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1953 Individual Speedway World Championship

The 1953 Individual Speedway World Championship was the eighth edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Welshman Freddie Williams became the second rider to win a second title in front of a 90,000 attendance at Wembley Stadium. Williams won 4 of his 5 races, only dropping one point in heat 13 to Jeff Lloyd. Geoff Mardon defeated Olle Nygren in the bronze medal ride off.[7]

Qualification edit

Qualification started on 1952.[8][9]

Stage 1 edit

Norwegian round edit

Pos. Rider Points
1 Basse Hveem 14+3
2 Henry Andersen 14+2
3 Reidar Kristoffersen 13
4 Sverre Gjomesli 11
5 Werner Lorentzen 10
6 Thorleif Andreassen 10
7 Erik Storm Larsen 10
8 Rolf Naess 6
9 Oddvan Gundersgaard 5
10 Edvin Fredriksen 5
11 Erling Simonsen 4
12 Odd Johansen 4
13 Magne Flaaten 3
14 Gunnar Hilsen 2
15 Karl Andreassen 1
16 Olgar Torholen 1

Swedish round edit

Pos. Rider Points
1 Stig Pramberg 12
2 Olle Segerström 11
3 Olle Nygren 11
4 Dan Forsberg 10
5 Rune Sörmander 10
6 Sune Karlsson 9
7 Bert Lindarw 8
8 Thorsten Carlsson 8
9 Joel Jansson 8
10 Bertil Carlsson II 7
11 Ove Fundin 6
12 Ove Bodin 4
13 Göte Olsson 4
14 Bernt Nilsson 4
15 Sven Skoglund 3
16 Evert Andersson 3
17 Gunnar Hellqvist 2

Stage 2 edit

Continental qualifier edit

Pos. Rider Points
1   Josef Kamper 15
2   Kjell Carlsson 13
3   Fritz Dirtl 12
4   Sven Skoglund 11
5   Karl Killmeyer 10
6   Albin Siegl 9
7   Tony Kroeze 9
8   Josef Hofmeister 8
9   Wilf Plant 5
10   Fred Aberl 5
11   Gerit Jonker 5
12   Jack Winstanley 5
13   Karl Kiendl 4
14   Co Boef 4
15   Walter Dirtl 3
16   Leopold Killmeyer 2
17   Alfred Hamberger 1
18   Hans Müller 0

Nordic Final edit

Pos. Rider Points
1   Dan Forsberg 15
2   Basse Hveem 14
3   Olle Nygren 11
4   Olle Segerström 10
5   Henry Andersen 10
6   Rune Sörmander 9
7   Thorsten Carlsson 9
8   Stig Pramberg 9
9   Sune Karlsson 7
10   Leif Bech 7
11   Reidar Kristoffersen 7
12   Bert Lindarw 5
13   Thorleif Andreasen 3
14   Joel Jansson 3
15   Kaukko Jousanen 1
16   Simo Ylänen 0
17   Kiehn Berthelsen 0

Stage 3 edit

Continental Final edit

Pos. Rider Points
1   Basse Hveem 15
2   Olle Nygren 13
3   Dan Forsberg 12
4   Sune Karlsson 12
5   Rune Sörmander 10
6   Olle Segerström 9
7   Phil Clarke 9
8   Stig Pramberg 8
9   Thorsten Carlsson 7
10   Henry Andersen 6
11   Karl Killmeyer 6
12   Kjell Carlsson 4
13   Josef Kamper 3
14   Bob Roger 3
15   Fritz Dirtl 2
16   Sven Skoglund 1
17   Albin Siegl dnr

British qualifying round edit

  • The top riders qualify for the International round.
Date Venue Winner
26 May Banister Court Stadium Maury Mattingley
26 May Cornish Stadium Goog Hoskin
28 May Oxford Stadium Jim Boyd
29 May Pennycross Stadium Harold Fairhurst
30 May Rayleigh Weir Stadium Peter Clark

Stage 4 edit

International round edit

  • The top 54 riders qualify for the Championship round.
Date Venue Winner
6 July Stanley Stadium Tommy Miller
6 July Wimborne Road Basse Hveem
7 July Yarmouth Stadium Fred Brand
8 July White City Stadium, Glasgow Tommy Miller
10 July Leicester Stadium Olle Nygren
10 July The Stadium, Motherwell Ron Mountford
11 July Brandon Stadium Charlie New
11 July Sun Street Stadium Brian Crutcher
18 July Old Meadowbank Don Cuppleditch
24 July Monmore Green Stadium Harry Bastable

Stage 5 edit

Championship Round edit

  • Top 16 qualify for World final, 17th-20th reserves for World final
Date Venue Winner
14 August Knowle Stadium Dick Bradley
15 August Harringay Stadium Olle Nygren
17 August Wimbledon Stadium Ronnie Moore
18 August West Ham Stadium Jack Young
20 August Wembley Stadium Jack Biggs
22 August Hyde Road Stadium Ronnie Moore
22 August Odsal Stadium Arthur Forrest
26 August Perry Barr Stadium Graham Warren
28 August The Firs Stadium Aub Lawson

Scores edit

  • Top 16 qualify for World final, 17th-20th reserves for World final
Pos. Rider Total pts
1   Ronnie Moore 29
2   Olle Nygren 28
3   Jack Young 27
4   Arthur Forrest 26
5   Jack Biggs 25
6   Dick Bradley 25
7   Freddie Williams 25
8   Aub Lawson 25
9   Alan Hunt 25
10   Jeff Lloyd 24
11   Split Waterman 24
12   Eric Williams 24
13   Geoff Mardon 24
14   Brian Crutcher 23
15   Rune Sörmander 23
16   Graham Warren 23
17   Dent Oliver 23
18   Arthur Payne 22
19   Louis Lawson 21
20   Maury Dunn 21
21   Wally Green 20
22   Len Williams 20
23   Ron How 19
24   Ken Walsh 19
25   Harry Edwards 18
26   Howdy Byford 18
27   Don Cuppleditch 17
28   Billy Hole 17
29   Tommy Miller 16
30   Ron Johnston 16
31   Bill Kitchen 16
32   Dan Forsberg 14
33   Dick Seers 14
34   Fred Brand 14
35   Eric Boothroyd 14
36   Charlie New 13
Pos. Rider Total pts
37   Bob Fletcher 13
38   Ken Middleditch 13
39   Peter Moore 12
40   Bob Mark 11
41   Jack Parker 11
42   Ron Clarke 11
43   Terry Small 11
44   John Reason 11
45   Harry Bastable 11
46   Jim Tolley 11
47   Olle Segerström 11
48   Stig Pramberg 11
49   Peter Clark 10
50   Harry Welsh 10
51   Ken McKinlay 9
52   Fred Rogers 9
53   Les Hewitt 8
54   Sune Karlsson 8
55   Reg Reeves 7
56   Phil Clarke 7
57   Charlie May 7
58   Barry Briggs 6
59   Geoff Pymar 6
60   Peter Robinson 6
61   Malcolm Craven 6
62   Trevor Redmond 5.5
63   Pat Clark 5
64   Bill Holden 4
65   Alan Kidd 3
66   Don Potter 3
67   Ron Mountford 3
68   Basse Hveem 3
69   Dick Campbell 2
70   Bob Baker 2
71   Gordon McGregor 2

World final edit

Pos. Rider Heat Scores Total
1   Freddie Williams (3,3,3,2,3) 14
2   Split Waterman (3,3,3,3,1) 13
3   Geoff Mardon (3,2,3,1,3) 12+3
4   Olle Nygren (2,3,2,3,2) 12+2
5   Jack Young (3,2,3,2,F) 10
6   Ronnie Moore (F,1,2,3,3) 9
7   Jeff Lloyd (2,2,F,3,1) 8
8   Arthur Forrest (2,2,0,0,3) 7
9   Aub Lawson (1,3,2,1,0) 7
10   Brian Crutcher (1,1,1,2,1) 6
11   Rune Sörmander (0,0,1,2,2) 5
12   Graham Warren (0,0,2,1,2) 5
13   Eric Williams (1,1,1,1,F) 4
14   Alan Hunt (0,0,1,0,2) 3
15   Dick Bradley (2,F,0,0,0) 2
16   Jack Biggs (1,1,0,0,-) 2
R1   Dent Oliver (1) 1
R2   Arthur Payne did not ride -

Classification edit

Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos
1   (1) Freddie Williams 14 3 3 3 2 3 14 1
2   (10) Split Waterman 13 3 3 3 3 1 13 2
3   (14) Geoff Mardon 12+3 3 2 3 1 3 12 3
4   (15) Olle Nygren 12+2 2 3 2 3 2 12 4
5   (5) Jack Young 10 3 2 3 2 - 10 5
6   (13) Ronnie Moore 9 - 1 2 3 3 7 6
7   (12) Jeff Lloyd 9 2 2 - 3 1 2 7
8   (7) Arthur Forrest 7 2 2 0 0 3 7 8
9   (8) Aub Lawson 7 1 3 2 1 0 7 9
10   (2) Brian Crutcher 6 1 1 1 2 1 6 10
11   (4) Rune Sörmander 5 0 0 1 2 2 5 11
12   (6) Graham Warren 5 0 0 2 1 2 5 12
13   (16) Eric Williams 4 1 1 1 1 - 4 13
14   (9) Alan Hunt 3 0 0 1 0 2 3 14
15   (3) Dick Bradley 2 2 - 0 0 0 2 15
16   (11) Jack Biggs 2 1 1 0 0 - 2 16
17   (17) Dent Oliver 1 1 1 17
18   (18) Arthur Payne 0 0 18
Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - inside gate B gate C gate D - outside

References edit

  1. ^ Oakes, Peter (1981). 1981 Speedway Yearbook. Studio Publications (Ipswich) Ltd. pp. 20–21. ISBN 0-86215-017-5.
  2. ^ "World Championship 1936-1994". Edinburgh Speedway. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  3. ^ "WORLD FINALS 1936-1994" (PDF). Speedway Researcher. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  4. ^ "HISTORY SPEEDWAY and LONGTRACK". Speedway.org. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  5. ^ "Speedway riders, history and results". wwosbackup. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  6. ^ "WORLD INDIVIDUAL FINAL – RIDER INDEX". British Speedway. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  7. ^ "Fred Williams wind the speed championship". Birmingham Daily Gazette. 18 September 1953. Retrieved 5 July 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  8. ^ "1953 World Championship". Speedway.org. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  9. ^ "1953 World Championship". Metal Speedway. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  10. ^ Bamford, R. & Shailes, G. (2002). A History of the World Speedway Championship. Stroud: Tempus Publishing. ISBN 0-7524-2402-5

1953, individual, speedway, world, championship, previous, 1952, next, 1954, eighth, edition, official, world, championship, determine, world, champion, rider, welshman, freddie, williams, became, second, rider, second, title, front, attendance, wembley, stadi. 1953 Individual Speedway World Championship Previous 1952 Next 1954 The 1953 Individual Speedway World Championship was the eighth edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider 1 2 3 4 5 6 Welshman Freddie Williams became the second rider to win a second title in front of a 90 000 attendance at Wembley Stadium Williams won 4 of his 5 races only dropping one point in heat 13 to Jeff Lloyd Geoff Mardon defeated Olle Nygren in the bronze medal ride off 7 Contents 1 Qualification 1 1 Stage 1 1 1 1 Norwegian round 1 1 2 Swedish round 1 2 Stage 2 1 2 1 Continental qualifier 1 2 2 Nordic Final 1 3 Stage 3 1 3 1 Continental Final 1 3 2 British qualifying round 1 4 Stage 4 1 4 1 International round 1 5 Stage 5 1 5 1 Championship Round 1 5 2 Scores 2 World final 2 1 Classification 3 ReferencesQualification editQualification started on 1952 8 9 Stage 1 edit Norwegian round edit 28 September 1952 nbsp Lerkendal Stadion Trondheim First 3 1 seeded to Nordic round 1953 Pos Rider Points 1 Basse Hveem 14 3 2 Henry Andersen 14 2 3 Reidar Kristoffersen 13 4 Sverre Gjomesli 11 5 Werner Lorentzen 10 6 Thorleif Andreassen 10 7 Erik Storm Larsen 10 8 Rolf Naess 6 9 Oddvan Gundersgaard 5 10 Edvin Fredriksen 5 11 Erling Simonsen 4 12 Odd Johansen 4 13 Magne Flaaten 3 14 Gunnar Hilsen 2 15 Karl Andreassen 1 16 Olgar Torholen 1 Swedish round edit 20 May 1953 nbsp Eslov Motorstadion Eslov First 8 to Nordic final Pos Rider Points 1 Stig Pramberg 12 2 Olle Segerstrom 11 3 Olle Nygren 11 4 Dan Forsberg 10 5 Rune Sormander 10 6 Sune Karlsson 9 7 Bert Lindarw 8 8 Thorsten Carlsson 8 9 Joel Jansson 8 10 Bertil Carlsson II 7 11 Ove Fundin 6 12 Ove Bodin 4 13 Gote Olsson 4 14 Bernt Nilsson 4 15 Sven Skoglund 3 16 Evert Andersson 3 17 Gunnar Hellqvist 2 Stage 2 edit Continental qualifier edit 17 May 1953 nbsp Altes Stadion Abensberg Abensberg First 6 to Continental round Pos Rider Points 1 nbsp Josef Kamper 15 2 nbsp Kjell Carlsson 13 3 nbsp Fritz Dirtl 12 4 nbsp Sven Skoglund 11 5 nbsp Karl Killmeyer 10 6 nbsp Albin Siegl 9 7 nbsp Tony Kroeze 9 8 nbsp Josef Hofmeister 8 9 nbsp Wilf Plant 5 10 nbsp Fred Aberl 5 11 nbsp Gerit Jonker 5 12 nbsp Jack Winstanley 5 13 nbsp Karl Kiendl 4 14 nbsp Co Boef 4 15 nbsp Walter Dirtl 3 16 nbsp Leopold Killmeyer 2 17 nbsp Alfred Hamberger 1 18 nbsp Hans Muller 0 Nordic Final edit 31 May 1953 nbsp Daelenenga idrettspark Oslo First 8 to Continental final Pos Rider Points 1 nbsp Dan Forsberg 15 2 nbsp Basse Hveem 14 3 nbsp Olle Nygren 11 4 nbsp Olle Segerstrom 10 5 nbsp Henry Andersen 10 6 nbsp Rune Sormander 9 7 nbsp Thorsten Carlsson 9 8 nbsp Stig Pramberg 9 9 nbsp Sune Karlsson 7 10 nbsp Leif Bech 7 11 nbsp Reidar Kristoffersen 7 12 nbsp Bert Lindarw 5 13 nbsp Thorleif Andreasen 3 14 nbsp Joel Jansson 3 15 nbsp Kaukko Jousanen 1 16 nbsp Simo Ylanen 0 17 nbsp Kiehn Berthelsen 0 Stage 3 edit Continental Final edit 21 June 1953 nbsp Kumla Motorstadion Kumla First 8 to International Round Pos Rider Points 1 nbsp Basse Hveem 15 2 nbsp Olle Nygren 13 3 nbsp Dan Forsberg 12 4 nbsp Sune Karlsson 12 5 nbsp Rune Sormander 10 6 nbsp Olle Segerstrom 9 7 nbsp Phil Clarke 9 8 nbsp Stig Pramberg 8 9 nbsp Thorsten Carlsson 7 10 nbsp Henry Andersen 6 11 nbsp Karl Killmeyer 6 12 nbsp Kjell Carlsson 4 13 nbsp Josef Kamper 3 14 nbsp Bob Roger 3 15 nbsp Fritz Dirtl 2 16 nbsp Sven Skoglund 1 17 nbsp Albin Siegl dnr British qualifying round edit The top riders qualify for the International round Date Venue Winner 26 May Banister Court Stadium Maury Mattingley 26 May Cornish Stadium Goog Hoskin 28 May Oxford Stadium Jim Boyd 29 May Pennycross Stadium Harold Fairhurst 30 May Rayleigh Weir Stadium Peter Clark Stage 4 edit International round edit The top 54 riders qualify for the Championship round Date Venue Winner 6 July Stanley Stadium Tommy Miller 6 July Wimborne Road Basse Hveem 7 July Yarmouth Stadium Fred Brand 8 July White City Stadium Glasgow Tommy Miller 10 July Leicester Stadium Olle Nygren 10 July The Stadium Motherwell Ron Mountford 11 July Brandon Stadium Charlie New 11 July Sun Street Stadium Brian Crutcher 18 July Old Meadowbank Don Cuppleditch 24 July Monmore Green Stadium Harry Bastable Stage 5 edit Championship Round edit Top 16 qualify for World final 17th 20th reserves for World final Date Venue Winner 14 August Knowle Stadium Dick Bradley 15 August Harringay Stadium Olle Nygren 17 August Wimbledon Stadium Ronnie Moore 18 August West Ham Stadium Jack Young 20 August Wembley Stadium Jack Biggs 22 August Hyde Road Stadium Ronnie Moore 22 August Odsal Stadium Arthur Forrest 26 August Perry Barr Stadium Graham Warren 28 August The Firs Stadium Aub Lawson Scores edit Top 16 qualify for World final 17th 20th reserves for World final Pos Rider Total pts 1 nbsp Ronnie Moore 29 2 nbsp Olle Nygren 28 3 nbsp Jack Young 27 4 nbsp Arthur Forrest 26 5 nbsp Jack Biggs 25 6 nbsp Dick Bradley 25 7 nbsp Freddie Williams 25 8 nbsp Aub Lawson 25 9 nbsp Alan Hunt 25 10 nbsp Jeff Lloyd 24 11 nbsp Split Waterman 24 12 nbsp Eric Williams 24 13 nbsp Geoff Mardon 24 14 nbsp Brian Crutcher 23 15 nbsp Rune Sormander 23 16 nbsp Graham Warren 23 17 nbsp Dent Oliver 23 18 nbsp Arthur Payne 22 19 nbsp Louis Lawson 21 20 nbsp Maury Dunn 21 21 nbsp Wally Green 20 22 nbsp Len Williams 20 23 nbsp Ron How 19 24 nbsp Ken Walsh 19 25 nbsp Harry Edwards 18 26 nbsp Howdy Byford 18 27 nbsp Don Cuppleditch 17 28 nbsp Billy Hole 17 29 nbsp Tommy Miller 16 30 nbsp Ron Johnston 16 31 nbsp Bill Kitchen 16 32 nbsp Dan Forsberg 14 33 nbsp Dick Seers 14 34 nbsp Fred Brand 14 35 nbsp Eric Boothroyd 14 36 nbsp Charlie New 13 Pos Rider Total pts 37 nbsp Bob Fletcher 13 38 nbsp Ken Middleditch 13 39 nbsp Peter Moore 12 40 nbsp Bob Mark 11 41 nbsp Jack Parker 11 42 nbsp Ron Clarke 11 43 nbsp Terry Small 11 44 nbsp John Reason 11 45 nbsp Harry Bastable 11 46 nbsp Jim Tolley 11 47 nbsp Olle Segerstrom 11 48 nbsp Stig Pramberg 11 49 nbsp Peter Clark 10 50 nbsp Harry Welsh 10 51 nbsp Ken McKinlay 9 52 nbsp Fred Rogers 9 53 nbsp Les Hewitt 8 54 nbsp Sune Karlsson 8 55 nbsp Reg Reeves 7 56 nbsp Phil Clarke 7 57 nbsp Charlie May 7 58 nbsp Barry Briggs 6 59 nbsp Geoff Pymar 6 60 nbsp Peter Robinson 6 61 nbsp Malcolm Craven 6 62 nbsp Trevor Redmond 5 5 63 nbsp Pat Clark 5 64 nbsp Bill Holden 4 65 nbsp Alan Kidd 3 66 nbsp Don Potter 3 67 nbsp Ron Mountford 3 68 nbsp Basse Hveem 3 69 nbsp Dick Campbell 2 70 nbsp Bob Baker 2 71 nbsp Gordon McGregor 2World final edit17 September 1953 nbsp London Wembley Stadium 10 Pos Rider Heat Scores Total 1 nbsp Freddie Williams 3 3 3 2 3 14 2 nbsp Split Waterman 3 3 3 3 1 13 3 nbsp Geoff Mardon 3 2 3 1 3 12 3 4 nbsp Olle Nygren 2 3 2 3 2 12 2 5 nbsp Jack Young 3 2 3 2 F 10 6 nbsp Ronnie Moore F 1 2 3 3 9 7 nbsp Jeff Lloyd 2 2 F 3 1 8 8 nbsp Arthur Forrest 2 2 0 0 3 7 9 nbsp Aub Lawson 1 3 2 1 0 7 10 nbsp Brian Crutcher 1 1 1 2 1 6 11 nbsp Rune Sormander 0 0 1 2 2 5 12 nbsp Graham Warren 0 0 2 1 2 5 13 nbsp Eric Williams 1 1 1 1 F 4 14 nbsp Alan Hunt 0 0 1 0 2 3 15 nbsp Dick Bradley 2 F 0 0 0 2 16 nbsp Jack Biggs 1 1 0 0 2 R1 nbsp Dent Oliver 1 1 R2 nbsp Arthur Payne did not ride Classification edit Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 1 nbsp 1 Freddie Williams 14 3 3 3 2 3 14 1 2 nbsp 10 Split Waterman 13 3 3 3 3 1 13 2 3 nbsp 14 Geoff Mardon 12 3 3 2 3 1 3 12 3 4 nbsp 15 Olle Nygren 12 2 2 3 2 3 2 12 4 5 nbsp 5 Jack Young 10 3 2 3 2 10 5 6 nbsp 13 Ronnie Moore 9 1 2 3 3 7 6 7 nbsp 12 Jeff Lloyd 9 2 2 3 1 2 7 8 nbsp 7 Arthur Forrest 7 2 2 0 0 3 7 8 9 nbsp 8 Aub Lawson 7 1 3 2 1 0 7 9 10 nbsp 2 Brian Crutcher 6 1 1 1 2 1 6 10 11 nbsp 4 Rune Sormander 5 0 0 1 2 2 5 11 12 nbsp 6 Graham Warren 5 0 0 2 1 2 5 12 13 nbsp 16 Eric Williams 4 1 1 1 1 4 13 14 nbsp 9 Alan Hunt 3 0 0 1 0 2 3 14 15 nbsp 3 Dick Bradley 2 2 0 0 0 2 15 16 nbsp 11 Jack Biggs 2 1 1 0 0 2 16 17 nbsp 17 Dent Oliver 1 1 1 17 18 nbsp 18 Arthur Payne 0 0 18 Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos m exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance t exclusion for touching the tapes x other exclusion e retired or mechanical failure f fell ns non starter nc non classify gate A inside gate B gate C gate D outsideReferences edit Oakes Peter 1981 1981 Speedway Yearbook Studio Publications Ipswich Ltd pp 20 21 ISBN 0 86215 017 5 World Championship 1936 1994 Edinburgh Speedway Retrieved 5 July 2021 WORLD FINALS 1936 1994 PDF Speedway Researcher Retrieved 5 July 2021 HISTORY SPEEDWAY and LONGTRACK Speedway org Retrieved 5 July 2021 Speedway riders history and results wwosbackup Retrieved 5 July 2021 WORLD INDIVIDUAL FINAL RIDER INDEX British Speedway Retrieved 5 July 2021 Fred Williams wind the speed championship Birmingham Daily Gazette 18 September 1953 Retrieved 5 July 2021 via British Newspaper Archive 1953 World Championship Speedway org Retrieved 13 January 2024 1953 World Championship Metal Speedway Retrieved 13 January 2024 Bamford R amp Shailes G 2002 A History of the World Speedway Championship Stroud Tempus Publishing ISBN 0 7524 2402 5 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1953 Individual Speedway World Championship amp oldid 1211053972, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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