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1970 in spaceflight

March 04, 2023

Japan and China each launched their first satellites in 1970, bringing the total number of nations with independent launch capability to five.

1970 in spaceflight
Orbital launches
First11 February
Last12 December
Successes124
Failures10
Catalogued114
National firsts
Satellite Japan
 China
Orbital launch Japan
 China

Apollo 13 was launched; after suffering an explosion in deep space it had to circumnavigate the moon and use the LM as a life boat. Apollo 13 was a successful disaster in which the crew survived. The Soviet space program continued its Luna program with Luna 17, which delivered the robotic Lunokhod 1 rover to the lunar surface, and Luna 16, which achieved the first uncrewed lunar sample return. The Soviets also continued the success of the Venera Venus probes with Venera 7, the first man-made spacecraft to successfully land on another planet and to transmit data back to Earth, though it only survived 23 minutes on the surface.

Launches

This is a list of spaceflights launched in 1970.

Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat) 		Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks

February

11 February   Lambda-4S   Kagoshima   Japan
  Ohsumi Tokyo University Low Earth Technology 2 August 2003 Successful
First satellite launched by Japan

March

3 March
21:15 		  Black Arrow   Woomera   RAE
RAE Low Earth Test LV In orbit Successful

April

11 April
19:13 		  Saturn V (C-5)   Kennedy LC-39A   NASA
  Apollo 13 CSM Odyssey NASA Intended: Lunar orbit
Actual: Lunar free return 		Crewed lunar orbit. 15 April 1970 Failure
  Apollo 13 LM Aquarius NASA Intended: Lunar landing
Actual: Lunar free return 		Crewed lunar landing 15 April 1970 Failure
Explosion in Service Module crippled spacecraft, resulting in mission abort. Mission aborted due to CSM malfunction. LM used to help bring crew back to Earth.
24 April   Long March 1 Rocket   Jiuquan   PRC
  Dong Fang Hong I PRC Low Earth Test satellite In orbit Successful
First satellite launched by China

June

1 June
19:00 		  Soyuz (R-7/A-2)   Baikonur Site 1   RVSN
  Soyuz 9 RVSN Low Earth Crewed Orbital Spaceflight 19 June 1970
11:58		 Successful
Longest Crewed flight involving only one spacecraft. (As of 09/06/06)
1 June
19:00 		  Black Arrow   Woomera   RAE
  Orba RAE Low Earth Micrometeoroid detection satellite In orbit Failure
First British attempt to launch a satellite. Failed to reach orbit after premature 2nd stage cutout.

September

12 September
13:25 		  Proton-K/D   Baikonur 81/23  
Luna 16 Selenocentric Lunar lander 24 September Successful
First uncrewed lunar sample return, first Soviet lunar sample return

October

20 October
19:55 		  Proton-K/D   Baikonur 81/23  
Zond 8 Highly elliptical Spacecraft test In orbit Successful
Final circumlunar flight of the Zond program.

December

12 December
10:54 		  Scout B   San Marco mobile range, Kenya   CNR
  Uhuru NASA Low Earth X-ray astronomy 5 April 1979 Successful
First satellite dedicated to X-ray astronomy.

Launches from the Moon

Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat) 		Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks
21 September
7:43 		  Luna 16 Ascent stage Mare Fecunditatis (Luna)
  Luna 16 Return capsule   Highly elliptical Sample return 24 September 1970 Successful
First uncrewed lunar sample return mission

Deep Space Rendezvous

Date (GMT) Spacecraft Event Remarks
11 April 1970 Apollo 13 S-IVB stage Impacted the Moon
15 April Apollo 13 Lunar flyby at 254 kilometres (158 mi) Intended lunar landing, forced to abort and return to Earth using lunar free return trajectory
20 September Luna 16 100gm from Mare Fecunditatis First sample return mission
24 October Zond 8 Circumlunar flight of the Moon 1,110 kilometres (690 mi)
17 November Luna 17 Delivered Lunokhod 1 at Mare Imbrium First robotic Lunar rover
15 December Venera 7 Atmospheric probe worked for 23 min on the Venerian surface First soft landing on another planet

References

Generic references:

  Spaceflight portal
  • Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
  • Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
  • Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.
  • Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
  • Kyle, Ed. . Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  • McDowell, Jonathan. "Jonathan's Space Report".
  • Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
  • Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
  • Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
  • Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
  • "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
  • "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
  • "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
  • "Space Information Center". JAXA.
  • "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).

Footnotes


March 04, 2023
1970, spaceflight, japan, china, each, launched, their, first, satellites, 1970, bringing, total, number, nations, with, independent, launch, capability, five, orbital, launchesfirst11, februarylast12, decembersuccesses124failures10catalogued114national, first. Japan and China each launched their first satellites in 1970 bringing the total number of nations with independent launch capability to five 1970 in spaceflightOrbital launchesFirst11 FebruaryLast12 DecemberSuccesses124Failures10Catalogued114National firstsSatellite Japan ChinaOrbital launch Japan Chinavte Apollo 13 was launched after suffering an explosion in deep space it had to circumnavigate the moon and use the LM as a life boat Apollo 13 was a successful disaster in which the crew survived The Soviet space program continued its Luna program with Luna 17 which delivered the robotic Lunokhod 1 rover to the lunar surface and Luna 16 which achieved the first uncrewed lunar sample return The Soviets also continued the success of the Venera Venus probes with Venera 7 the first man made spacecraft to successfully land on another planet and to transmit data back to Earth though it only survived 23 minutes on the surface Contents 1 Launches 1 1 February 1 2 March 1 3 April 1 4 June 1 5 September 1 6 October 1 7 December 2 Launches from the Moon 3 Deep Space Rendezvous 4 References 4 1 FootnotesLaunches EditThis is a list of spaceflights launched in 1970 This list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items August 2008 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Date and time UTC Rocket Flight number Launch site LSPPayload CubeSat Operator Orbit Function Decay UTC OutcomeRemarksFebruary Edit11 February Lambda 4S Kagoshima Japan Ohsumi Tokyo University Low Earth Technology 2 August 2003 SuccessfulFirst satellite launched by JapanMarch Edit3 March 21 15 Black Arrow Woomera RAERAE Low Earth Test LV In orbit SuccessfulApril Edit11 April 19 13 Saturn V C 5 Kennedy LC 39A NASA Apollo 13 CSM Odyssey NASA Intended Lunar orbit Actual Lunar free return Crewed lunar orbit 15 April 1970 Failure Apollo 13 LM Aquarius NASA Intended Lunar landing Actual Lunar free return Crewed lunar landing 15 April 1970 FailureExplosion in Service Module crippled spacecraft resulting in mission abort Mission aborted due to CSM malfunction LM used to help bring crew back to Earth 24 April Long March 1 Rocket Jiuquan PRC Dong Fang Hong I PRC Low Earth Test satellite In orbit SuccessfulFirst satellite launched by ChinaJune Edit1 June 19 00 Soyuz R 7 A 2 Baikonur Site 1 RVSN Soyuz 9 RVSN Low Earth Crewed Orbital Spaceflight 19 June 1970 11 58 SuccessfulLongest Crewed flight involving only one spacecraft As of 09 06 06 1 June 19 00 Black Arrow Woomera RAE Orba RAE Low Earth Micrometeoroid detection satellite In orbit FailureFirst British attempt to launch a satellite Failed to reach orbit after premature 2nd stage cutout September Edit12 September 13 25 Proton K D Baikonur 81 23 Luna 16 Selenocentric Lunar lander 24 September SuccessfulFirst uncrewed lunar sample return first Soviet lunar sample returnOctober Edit20 October 19 55 Proton K D Baikonur 81 23 Zond 8 Highly elliptical Spacecraft test In orbit SuccessfulFinal circumlunar flight of the Zond program December Edit12 December 10 54 Scout B San Marco mobile range Kenya CNR Uhuru NASA Low Earth X ray astronomy 5 April 1979 SuccessfulFirst satellite dedicated to X ray astronomy Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Launches from the Moon EditDate and time UTC Rocket Flight number Launch site LSPPayload CubeSat Operator Orbit Function Decay UTC OutcomeRemarks21 September 7 43 Luna 16 Ascent stage Mare Fecunditatis Luna Luna 16 Return capsule Highly elliptical Sample return 24 September 1970 SuccessfulFirst uncrewed lunar sample return missionDeep Space Rendezvous EditDate GMT Spacecraft Event Remarks11 April 1970 Apollo 13 S IVB stage Impacted the Moon15 April Apollo 13 Lunar flyby at 254 kilometres 158 mi Intended lunar landing forced to abort and return to Earth using lunar free return trajectory20 September Luna 16 100gm from Mare Fecunditatis First sample return mission24 October Zond 8 Circumlunar flight of the Moon 1 110 kilometres 690 mi 17 November Luna 17 Delivered Lunokhod 1 at Mare Imbrium First robotic Lunar rover15 December Venera 7 Atmospheric probe worked for 23 min on the Venerian surface First soft landing on another planetReferences EditGeneric references viewtalkedit Spaceflight portal Bergin Chris NASASpaceFlight com Clark Stephen Spaceflight Now Kelso T S Satellite Catalog SATCAT CelesTrak Krebs Gunter Chronology of Space Launches Kyle Ed Space Launch Report Archived from the original on 5 October 2009 Retrieved 13 August 2022 McDowell Jonathan Jonathan s Space Report Pietrobon Steven Steven Pietrobon s Space Archive Wade Mark Encyclopedia Astronautica Webb Brian Southwest Space Archive Zak Anatoly Russian Space Web ISS Calendar Spaceflight 101 NSSDCA Master Catalog NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Space Calendar NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Space Information Center JAXA Hronika osvoeniya kosmosa Chronicle of space exploration CosmoWorld in Russian Footnotes Edit This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations March 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1970 in spaceflight amp oldid 1130348709, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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