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251 Sophia

April 14, 2023

251 Sophia is a stony background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 4 October 1885, by astronomer Johann Palisa at the Vienna Observatory in Austria.[1] The S-type asteroid (S/L) has a rotation period of 20.2 hours and measures approximately 28 kilometers (17 miles) in diameter. It was named after Sophia von Seeliger, wife of German astronomer Hugo von Seeliger (1849–1924).[2]

251 Sophia
Modelled shape of Sophia from its lightcurve
Discovery [1]
Discovered byJ. Palisa
Discovery siteVienna Obs.
Discovery date4 October 1885
Designations
(251) Sophia
PronunciationGerman: [zoːˈfiːaː][6]
Named after
A885 TA, 1907 UA
1950 RH1, 1953 FN1
Orbital characteristics [3]
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc134.29 yr (49,050 d)
Aphelion3.4015 AU
Perihelion2.8035 AU
3.1025 AU
Eccentricity0.0964
5.46 yr (1,996 d)
192.53°
0° 10m 49.44s / day
Inclination10.511°
156.02°
286.51°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
  • 27.495±0.197 km[7]
  • 28.42±4.5 km[8]
  • 29.65±0.42 km[9]
20.216±0.008 h[10]
  • (235.0°, −52.0°) (λ1/β1)[11]
  • (47.0°, 84.0°) (λ2/β2)[11]
  • 0.207±0.007[9]
  • 0.2188±0.091[8]
  • 0.234±0.042[7]
9.9[1][3]

Orbit and classification

Sophia is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[4][5] It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.8–3.4 AU once every 5 years and 6 months (1,996 days; semi-major axis of 3.1 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.10 and an inclination of 11° with respect to the ecliptic.[3] The body's observation arc begins at Vienna Observatory with its official discovery observation on 4 October 1885.[1]

Naming

This minor planet was named after Sophia von Seeliger (née Stoeltzel), wife of German astronomer Hugo von Seeliger (1849–1924) on the occasion of their marriage (A. Schnell). The naming likely took place in 1885, on the meeting of the Astronomische Gesellschaft in Geneva, Switzerland. Seeliger, who proposed the name to the discoverer, was later honored with asteroid 892 Seeligeria, discovered by Max Wolf in 1918.[2]

Physical characteristics

In the Tholen-like taxonomy of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2), Sophia is a common, stony S-type asteroid, while in the survey's Bus–Binzel (SMASS) taxonomic variant, it is an Sl-subtype, which transitions from the S-type to the uncommon L-type.[5][12] In the SDSS-based taxonomy, it is an L-type asteroid[13]

Rotation period and poles

In December 2000, a rotational lightcurve of Sophia was obtained from photometric observations by Bill Holliday in New Braunfels, Texas. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 20.216±0.008 hours with a brightness variation of 0.30±0.02 magnitude (U=3).[10] Between 2005 and 2013, additional observations by French amateur astronomers Laurent Bernasconi, Etienne Morelle and René Roy gave a tentative period of 20.28 hours with an amplitude between 0.25 and 0.61 (U=2/2/2).[14]

Modeled lightcurves by Josef Ďurech and Josef Hanuš, using photometric data including from the Lowell Photometric Database and from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) were published in 2018. It gave a concurring sidereal period of 20.2221±0.0002 and 20.2222±0.0001 hours, respectively. Hanuš also gave two spin axes at (235.0°, −52.0°) and (47.0°, 84.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).[15][16][11]

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, and the Japanese Akari satellite, Sophia measures (27.495±0.197), (28.42±4.5) and (29.65±0.42) kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of (0.234±0.042), (0.2188±0.091) and (0.207±0.007), respectively.[7][8][9] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.2377 and a diameter of 28.54 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.9.[11] Alternative mean-diameter measurements published by the WISE team include (28.201±1.301 km) and (28.804±0.212 km) with corresponding albedos of (0.244±0.047) and (0.2205±0.0481).[5][11]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "251 Sophia". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  2. ^ a b c Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(251) Sophia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 37. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_252. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
  3. ^ a b c d "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 251 Sophia" (2020-01-20 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  4. ^ a b "Asteroid 251 Sophia – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d "Asteroid 251 Sophia". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  6. ^ (German Names)
  7. ^ a b c Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; Kramer, E. A.; Masiero, J. R.; et al. (June 2016). "NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0". NASA Planetary Data System. Bibcode:2016PDSS..247.....M. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  8. ^ a b c Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  9. ^ a b c Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
  10. ^ a b Holliday, Bill (June 2001). "Photometry of Asteroid 251 Sophia, 393 Lampetia, and (20898) 2000 WE147, September 2000 through January 2001" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 28 (2): 26–28. Bibcode:2001MPBu...28...26H.
  11. ^ a b c d e "LCDB Data for (251) Sophia". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  12. ^ a b c Lazzaro, D.; Angeli, C. A.; Carvano, J. M.; Mothé-Diniz, T.; Duffard, R.; Florczak, M. (November 2004). "S3OS2: the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids" (PDF). Icarus. 172 (1): 179–220. Bibcode:2004Icar..172..179L. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.006. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  13. ^ a b Carvano, J. M.; Hasselmann, P. H.; Lazzaro, D.; Mothé-Diniz, T. (February 2010). "SDSS-based taxonomic classification and orbital distribution of main belt asteroids". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 510: 12. Bibcode:2010A&A...510A..43C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913322. Retrieved 14 March 2020. (PDS data set)
  14. ^ Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (251) Sophia". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  15. ^ Ďurech, J.; Hanuš, J.; Alí-Lagoa, V. (September 2018). "Asteroid models reconstructed from the Lowell Photometric Database and WISE data". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 617: A57. arXiv:1807.02083. Bibcode:2018A&A...617A..57D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833437. ISSN 0004-6361.
  16. ^ Hanus, J.; Delbo', M.; Alí-Lagoa, V.; Bolin, B.; Jedicke, R.; Durech, J.; et al. (January 2018). "Spin states of asteroids in the Eos collisional family". Icarus. 299: 84–96. arXiv:1707.05507. Bibcode:2018Icar..299...84H. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.07.007. ISSN 0019-1035.

External links

  • Lightcurve Database Query (LCDB), at www.minorplanet.info
  • Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
  • Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Geneva Observatory, Raoul Behrend
  • Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
  • 251 Sophia at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
    • Ephemeris · Observation prediction · Orbital info · Proper elements · Observational info
  • 251 Sophia at the JPL Small-Body Database  
    • Close approach · Discovery · Ephemeris · Orbit diagram · Orbital elements · Physical parameters

April 14, 2023
sophia, stony, background, asteroid, from, outer, regions, asteroid, belt, discovered, october, 1885, astronomer, johann, palisa, vienna, observatory, austria, type, asteroid, rotation, period, hours, measures, approximately, kilometers, miles, diameter, named. 251 Sophia is a stony background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt It was discovered on 4 October 1885 by astronomer Johann Palisa at the Vienna Observatory in Austria 1 The S type asteroid S L has a rotation period of 20 2 hours and measures approximately 28 kilometers 17 miles in diameter It was named after Sophia von Seeliger wife of German astronomer Hugo von Seeliger 1849 1924 2 251 SophiaModelled shape of Sophia from its lightcurveDiscovery 1 Discovered byJ PalisaDiscovery siteVienna Obs Discovery date4 October 1885DesignationsMPC designation 251 SophiaPronunciationGerman zoːˈfiːaː 6 Named afterSophia von Seeliger Hugo von Seeliger 2 Alternative designationsA885 TA 1907 UA1950 RH1 1953 FN1Minor planet categorymain belt 1 3 outer background 4 5 Orbital characteristics 3 Epoch 31 May 2020 JD 2459000 5 Uncertainty parameter 0Observation arc134 29 yr 49 050 d Aphelion3 4015 AUPerihelion2 8035 AUSemi major axis3 1025 AUEccentricity0 0964Orbital period sidereal 5 46 yr 1 996 d Mean anomaly192 53 Mean motion0 10m 49 44s dayInclination10 511 Longitude of ascending node156 02 Argument of perihelion286 51 Physical characteristicsMean diameter27 495 0 197 km 7 28 42 4 5 km 8 29 65 0 42 km 9 Synodic rotation period20 216 0 008 h 10 Pole ecliptic latitude 235 0 52 0 l1 b1 11 47 0 84 0 l2 b2 11 Geometric albedo0 207 0 007 9 0 2188 0 091 8 0 234 0 042 7 Spectral typeS S3OS2 TH 12 Sl S3OS2 BB 12 L SDSS MOC 13 Absolute magnitude H 9 9 1 3 Contents 1 Orbit and classification 2 Naming 3 Physical characteristics 3 1 Rotation period and poles 3 2 Diameter and albedo 4 References 5 External linksOrbit and classification EditSophia is a non family asteroid of the main belt s background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements 4 5 It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2 8 3 4 AU once every 5 years and 6 months 1 996 days semi major axis of 3 1 AU Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0 10 and an inclination of 11 with respect to the ecliptic 3 The body s observation arc begins at Vienna Observatory with its official discovery observation on 4 October 1885 1 Naming EditThis minor planet was named after Sophia von Seeliger nee Stoeltzel wife of German astronomer Hugo von Seeliger 1849 1924 on the occasion of their marriage A Schnell The naming likely took place in 1885 on the meeting of the Astronomische Gesellschaft in Geneva Switzerland Seeliger who proposed the name to the discoverer was later honored with asteroid 892 Seeligeria discovered by Max Wolf in 1918 2 Physical characteristics EditIn the Tholen like taxonomy of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey S3OS2 Sophia is a common stony S type asteroid while in the survey s Bus Binzel SMASS taxonomic variant it is an Sl subtype which transitions from the S type to the uncommon L type 5 12 In the SDSS based taxonomy it is an L type asteroid 13 Rotation period and poles Edit In December 2000 a rotational lightcurve of Sophia was obtained from photometric observations by Bill Holliday in New Braunfels Texas Lightcurve analysis gave a well defined rotation period of 20 216 0 008 hours with a brightness variation of 0 30 0 02 magnitude U 3 10 Between 2005 and 2013 additional observations by French amateur astronomers Laurent Bernasconi Etienne Morelle and Rene Roy gave a tentative period of 20 28 hours with an amplitude between 0 25 and 0 61 U 2 2 2 14 Modeled lightcurves by Josef Durech and Josef Hanus using photometric data including from the Lowell Photometric Database and from the Wide field Infrared Survey Explorer WISE were published in 2018 It gave a concurring sidereal period of 20 2221 0 0002 and 20 2222 0 0001 hours respectively Hanus also gave two spin axes at 235 0 52 0 and 47 0 84 0 in ecliptic coordinates l b 15 16 11 Diameter and albedo Edit According to the surveys carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA s WISE telescope the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS and the Japanese Akari satellite Sophia measures 27 495 0 197 28 42 4 5 and 29 65 0 42 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0 234 0 042 0 2188 0 091 and 0 207 0 007 respectively 7 8 9 The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0 2377 and a diameter of 28 54 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9 9 11 Alternative mean diameter measurements published by the WISE team include 28 201 1 301 km and 28 804 0 212 km with corresponding albedos of 0 244 0 047 and 0 2205 0 0481 5 11 References Edit a b c d e 251 Sophia Minor Planet Center Retrieved 14 March 2020 a b c Schmadel Lutz D 2007 251 Sophia Dictionary of Minor Planet Names Springer Berlin Heidelberg p 37 doi 10 1007 978 3 540 29925 7 252 ISBN 978 3 540 00238 3 a b c d JPL Small Body Database Browser 251 Sophia 2020 01 20 last obs Jet Propulsion Laboratory Retrieved 14 March 2020 a b Asteroid 251 Sophia Proper Elements AstDyS 2 Asteroids Dynamic Site Retrieved 14 March 2020 a b c d Asteroid 251 Sophia Small Bodies Data Ferret Retrieved 14 March 2020 German Names a b c Mainzer A K Bauer J M Cutri R M Grav T Kramer E A Masiero J R et al June 2016 NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1 0 NASA Planetary Data System Bibcode 2016PDSS 247 M Retrieved 14 March 2020 a b c Tedesco E F Noah P V Noah M Price S D October 2004 IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6 0 NASA Planetary Data System 12 IRAS A FPA 3 RDR IMPS V6 0 Bibcode 2004PDSS 12 T Retrieved 14 March 2020 a b c Usui Fumihiko Kuroda Daisuke Muller Thomas G Hasegawa Sunao Ishiguro Masateru Ootsubo Takafumi et al October 2011 Asteroid Catalog Using Akari AKARI IRC Mid Infrared Asteroid Survey Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63 5 1117 1138 Bibcode 2011PASJ 63 1117U doi 10 1093 pasj 63 5 1117 online AcuA catalog p 153 a b Holliday Bill June 2001 Photometry of Asteroid 251 Sophia 393 Lampetia and 20898 2000 WE147 September 2000 through January 2001 PDF Minor Planet Bulletin 28 2 26 28 Bibcode 2001MPBu 28 26H a b c d e LCDB Data for 251 Sophia Asteroid Lightcurve Database LCDB Retrieved 14 March 2020 a b c Lazzaro D Angeli C A Carvano J M Mothe Diniz T Duffard R Florczak M November 2004 S3OS2 the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids PDF Icarus 172 1 179 220 Bibcode 2004Icar 172 179L doi 10 1016 j icarus 2004 06 006 Retrieved 14 March 2020 a b Carvano J M Hasselmann P H Lazzaro D Mothe Diniz T February 2010 SDSS based taxonomic classification and orbital distribution of main belt asteroids Astronomy and Astrophysics 510 12 Bibcode 2010A amp A 510A 43C doi 10 1051 0004 6361 200913322 Retrieved 14 March 2020 PDS data set Behrend Raoul Asteroids and comets rotation curves 251 Sophia Geneva Observatory Retrieved 14 March 2020 Durech J Hanus J Ali Lagoa V September 2018 Asteroid models reconstructed from the Lowell Photometric Database and WISE data Astronomy and Astrophysics 617 A57 arXiv 1807 02083 Bibcode 2018A amp A 617A 57D doi 10 1051 0004 6361 201833437 ISSN 0004 6361 Hanus J Delbo M Ali Lagoa V Bolin B Jedicke R Durech J et al January 2018 Spin states of asteroids in the Eos collisional family Icarus 299 84 96 arXiv 1707 05507 Bibcode 2018Icar 299 84H doi 10 1016 j icarus 2017 07 007 ISSN 0019 1035 External links EditLightcurve Database Query LCDB at www minorplanet info Dictionary of Minor Planet Names Google books Asteroids and comets rotation curves CdR Geneva Observatory Raoul Behrend Discovery Circumstances Numbered Minor Planets 1 5000 Minor Planet Center 251 Sophia at AstDyS 2 Asteroids Dynamic Site Ephemeris Observation prediction Orbital info Proper elements Observational info 251 Sophia at the JPL Small Body Database Close approach Discovery Ephemeris Orbit diagram Orbital elements Physical parameters Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 251 Sophia amp oldid 1139411771, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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