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No. 30 Commando

January 01, 1970

For the current unit raised in 2010, see 30 Commando Information Exploitation Group.

No. 30 Commando, from 1943 to 1946 known as 30 Assault Unit, was a British Commando unit during the Second World War, originally formed to gather intelligence.

30 (Commando) Assault Unit
Active1942–1946
Country
BranchRoyal Marines, Royal Navy, British Army, RAF,[1] and attached civilian specialists. [2]
TypeCommando
RoleAmphibious warfare
Close-quarters combat
Desert warfare
Direct action
Forward observer
HUMINT
Jungle warfare
Raiding
Reconnaissance
Urban warfare
Size120 all ranks[3]
Part ofCombined Operations
Nickname(s)Red Indians
Motto(s)"Attain By Surprise"
EngagementsSecond World War
Commanders
Notable
commanders		Lieutenant Commander Quintin Theodore Petroe Molesworth Riley[2]
Insignia
30 Assault Unit Shoulder Insignia

History edit

Formation edit

In a 2012 documentary Dieppe Uncovered, Canadian Professor David O'Keefe shows a March 1942 document where James Bond creator, Ian Fleming, proposes the creation of a commando unit to his then boss, Admiral John Godfrey, the Director of Naval Intelligence (DNI).[4] Ian notes the objective of such a unit would be, "to accompany forward troops when a port or naval installation is being attacked and, if the attack is successful, their duty is to capture documents, cyphers". Ian based this unit on a similar unit already in existence since 1941 in Nazi Germany and operated by the German Military Intelligence unit, Abwehr named Marine-Einsatz-Kommando Schwarzes Meer,.[5]

According to some accounts, the unit was deployed for the first time during the Dieppe Raid in August 1942, in an unsuccessful attempt to capture an Enigma machine and related material.[6]

In September 1942, its formation was officially authorised, under the auspices of the Director of Naval Intelligence. Known initially as the Special Intelligence Unit, it comprised 33 (Royal Marines) Troop, 34 (Army) Troop, 35 (Royal Air Force) Troop and 36 (Royal Navy) Troop. One of the key figures involved in its organisation was Commander Ian Fleming (later author of the James Bond novels). It was tasked to move ahead of advancing Allied forces, or to undertake covert infiltrations into enemy territory by land, sea or air, to capture much needed intelligence, in the form of codes, documents, equipment or personnel.[2] They often worked closely with the Intelligence Corps' Field Security sections. Individual troops were present in all operational theatres and usually operated independently, gathering information from captured facilities.[2]

North Africa and Mediterranean edit

The unit took part in the Operation Torch landings (November 1942), landing to the west of Algiers at Sidi Ferruch on 8 November.[7] They had been provided with detailed maps and photographs of the area and on the outskirts of the city locating the Italian naval headquarters. By the following day all the battle orders for the German and Italian fleets, current code books and other documents had been sent back to London.[7]

Renamed 30 Commando and also known as the Special Engineering Unit,[2] for most of 1943, the unit, or parts of it, operated in the Greek Islands, Norway, Sicily (Pantelleria) and Corsica.[2] 34 Troop operated mainly in the Italian and Balkan campaigns. Its missions have reportedly remained subject to official secrecy regulations. Perhaps the best-known member was Johnny Ramensky, a Lithuanian-Scottish safe-cracker.[8] These units were normally inserted by parachute behind enemy lines.

North West Europe edit

In November 1943, the unit returned to Britain to prepare for the Allied invasion of France. It was re-designated 30 Assault Unit (30AU) in December,[2] and re-organised into HQ Troop; A, B and X Troops; a mobile RN signals unit and a RN medical unit (apparently along de facto combined operations/joint service lines).

30AU took part in D-Day and the subsequent Normandy Campaign. One detachment, code-named Pikeforce, landed on Juno Beach. Its major task on D-Day was the capture of a radar station at Douvres-la-Delivrande, north of Caen (although the defending Germans held out until 17 June).[2] Led by Squadron Leader David Nutting (RAF), a detachment code-named Woolforce (commanded by Colonel A. R. Wooley), landed at Utah Beach on D-Day plus 4, tasked with examining suspected German V-1 missile sites.[1] 30AU also took part in the capture of Cherbourg. They launched an assault on Octeville – a suburb to the south west of port. This was the location of the Kriegsmarine naval intelligence HQ known as Villa Maurice which the Commandos captured along with 20 officers and 500 men.[2]

During July 30AU made their headquarters at Carteret where captured material was studied and the force increased in men and vehicles. In August it advanced with the US 3rd Army in the breakout of Normandy. 30 AU took part in the capture of Rennes, Brest and Nantes however captured documents were not of great value there. Their biggest operation however was in the Liberation of Paris – codenamed Woolforce II.[2] Moving with speed in various scout and armoured cars and having avoided road blocks or major resistance Woolforce II entered via the Porte d'Orléans having followed the 2nd Free French armoured division. Avoiding joyous crowds 30AU crossed Pont Mirabeau and quickly cleared intelligence targets and blew open every safe box they could find. After a brief gunfight, they captured the former headquarters of Admiral Karl Dönitz, the Château de la Muette 'liberating' 30 tonnes of documents.[9] In addition they seized the factory and underground torpedo warehouses at Houilles and Saint-Cloud. They managed to secure the acoustic torpedoes – the T5 and the experimental T10 as well as extensive technical documentation. When the Germans under Dietrich von Choltitz announced the capitulation nearly 700 Germans surrendered to 30AU.[10]

Meanwhile 30AU (sections A and B) also conducted lesser operations in cooperation with French intelligence officers in the Toulon and Strasbourg area after they had been liberated. In September 1944, 30AU took part in the capture of Channel coast ports, often using armed jeeps. The operations carried out by 30AU in the liberation of France and Belgium provided a wealth of intelligence particularly in communications within the German military and within the German Navy. For example, how RAF Coastal Command could best deal with U-Boats in attacks via the air.[2]

Some 30AU missions in Germany during early 1945 reportedly remain subject to official secrecy.[citation needed] The unit is known to have targeted military scientists,[11][12] sometimes far behind enemy lines. But this is described in detail in Nichola's Rankin's book "Ian Fleming's Commandos", published 2011 (See Further reading below).

According to some sources, the secrecy surrounding 30AU was such that significant German figures, captured behind the lines by field teams from 30AU, were officially reported to have "surrendered" to Allied infantry.[13][page needed]

Pacific edit

A 30AU detachment was sent to the Pacific theatre in mid-1945, although the Japanese surrender precluded actual operations. Immediately after the war, however, 30AU was reportedly active in Singapore, Indochina and Hong Kong.

Post war edit

30 Assault Unit was officially disbanded in 1946,[2] however in 2010 the Royal Marines formed 30 Commando Information Exploitation Group (30 Cdo IXG RM) which carries on the history of 30 Assault Unit.[14]

In fiction edit

  • 30 Assault Unit's commander Ian Fleming based his fictional secret agent character James Bond on the commando types and their wartime achievements. See also Inspirations for James Bond
  • The film Age of Heroes is very loosely based on the real 30 Assault Unit.

Notable members edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b David C. Nutting (ed.), 2003, Attain by Surprise: Capturing Top Secret Intelligence in WW II (rev. ed.), David Colver.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "History of 30 Assault Unit 1942–1946". Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King's College London. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  3. ^ Ladd, p.353
  4. ^ "Ian Fleming's secret memo". BBC Magazine. 5 March 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  5. ^ Kobelt, Hartwig (June 2012). Marine-Einsatz-Kommandos (2012 ed.). Germany: Helios Verlagsge. ISBN 9783869330754.
  6. ^ Ogrodnik, Irene. "Breaking German codes real reason for 1942 Dieppe raid: historian." 24 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine Global News, 9 August 2012. Retrieved: 13 August 2012.
  7. ^ a b Haining, p.33
  8. ^ "Feature: Gentle Johnny". The National Archives of Scotland. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
  9. ^ Ash, John Garton (9 December 2012). "Bill Day". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  10. ^ Rankin p 266
  11. ^ Nutting, David (2003). Attain by Surprise. Colver. ISBN 0-9526257-2-5.
  12. ^ Appendix 1 (Part 5): History of 30 Commando (later called 30 Assault Unit and 30 Advanced Unit also known as Special Engineering Unit). Admiralty SW. 1946 [released 1997]. ADM 223/214.
  13. ^ Bower, Tom (1997). The Paperclip Conspiracy. Paladin. ISBN 0-586-08686-2.
  14. ^ "UK Royal Marines Rename Information Unit". International Defence Review. London: Janes. June 2010. p. 8. We are immensely proud to be able to carry on the history of 30 Commando

Bibliography edit

  • Chappell, Mike (1996). Army Commandos 1940–45. London: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-85532-579-9.
  • Haining, Peter (2007). The Mystery of Rommel's Gold: The Search for the Legendary Nazi Treasure. Avana Books. ISBN 978-1-84486-053-1.
  • Ladd, James (1980). The Royal Marines 1919–1980. London: Jane's. ISBN 978-0-7106-0011-0.
  • Moreman, Timothy (2006). British Commandos 1940–46. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-986-X.

Further reading edit

  • Hugill, J. A. C. (1946). "The Hazard Mesh". London: Hurst & Blackett. OCLC 14636090. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  • Riley, J. P. (1989). From Pole to Pole. Bluntisham Books. ISBN 1-871999-02-2.
  • Dalzel-Job, Patrick (1991). Arctic Snow to Dust of Normandy. Barnsley: Pen and Sword Military Books. ISBN 1-84415-238-3.
  • Rankin, Nicholas (2011). Ian Fleming's Commandos: The Story of the Legendary 30 Assault Unit. London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-978282-6.
  • Hampshire, A. Cecil (1978). The Secret Navies. London: W. Kimber. ISBN 0-71830-195-1.

External links edit

  • 30 Commando Assault Unit - Ian Fleming's 'Red Indians' - Literary James Bond's Wartime Unit
  • Last 30 AU Veteran turns 100

January 01, 1970
commando, current, unit, raised, 2010, commando, information, exploitation, group, from, 1943, 1946, known, assault, unit, british, commando, unit, during, second, world, originally, formed, gather, intelligence, commando, assault, unitactive1942, 1946countryb. For the current unit raised in 2010 see 30 Commando Information Exploitation Group No 30 Commando from 1943 to 1946 known as 30 Assault Unit was a British Commando unit during the Second World War originally formed to gather intelligence 30 Commando Assault UnitActive1942 1946CountryBranchRoyal Marines Royal Navy British Army RAF 1 and attached civilian specialists 2 TypeCommandoRoleAmphibious warfareClose quarters combatDesert warfareDirect actionForward observerHUMINTJungle warfareRaidingReconnaissanceUrban warfareSize120 all ranks 3 Part ofCombined OperationsNickname s Red IndiansMotto s Attain By Surprise EngagementsSecond World WarCommandersNotablecommandersLieutenant Commander Quintin Theodore Petroe Molesworth Riley 2 Insignia30 Assault Unit Shoulder Insignia Contents 1 History 1 1 Formation 1 2 North Africa and Mediterranean 1 3 North West Europe 1 4 Pacific 1 5 Post war 2 In fiction 3 Notable members 4 References 4 1 Bibliography 4 2 Further reading 4 3 External linksHistory editFormation edit In a 2012 documentary Dieppe Uncovered Canadian Professor David O Keefe shows a March 1942 document where James Bond creator Ian Fleming proposes the creation of a commando unit to his then boss Admiral John Godfrey the Director of Naval Intelligence DNI 4 Ian notes the objective of such a unit would be to accompany forward troops when a port or naval installation is being attacked and if the attack is successful their duty is to capture documents cyphers Ian based this unit on a similar unit already in existence since 1941 in Nazi Germany and operated by the German Military Intelligence unit Abwehr named Marine Einsatz Kommando Schwarzes Meer 5 According to some accounts the unit was deployed for the first time during the Dieppe Raid in August 1942 in an unsuccessful attempt to capture an Enigma machine and related material 6 In September 1942 its formation was officially authorised under the auspices of the Director of Naval Intelligence Known initially as the Special Intelligence Unit it comprised 33 Royal Marines Troop 34 Army Troop 35 Royal Air Force Troop and 36 Royal Navy Troop One of the key figures involved in its organisation was Commander Ian Fleming later author of the James Bond novels It was tasked to move ahead of advancing Allied forces or to undertake covert infiltrations into enemy territory by land sea or air to capture much needed intelligence in the form of codes documents equipment or personnel 2 They often worked closely with the Intelligence Corps Field Security sections Individual troops were present in all operational theatres and usually operated independently gathering information from captured facilities 2 North Africa and Mediterranean edit The unit took part in the Operation Torch landings November 1942 landing to the west of Algiers at Sidi Ferruch on 8 November 7 They had been provided with detailed maps and photographs of the area and on the outskirts of the city locating the Italian naval headquarters By the following day all the battle orders for the German and Italian fleets current code books and other documents had been sent back to London 7 Renamed 30 Commando and also known as the Special Engineering Unit 2 for most of 1943 the unit or parts of it operated in the Greek Islands Norway Sicily Pantelleria and Corsica 2 34 Troop operated mainly in the Italian and Balkan campaigns Its missions have reportedly remained subject to official secrecy regulations Perhaps the best known member was Johnny Ramensky a Lithuanian Scottish safe cracker 8 These units were normally inserted by parachute behind enemy lines North West Europe edit In November 1943 the unit returned to Britain to prepare for the Allied invasion of France It was re designated 30 Assault Unit 30AU in December 2 and re organised into HQ Troop A B and X Troops a mobile RN signals unit and a RN medical unit apparently along de facto combined operations joint service lines 30AU took part in D Day and the subsequent Normandy Campaign One detachment code named Pikeforce landed on Juno Beach Its major task on D Day was the capture of a radar station at Douvres la Delivrande north of Caen although the defending Germans held out until 17 June 2 Led by Squadron Leader David Nutting RAF a detachment code named Woolforce commanded by Colonel A R Wooley landed at Utah Beach on D Day plus 4 tasked with examining suspected German V 1 missile sites 1 30AU also took part in the capture of Cherbourg They launched an assault on Octeville a suburb to the south west of port This was the location of the Kriegsmarine naval intelligence HQ known as Villa Maurice which the Commandos captured along with 20 officers and 500 men 2 During July 30AU made their headquarters at Carteret where captured material was studied and the force increased in men and vehicles In August it advanced with the US 3rd Army in the breakout of Normandy 30 AU took part in the capture of Rennes Brest and Nantes however captured documents were not of great value there Their biggest operation however was in the Liberation of Paris codenamed Woolforce II 2 Moving with speed in various scout and armoured cars and having avoided road blocks or major resistance Woolforce II entered via the Porte d Orleans having followed the 2nd Free French armoured division Avoiding joyous crowds 30AU crossed Pont Mirabeau and quickly cleared intelligence targets and blew open every safe box they could find After a brief gunfight they captured the former headquarters of Admiral Karl Donitz the Chateau de la Muette liberating 30 tonnes of documents 9 In addition they seized the factory and underground torpedo warehouses at Houilles and Saint Cloud They managed to secure the acoustic torpedoes the T5 and the experimental T10 as well as extensive technical documentation When the Germans under Dietrich von Choltitz announced the capitulation nearly 700 Germans surrendered to 30AU 10 Meanwhile 30AU sections A and B also conducted lesser operations in cooperation with French intelligence officers in the Toulon and Strasbourg area after they had been liberated In September 1944 30AU took part in the capture of Channel coast ports often using armed jeeps The operations carried out by 30AU in the liberation of France and Belgium provided a wealth of intelligence particularly in communications within the German military and within the German Navy For example how RAF Coastal Command could best deal with U Boats in attacks via the air 2 Some 30AU missions in Germany during early 1945 reportedly remain subject to official secrecy citation needed The unit is known to have targeted military scientists 11 12 sometimes far behind enemy lines But this is described in detail in Nichola s Rankin s book Ian Fleming s Commandos published 2011 See Further reading below According to some sources the secrecy surrounding 30AU was such that significant German figures captured behind the lines by field teams from 30AU were officially reported to have surrendered to Allied infantry 13 page needed Pacific edit A 30AU detachment was sent to the Pacific theatre in mid 1945 although the Japanese surrender precluded actual operations Immediately after the war however 30AU was reportedly active in Singapore Indochina and Hong Kong Post war edit 30 Assault Unit was officially disbanded in 1946 2 however in 2010 the Royal Marines formed 30 Commando Information Exploitation Group 30 Cdo IXG RM which carries on the history of 30 Assault Unit 14 In fiction edit30 Assault Unit s commander Ian Fleming based his fictional secret agent character James Bond on the commando types and their wartime achievements See also Inspirations for James Bond The film Age of Heroes is very loosely based on the real 30 Assault Unit Notable members editJohnny Ramensky career criminal and noted safe blower Sir Charles Wheeler broadcaster and journalist Patrick Dalzel Job British Naval Intelligence Officer and CommandoReferences edit a b David C Nutting ed 2003 Attain by Surprise Capturing Top Secret Intelligence in WW II rev ed David Colver a b c d e f g h i j k l History of 30 Assault Unit 1942 1946 Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives King s College London Retrieved 2 June 2010 Ladd p 353 Ian Fleming s secret memo BBC Magazine 5 March 2013 Retrieved 9 September 2022 Kobelt Hartwig June 2012 Marine Einsatz Kommandos 2012 ed Germany Helios Verlagsge ISBN 9783869330754 Ogrodnik Irene Breaking German codes real reason for 1942 Dieppe raid historian Archived 24 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine Global News 9 August 2012 Retrieved 13 August 2012 a b Haining p 33 Feature Gentle Johnny The National Archives of Scotland Retrieved 15 September 2016 Ash John Garton 9 December 2012 Bill Day Daily Telegraph Retrieved 20 May 2019 Rankin p 266 Nutting David 2003 Attain by Surprise Colver ISBN 0 9526257 2 5 Appendix 1 Part 5 History of 30 Commando later called 30 Assault Unit and 30 Advanced Unit also known as Special Engineering Unit Admiralty SW 1946 released 1997 ADM 223 214 Bower Tom 1997 The Paperclip Conspiracy Paladin ISBN 0 586 08686 2 UK Royal Marines Rename Information Unit International Defence Review London Janes June 2010 p 8 We are immensely proud to be able to carry on the history of 30 Commando Bibliography edit Chappell Mike 1996 Army Commandos 1940 45 London Osprey Publishing ISBN 1 85532 579 9 Haining Peter 2007 The Mystery of Rommel s Gold The Search for the Legendary Nazi Treasure Avana Books ISBN 978 1 84486 053 1 Ladd James 1980 The Royal Marines 1919 1980 London Jane s ISBN 978 0 7106 0011 0 Moreman Timothy 2006 British Commandos 1940 46 Osprey Publishing ISBN 1 84176 986 X Further reading edit Hugill J A C 1946 The Hazard Mesh London Hurst amp Blackett OCLC 14636090 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Riley J P 1989 From Pole to Pole Bluntisham Books ISBN 1 871999 02 2 Dalzel Job Patrick 1991 Arctic Snow to Dust of Normandy Barnsley Pen and Sword Military Books ISBN 1 84415 238 3 Rankin Nicholas 2011 Ian Fleming s Commandos The Story of the Legendary 30 Assault Unit London Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 978282 6 Hampshire A Cecil 1978 The Secret Navies London W Kimber ISBN 0 71830 195 1 External links edit 30 Commando Assault Unit Ian Fleming s Red Indians Literary James Bond s Wartime Unit Last 30 AU Veteran turns 100 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title No 30 Commando amp oldid 1225397421, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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