica Centro de Informacion January 19 1999 Informacion Tecnologica Centro de Informacion Tecnologica via Google Books Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 625 lines amp oldid 1187714936, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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