496th Tactical Fighter Squadron
The 496th Tactical Fighter Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit, last assigned to the United States Air Forces in Europe, 50th Tactical Fighter Wing, being stationed at Hahn Air Base, Germany. The squadron was inactivated on 15 May 1991.
| 496th Tactical Fighter Squadron | |
|---|---|
496th TFS F-16 Fighting Falcon[note 1] | |
| Active | 1942–1944; 1949–1951; 1953–1991 |
| Country | United States |
| Branch | United States Air Force |
| Role | Fighter |
| Part of | United States Air Forces Europe |
| Motto(s) | Cave Canem Latin Beware of the Dog |
| Decorations | Air Force Outstanding Unit Award[1] |
| Insignia | |
| Patch with 496th Tactical Fighter Squadron emblem | |
| Patch with 496th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron emblem (approved 2 November 1960)[1] | |
The unit was first activated in 1942, and served until April 1944 as a replacement and operational training unit for light bombardment and fighter-bomber units and crews. It was active as a reserve unit from 1949 to 1951, flying the aircraft of the regular 52d Fighter-All Weather Group until it was called to active duty for the Korean War and its personnel used to fill out other units.
Its longest period of active duty started in 1953, when it was activated as an interceptor squadron. After training in the Western United States, it moved to Germany, serving in the air defense of Western Europe until 1968, when it converted to the tactical fighter mission.
History edit
World War II edit
The squadron was activated in 1942 as the 301st Bombardment Squadron (Light) at Hunter Field, Georgia, and equipped with Douglas A-24 Banshee dive bombers as one of the original squadron s of the 84th Bombardment Group.[1][2] It received its initial cadre and equipment from the 3d Bombardment Group.[3] It operated briefly with Vultee V-72 (A-31 Vengeance) aircraft, but its operations showed this aircraft was unsuitable for dive bombing.[3] The squadron served as an Operational Training Unit (OTU), acting as the parent for elements of several light bombardment groups.[note 2]
In 1943, the squadron was redesignated as the 496th Fighter-Bomber Squadron[1] as were other AAF single engine bombardment units, and was re-equipped with Republic P-47 Thunderbolts.[2] It continued to serve as an OTU until October 1943.[1] The OTU program involved the use of an oversized parent unit to provide cadres to "satellite groups."[4] During the fall of 1943, operations dwindled and by the end of September 1943 only five aircraft were assigned to the entire 84th Group.[5]
The squadron then became a Replacement Training Unit (RTU) and also participated occasionally in demonstrations and maneuvers.[2] RTUs were also oversized units, but with the mission of training individual pilots or aircrews.[4] However, the AAF found that standard military units, based on relatively inflexible tables of organization were proving less well adapted to the training mission in the US. Accordingly, a more functional system was adopted in which each base was organized into a separate numbered unit.[6] The squadron was, therefore, disbanded in April 1944[2] and replaced by the 261st AAF Base Unit (Combat Crew Training School, Fighter), which took over the personnel, equipment and mission of the squadron at Abilene Army Air Field.[7]
Air reserve edit
The May 1949 Air Force Reserve program called for a new type of unit, the corollary unit, which was a reserve unit integrated with an active duty unit. The plan called for corollary units at 107 locations. It was viewed as the best method to train reservists by mixing them with an existing regular unit to perform duties alongside the regular unit. [8] As part of this program, the squadron was reconstituted as the 496th Fighter Squadron, All Weather and activated at Mitchel Air Force Base, New York in the Air Force Reserves to train as a fighter corollary unit of the 52d Fighter Group of the regular Air Force, moving with the 52d to McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey a few months later.[1] The squadron was apparently undermanned and thus performed very little training. During its only 2-week summer encampment (12–26 June 1950), the entire 84th Group had only four pilots capable of flying the 52d's North American F-82 Twin Mustangs provided for their training. Like other corollary units, the 84th Group seems to have been poorly manned, and the parent 52d Fighter-All Weather Wing made little use of its corollary units, focusing on its combat mission instead. The 84th Group was ordered to active service on 1 June 1951, inactivated the next day, and its few people became "fillers" for the 52d Wing or, if there was no vacancy in the 52d, for other USAF units.[1][9]
Interceptor operations edit
Activated briefly at Hamilton Air Force Base, California in early 1953, equipped with North American F-86F Sabres, performed air defense of the West Coast of the United States. Reassigned to the United States Air Forces in Europe, assigned to the 86th Fighter-Interceptor Wing at Landstuhl Air Base, West Germany in 1954. Mission in USAFE was air defense of West Germany, flying North American F-86D Sabre interceptors.
Moved to Hahn Air Base in November 1956, remaining assigned to the 86th. Operated from Hahn for the next decade, being re-equipped with the F-102A Delta Dagger in 1959.
Tactical fighter operations edit
Reassigned to the host 50th TFW at Hahn in 1968 as part of the withdrawal of the F-102 from Europe, being re-equipped with McDonnell F-4E Phantom IIs and becoming a tactical Fighter Squadron. Continued routine training operations throughout the 1970s, upgrading to General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon aircraft in 1982.
Inactivated in 1991 with the host 50th Tactical Fighter Wing at Hahn and part of the closure of the base and the end of the Cold War.
Lineage edit
- Constituted as the 301st Bombardment Squadron (Light) on 13 January 1942
- Activated on 10 February 1942
- Redesignated 301st Bombardment Squadron (Dive) on 27 July 1942
- Redesignated 496th Fighter-Bomber Squadron on 10 August 1943
- Disbanded on 1 April 1944
- Reconstituted, and redesignated 496th Fighter Squadron, All Weather on 16 May 1949
- Activated in the reserve on 1 June 1949
- Redesignated 496th Fighter-All Weather Squadron on 1 March 1950
- Ordered to active service on 1 June 1951
- Inactivated on 2 June 1951
- Redesignated 496th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 11 February 1953
- Activated on 20 March 1953[10]
- Redesignated 496th Tactical Fighter Squadron, 1 November 1968
- Inactivated 15 May 1991
Assignments edit
- 84th Bombardment Group (later 84th Fighter-Bomber Group), 10 February 1942 – 1 April 1944
- 84th Fighter Group, 1 June 1949 – 2 June 1951
- 566th Air Defense Group, 20 March 1953
- Twelfth Air Force (attached to 86th Fighter-Bomber Wing), 1 July 1954
- 7486th Air Defense Group (later 7486th Air Base Group), 2 December 1954
- 86th Fighter-Interceptor Group, 3 January 1956
- 86th Fighter-Interceptor Wing (later 86th Air Division), 8 March 1958[10][note 7] (attached to 50th Tactical Fighter Wing after 1 November 1968)
- 50th Tactical Fighter Wing, 25 November 1968 – 15 May 1991
Stations edit
- Hunter Field, Georgia, 10 February 1942
- Drew Field, Florida, 8 February 1943
- Harding Field, Louisiana, 4 October 1943
- Hammond Army Air Field, Louisiana, 9 November 1943
- Abilene Army Air Field, Texas, 11 February – 1 April 1944.
- Mitchel Air Force Base, New York, 1 June 1949
- McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey, 10 October 1949 – 2 June 1951
- Hamilton Air Force Base, California, 20 March 1953
- Landstuhl Air Base, Germany, 4 July 1954
- Hahn Air Base, Germany, 8 November 1956[10] – 15 May 1991
Aircraft edit
- Vultee V-72 Vengeance, 1942
- Douglas A-24 Banshee, 1942–1943
- Bell P-39 Airacobra, 1943
- Republic P-47 Thunderbolt, 1943–1944
- North American F-51 Mustang, 1953
- North American F-86D Sabre, 1953–1960
- Convair F-102 Delta Dagger, 1959–1970[10]
- McDonnell F-4 Phantom II, 1970–1982
- General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon, 1982–1991
References edit
- Notes
- ^ Aircraft is General Dynamics F-16C Block 25E serial 84-1315
- ^ These units were the 85th, 311th, 312th, 319th, 405th and 407th Bombardment Groups Abstract, 84 Bombardment Group 1943 History
- ^ Aircraft is North American F-82F Twin Mustang serial 46-414 assigned to the 2d Fighter All Weather Squadron
- ^ Aircraft are North American F-86D-45-NA Sabres. Serial 52-3938 is in front. After the squadron transitioned to the F-102 in 1959, this aircraft was transferred to the Japanese Self-Defense Air Force.
- ^ Aircraft are Convair F-102A-65-CO Delta Daggers serials 56-1210 and 56-1219
- ^ Aircraft is McDonnell F-4E Phantom II serial 68-513, taken about 1970
- ^ Maurer treats this as a reassignment, however the 86th Air Division was the 86th Fighter-Interceptor Wing redesignated. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 598; Ravenstein, p. 120
- Citations
- ^ a b c d e f g Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 598
- ^ a b c d Maurer, Combat Units, p. 150
- ^ a b "Abstract, History 84 Bombardment Group to Jul 1943". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
- ^ a b Craven & Cate, Vol. VI, Introduction, p. xxxvi
- ^ "Abstract, History 84 Fighter-Bomber Group Jan 1942 – Sep 1943". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
- ^ Craven & Cate, Vol. VI, p. 75
- ^ "Abstract, History Abilene AAF, Texas, Apr 1944". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
- ^ Cantwell, p. 73
- ^ Cantwell, pp. 79, 110
- ^ a b c d Lineage, including assignments, stations and aircraft through 1963 in Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 598.
Bibliography edit
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency.
- Cantwell, Gerald T. (1997). Citizen Airmen: a History of the Air Force Reserve, 1946–1994. Washington, D.C.: Air Force History and Museums Program. ISBN 0-16049-269-6. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
- Craven, Wesley F.; Cate, James L., eds. (1955). The Army Air Forces in World War II. Vol. VI, Men & Planes. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. LCCN 48003657. OCLC 704158.
- Cornett, Lloyd H; Johnson, Mildred W (1980). (PDF). Peterson AFB, CO: Office of History, Aerospace Defense Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 February 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556.
- Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947–1977. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9.
- "ADCOM's Fighter Interceptor Squadrons". The Interceptor. Aerospace Defense Command. 21 (1): 5–11, 26–31, 40–45, 54–59. January 1979.