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1953 1000 km of Nürburgring

The 1953 ADAC 1000 Kilometer-Rennen Nürburgring took place on 30 August, on the Nürburgring Nordschleife, (West Germany). It was also the fifth round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. This was the first time the event had taken place, although it would not run again until 1956.

Nürburgring Nordschleife

Report edit

Entry edit

A grand total of 66 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 54 arrived for practice and qualifying. Scuderia Ferrari, under the name of Automobili Ferrari, arrived with three 375 MMs for the all-Italian pairings of Giuseppe Farina / Alberto Ascari and Umberto Maglioli / Piero Carini, with the third car for Luigi Villoresi and Mike Hawthorn. Scuderia Lancia entered two D24s, the first driven by Juan Manuel Fangio, who had switched from Alfa Romeo, and Felice Bonetto, and the second driven by Robert Manzon and Piero Taruffi. . Lancia also entered an older D20 driven by Giovanni Bracco and Eugenio Castellotti. Also from Italy came three works Maserati A6GCSs.[1]

Qualifying edit

The Lancia D24 of Juan Manuel Fangio took pole position, averaging a speed of 83.714 mph around the 14.167 mile circuit. However, following engine problems, the Ferrari 375 MM of Mike Hawthorn and Luigi Villoresi was withdrawn from the meeting and their engine used by the lead car of Alberto Ascari and Giuseppe Farina. The team's third entry was also withdrawn from the meeting.[1][2]

Race edit

A lead Lancias fell out of contention by lap 15, but then the factory efforts and the bigger privateers began to run into trouble. Although two of the three works Ferraris were withdrawn prior to the start of the race, Scuderia victory was never seriously threatened despite the first three cars were all being one same lap as the race winners, Ascari / Farina.

For the second round running, the Scottish Ecurie Ecosse finished second overall. The pairing of Ian Stewart and Roy Salvadori were over 15 minutes behind the Ferrari, but still won their class by three laps. Almost 30 minutes behind the winner, Adolf Brudes and Franz Eugen Hammernick reached the finish in their Borgward Hansa 1500RS in third place overall. The other works Borgward of Karl Guenther Bechem / Theo Helfrich had taken the car up to third place before retiring with an engine failure. The last two classified finishers were two Gutbrod Superiors with a 700cc two-stroke engine. They were seven laps behind the Ferrari.

The winning partnership of Ascari/Farina won in a time of 8hr 20:44.0mins., averaging a speed of 74.694 mph. They covered a distance of 2,281.182 miles. The race did not end when the overall winner crossed the finishing line, but continued for another hour to allow the other classes to try and complete the full 1000 km.[1][2]

Official Classification edit

Class Winners are in Bold text.

Pos No Class Driver Entrant Chassis Laps Reason Out
1st 1 S+2.0   Alberto Ascari   Giuseppe Farina Automobili Ferrari Ferrari 375 MM Vignale Spyder 8hrs 20:44.000, 44
2nd 53 ser.S+2.0   Ian Stewart   Roy Salvadori Ecurie Ecosse Jaguar C-Type 8hrs 35:49.000, 44
3rd 37 S1.5   Adolf Brudes   Franz Hammernick Borgward GmbH Borgward Hansa 1500 RS 8hrs 50:33.000, 44
4th 39 S1.5   Richard Trenkel   Walter Schlüter Richard Trenkel Glöckler-Porsche Nr.5 43
5th 26 S2.0   Wolfgang Seidel   Josef Peters Wolfgang Seidel Veritas Comet RS 9hrs 25:17.000, 43
6th 54 ser.S+2.0   Jimmy Stewart   Jock Lawrence Ecurie Ecosse Jaguar C-Type 41
7th 33 S1.5   Gaetano Sani   Piero Carini San Giorgio Osca MT4 1100 42
8th 34 S1.5   Armando François   Erwin Bauer San Giorgio Osca MT4 1100 41
9th 50 ser.S+2.0   Riccardo Vignolo   Maurice Gatsonides Roberto Rossellini Ferrari 212 Inter 40
10th 52T ser.S+2.0   James Scott Douglas   Ninian Sanderson Ecurie Ecosse Jaguar XK120 40
11th 67 ser.S2.0   Mike Currie   Don Beauman Michael L. Currie Fraser Nash Le Mans Replica 9hrs 53:39.000, 44
12th 61 ser.S2.0   Paul Metternich   Wittigo Einsiedel Gustav Wirth Porsche 356 1500 10hrs 01:59.000, 44
13th 80 ser.S1.3   Hans Leo von Hoesch   Werner Engel Hans Leo von Hoesch Porsche 356 1100 10hrs 01:19.000, 44
14th 86 ser.S1.3   Rolf-Friedrich Gőtze   William Godsey Rolf-Friedrich Gőtze Porsche 356 1100 10hrs 02:14.000, 44
15th 62 ser.S2.0   Mathieu Hezemans   Jacques van der Meulen NAV Porsche 356 1500 10hrs 00:37.000, 44
16th 23 S2.0   Alan Brown   José M. Faraoni Equipe Anglaise Cooper-Bristol T20 Sports 40
17th 85 ser.S1.3   Ernst van Husen   Walter Scheube Ernst van Husen Porsche 356 1100 43
18th 87 ser.S1.3   Fernand Georges   “Chenevoy” Fernand Georges Porsche 356 1100 42
19th 32 S1.5   Jim Mayers   Pat Griffith Monkey Stable Keift-MG 41
20th 56 ser.S+2.0   Kasimir Olislaegers   Charles de Keerle Kasimir Olislaegers Jaguar C-Type 35
21st 92 ser.S750   Helmut Glöckler   Hendrik Beckers Helmut Glöckler Renault 4CV/1063 10hrs 29:05.000, 41
22nd 90 ser.S750   Georges Trouis   Jacques Blanchet Georges Trouis Panhard Dyna Junior 41
23rd 43 S750   Walter Komossa   Kurt Arnold Rosterg Scampolo – DKW 10hrs 32:49.000, 40
24th 66 ser.S2.0   Bruno Martignoni   Sergio Mantovani Bruno Marignoli Alfa Romeo 1900 35
25th 93 ser.S750   Erich Kramwinkel   Klaus Krämer Kramwinkel Gutbrod Special 37
26th 94 ser.S750   Heinz Lindermann   Hein Krings Heinz Lindermann Gutbrod Special 37
NC 41 S750   Louis Bizeray   Mme. Bizeray Nantes Renault 4CV Special 36
DNF 20 S2.0   Emilio Giletti   Onofre Marimón Scuderia Maserati Maserati A6GCS 41 Engine
DNF 6 S+2.0   Robert Manzon   Piero Tariffi Scuderia Lancia Lancia D24 15 Battery
DNF 5 S+2.0   Juan Manuel Fangio   Felice Bonetto Scuderia Lancia Lancia D24 9 Fuel Pump
DNF 60 ser.S2.0   Richard von Frankenberg   Walter Ringgenberg Walter Ringgenberg Porsche 356 1500 2 Accident
DNF 7 S+2.0   Giovanni Bracco   Eugenio Castellotti Scuderia Lancia Lancia D20 Electrics
DNF 21 S2.0   Hans Herrmann   Jack McAfee Scuderia Maserati Maserati A6GCS Coupé Oil line
DNF 22 S2.0   Gianni Bertoni   Herrmann Lang Scuderia Maserati Maserati A6GCS Engine
DNF 25 S2.0   Johannes Westhof   Klaas Barendragt Johannes Westhof Veritas Scorpion Starter
DNF 29 S   Hanns Roth   Fritz Kasper Hanns Roth AFM 49 Intertyp Küchen Engine
DNF 30 S1.5   Mike Keen   Michael Pope Monkey Stable Keift-MG Hub
DNF 31 S1.5   Tommy Line   Mike Llewellyn Monkey Stable Keift-MG Engine
DNF 35 S1.5   Francesco Giardini   Heinrich Sauter San Giorgio Osca MT4 1100 Gearbox
DNF 36 S1.5   David Blakely   Lionel Leonard Lionel Leonard Leonard-MG Steering arm
DNF 38 S1.5   Karl-Günther Bechem   Theo Helfrich Borgward GmbH Borgward Hansa 1500 RS Engine
DNF 51 ser.S+2.0   Toni Ulmen   Herman Roosdorp Herman Roosdorp Jaguar C-Type Accident
DNF 55 ser.S+2.0   Olivier Gendebien   Roger Laurent Ecurie Francorchamps Jaguar C-Type Piston
DISQ 63 ser.S1.5   Elyane Imbert   Simone des Forest Elyane Imbert Porsche 356 1500 Assistance
DNF 64 ser.S1.5   Arthur Heuberger   Ernst Seiler Arthur Heuberger Porsche 356 1500 Accident
DISQ 65 ser.S1.5   Heinz Friederichs   Horst Lauprecht Heinz Friedrichs Porsche 356 1500 Assistance
DNF 68 ser.S1.5   Kurt Zeller   Walter Zeller Kurt Zeller Ferrari 166 MM Out of fuel
DNF 81 ser.S1.3   Adolf Vianden   Harry Merkel Adolf Vianden Porsche 356 1100 Engine
DNF 83 ser.S1.3   Albrecht W. Mantzel   Rolf Madaus Albrecht W. Mantzel Porsche 356 1100 Engine
DNF 84 ser.S1.3   Franz Eugen Kesselstatt   Bernt Spiegel Walter Glöckler Porsche 356 1100 Accident
DNS 2 S+2.0   Mike Hawthorn   Giuseppe Farina
  Alberto Ascari
Automobili Ferrari Ferrari 375 MM Vignale Spyder Engine to car no.1
DNS 3 S+2.0   Umberto Maglioli   Piero Carini Automobili Ferrari Ferrari 375 MM Vignale Spyder Withdrawn
DNS 25 S2.0   Ernst Lautenschlager   Heinz Fischer Ernst Lautenschlager Veritas Comet RS
DNS 52 ser.S+2.0   James Scott Douglas   Ninian Sanderson Ecurie Ecosse Jaguar C-Type Accident

[2][3][4]

Class Winners edit

Class Winners
Sports +2.0 1 Ferrari 375 MM Vignale Spyder Ascari / Farina
Sports 2.0 26 Veritas Comet RS Seidel / Peters
Sports 1.5 37 Borgward Hansa 1500 RS Brudes / Hammernick
Sports 750 43 Scampolo-DKW Komossa / Arnold
Serie Sports +2.0 53 Jaguar C-Type Stewart / Salvadori
Serie Sports 2.0 67 Frazer Nash Le Mans Replica Currie / Beauman
Serie Sports 1.3 80 Porsche 356 1100 von Hoesch / Engel
Serie Sports 750 92 Renault 4CV/1063 Glöckler / Beckers

[6]

Standings after the race edit

Pos Championship Points
1   Ferrari 26 (27)
2   Jaguar 24
3   Cunningham 12
4   Aston Martin 8
5   Alfa Romeo 6
  • Note: Only the top five positions are included in this set of standings.

Championship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 7 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c "Nürburgring 1000 Kilometres 1953 - Entry List". Racing Sports Cars. 1953-08-30. Retrieved 2014-06-24.
  2. ^ a b c d . Teamdan.com. 1953-08-30. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2014-06-24.
  3. ^ . Wsrp.ic.cz. Archived from the original on 2014-08-09. Retrieved 2014-06-24.
  4. ^ "Nürburgring 1000 Kilometres 1953 - Race Results - Racing Sports Cars".
  5. ^ "Nurburgring-1953-08-30.html".[permanent dead link]
  6. ^ "Nürburgring 1000 Kilometres 1953". Racing Sports Cars. 1953-08-30. Retrieved 2014-06-24.


1953, 1000, nürburgring, 1953, adac, 1000, kilometer, rennen, nürburgring, took, place, august, nürburgring, nordschleife, west, germany, also, fifth, round, world, sports, championship, this, first, time, event, taken, place, although, would, again, until, 19. The 1953 ADAC 1000 Kilometer Rennen Nurburgring took place on 30 August on the Nurburgring Nordschleife West Germany It was also the fifth round of the F I A World Sports Car Championship This was the first time the event had taken place although it would not run again until 1956 Nurburgring NordschleifeContents 1 Report 1 1 Entry 1 2 Qualifying 1 3 Race 2 Official Classification 2 1 Class Winners 3 Standings after the race 4 ReferencesReport editEntry edit A grand total of 66 racing cars were registered for this event of which 54 arrived for practice and qualifying Scuderia Ferrari under the name of Automobili Ferrari arrived with three 375 MMs for the all Italian pairings of Giuseppe Farina Alberto Ascari and Umberto Maglioli Piero Carini with the third car for Luigi Villoresi and Mike Hawthorn Scuderia Lancia entered two D24s the first driven by Juan Manuel Fangio who had switched from Alfa Romeo and Felice Bonetto and the second driven by Robert Manzon and Piero Taruffi Lancia also entered an older D20 driven by Giovanni Bracco and Eugenio Castellotti Also from Italy came three works Maserati A6GCSs 1 Qualifying edit The Lancia D24 of Juan Manuel Fangio took pole position averaging a speed of 83 714 mph around the 14 167 mile circuit However following engine problems the Ferrari 375 MM of Mike Hawthorn and Luigi Villoresi was withdrawn from the meeting and their engine used by the lead car of Alberto Ascari and Giuseppe Farina The team s third entry was also withdrawn from the meeting 1 2 Race edit A lead Lancias fell out of contention by lap 15 but then the factory efforts and the bigger privateers began to run into trouble Although two of the three works Ferraris were withdrawn prior to the start of the race Scuderia victory was never seriously threatened despite the first three cars were all being one same lap as the race winners Ascari Farina For the second round running the Scottish Ecurie Ecosse finished second overall The pairing of Ian Stewart and Roy Salvadori were over 15 minutes behind the Ferrari but still won their class by three laps Almost 30 minutes behind the winner Adolf Brudes and Franz Eugen Hammernick reached the finish in their Borgward Hansa 1500RS in third place overall The other works Borgward of Karl Guenther Bechem Theo Helfrich had taken the car up to third place before retiring with an engine failure The last two classified finishers were two Gutbrod Superiors with a 700cc two stroke engine They were seven laps behind the Ferrari The winning partnership of Ascari Farina won in a time of 8hr 20 44 0mins averaging a speed of 74 694 mph They covered a distance of 2 281 182 miles The race did not end when the overall winner crossed the finishing line but continued for another hour to allow the other classes to try and complete the full 1000 km 1 2 Official Classification editClass Winners are in Bold text Pos No Class Driver Entrant Chassis Laps Reason Out1st 1 S 2 0 nbsp Alberto Ascari nbsp Giuseppe Farina Automobili Ferrari Ferrari 375 MM Vignale Spyder 8hrs 20 44 000 442nd 53 ser S 2 0 nbsp Ian Stewart nbsp Roy Salvadori Ecurie Ecosse Jaguar C Type 8hrs 35 49 000 443rd 37 S1 5 nbsp Adolf Brudes nbsp Franz Hammernick Borgward GmbH Borgward Hansa 1500 RS 8hrs 50 33 000 444th 39 S1 5 nbsp Richard Trenkel nbsp Walter Schluter Richard Trenkel Glockler Porsche Nr 5 435th 26 S2 0 nbsp Wolfgang Seidel nbsp Josef Peters Wolfgang Seidel Veritas Comet RS 9hrs 25 17 000 436th 54 ser S 2 0 nbsp Jimmy Stewart nbsp Jock Lawrence Ecurie Ecosse Jaguar C Type 417th 33 S1 5 nbsp Gaetano Sani nbsp Piero Carini San Giorgio Osca MT4 1100 428th 34 S1 5 nbsp Armando Francois nbsp Erwin Bauer San Giorgio Osca MT4 1100 419th 50 ser S 2 0 nbsp Riccardo Vignolo nbsp Maurice Gatsonides Roberto Rossellini Ferrari 212 Inter 4010th 52T ser S 2 0 nbsp James Scott Douglas nbsp Ninian Sanderson Ecurie Ecosse Jaguar XK120 4011th 67 ser S2 0 nbsp Mike Currie nbsp Don Beauman Michael L Currie Fraser Nash Le Mans Replica 9hrs 53 39 000 4412th 61 ser S2 0 nbsp Paul Metternich nbsp Wittigo Einsiedel Gustav Wirth Porsche 356 1500 10hrs 01 59 000 4413th 80 ser S1 3 nbsp Hans Leo von Hoesch nbsp Werner Engel Hans Leo von Hoesch Porsche 356 1100 10hrs 01 19 000 4414th 86 ser S1 3 nbsp Rolf Friedrich Gotze nbsp William Godsey Rolf Friedrich Gotze Porsche 356 1100 10hrs 02 14 000 4415th 62 ser S2 0 nbsp Mathieu Hezemans nbsp Jacques van der Meulen NAV Porsche 356 1500 10hrs 00 37 000 4416th 23 S2 0 nbsp Alan Brown nbsp Jose M Faraoni Equipe Anglaise Cooper Bristol T20 Sports 4017th 85 ser S1 3 nbsp Ernst van Husen nbsp Walter Scheube Ernst van Husen Porsche 356 1100 4318th 87 ser S1 3 nbsp Fernand Georges nbsp Chenevoy Fernand Georges Porsche 356 1100 4219th 32 S1 5 nbsp Jim Mayers nbsp Pat Griffith Monkey Stable Keift MG 4120th 56 ser S 2 0 nbsp Kasimir Olislaegers nbsp Charles de Keerle Kasimir Olislaegers Jaguar C Type 3521st 92 ser S750 nbsp Helmut Glockler nbsp Hendrik Beckers Helmut Glockler Renault 4CV 1063 10hrs 29 05 000 4122nd 90 ser S750 nbsp Georges Trouis nbsp Jacques Blanchet Georges Trouis Panhard Dyna Junior 4123rd 43 S750 nbsp Walter Komossa nbsp Kurt Arnold Rosterg Scampolo DKW 10hrs 32 49 000 4024th 66 ser S2 0 nbsp Bruno Martignoni nbsp Sergio Mantovani Bruno Marignoli Alfa Romeo 1900 3525th 93 ser S750 nbsp Erich Kramwinkel nbsp Klaus Kramer Kramwinkel Gutbrod Special 3726th 94 ser S750 nbsp Heinz Lindermann nbsp Hein Krings Heinz Lindermann Gutbrod Special 37NC 41 S750 nbsp Louis Bizeray nbsp Mme Bizeray Nantes Renault 4CV Special 36DNF 20 S2 0 nbsp Emilio Giletti nbsp Onofre Marimon Scuderia Maserati Maserati A6GCS 41 EngineDNF 6 S 2 0 nbsp Robert Manzon nbsp Piero Tariffi Scuderia Lancia Lancia D24 15 BatteryDNF 5 S 2 0 nbsp Juan Manuel Fangio nbsp Felice Bonetto Scuderia Lancia Lancia D24 9 Fuel PumpDNF 60 ser S2 0 nbsp Richard von Frankenberg nbsp Walter Ringgenberg Walter Ringgenberg Porsche 356 1500 2 AccidentDNF 7 S 2 0 nbsp Giovanni Bracco nbsp Eugenio Castellotti Scuderia Lancia Lancia D20 ElectricsDNF 21 S2 0 nbsp Hans Herrmann nbsp Jack McAfee Scuderia Maserati Maserati A6GCS Coupe Oil lineDNF 22 S2 0 nbsp Gianni Bertoni nbsp Herrmann Lang Scuderia Maserati Maserati A6GCS EngineDNF 25 S2 0 nbsp Johannes Westhof nbsp Klaas Barendragt Johannes Westhof Veritas Scorpion StarterDNF 29 S nbsp Hanns Roth nbsp Fritz Kasper Hanns Roth AFM 49 Intertyp Kuchen EngineDNF 30 S1 5 nbsp Mike Keen nbsp Michael Pope Monkey Stable Keift MG HubDNF 31 S1 5 nbsp Tommy Line nbsp Mike Llewellyn Monkey Stable Keift MG EngineDNF 35 S1 5 nbsp Francesco Giardini nbsp Heinrich Sauter San Giorgio Osca MT4 1100 GearboxDNF 36 S1 5 nbsp David Blakely nbsp Lionel Leonard Lionel Leonard Leonard MG Steering armDNF 38 S1 5 nbsp Karl Gunther Bechem nbsp Theo Helfrich Borgward GmbH Borgward Hansa 1500 RS EngineDNF 51 ser S 2 0 nbsp Toni Ulmen nbsp Herman Roosdorp Herman Roosdorp Jaguar C Type AccidentDNF 55 ser S 2 0 nbsp Olivier Gendebien nbsp Roger Laurent Ecurie Francorchamps Jaguar C Type PistonDISQ 63 ser S1 5 nbsp Elyane Imbert nbsp Simone des Forest Elyane Imbert Porsche 356 1500 AssistanceDNF 64 ser S1 5 nbsp Arthur Heuberger nbsp Ernst Seiler Arthur Heuberger Porsche 356 1500 AccidentDISQ 65 ser S1 5 nbsp Heinz Friederichs nbsp Horst Lauprecht Heinz Friedrichs Porsche 356 1500 AssistanceDNF 68 ser S1 5 nbsp Kurt Zeller nbsp Walter Zeller Kurt Zeller Ferrari 166 MM Out of fuelDNF 81 ser S1 3 nbsp Adolf Vianden nbsp Harry Merkel Adolf Vianden Porsche 356 1100 EngineDNF 83 ser S1 3 nbsp Albrecht W Mantzel nbsp Rolf Madaus Albrecht W Mantzel Porsche 356 1100 EngineDNF 84 ser S1 3 nbsp Franz Eugen Kesselstatt nbsp Bernt Spiegel Walter Glockler Porsche 356 1100 AccidentDNS 2 S 2 0 nbsp Mike Hawthorn nbsp Giuseppe Farina nbsp Alberto Ascari Automobili Ferrari Ferrari 375 MM Vignale Spyder Engine to car no 1DNS 3 S 2 0 nbsp Umberto Maglioli nbsp Piero Carini Automobili Ferrari Ferrari 375 MM Vignale Spyder WithdrawnDNS 25 S2 0 nbsp Ernst Lautenschlager nbsp Heinz Fischer Ernst Lautenschlager Veritas Comet RSDNS 52 ser S 2 0 nbsp James Scott Douglas nbsp Ninian Sanderson Ecurie Ecosse Jaguar C Type Accident 2 3 4 Fastest Lap Robert Manzon 10 23 000secs 81 866 mph 2 5 Class Winners edit Class WinnersSports 2 0 1 Ferrari 375 MM Vignale Spyder Ascari FarinaSports 2 0 26 Veritas Comet RS Seidel PetersSports 1 5 37 Borgward Hansa 1500 RS Brudes HammernickSports 750 43 Scampolo DKW Komossa ArnoldSerie Sports 2 0 53 Jaguar C Type Stewart SalvadoriSerie Sports 2 0 67 Frazer Nash Le Mans Replica Currie BeaumanSerie Sports 1 3 80 Porsche 356 1100 von Hoesch EngelSerie Sports 750 92 Renault 4CV 1063 Glockler Beckers 6 Standings after the race editPos Championship Points1 nbsp Ferrari 26 27 2 nbsp Jaguar 243 nbsp Cunningham 124 nbsp Aston Martin 85 nbsp Alfa Romeo 6Note Only the top five positions are included in this set of standings Championship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8 6 4 3 2 1 Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars Only the best 4 results out of the 7 races could be retained by each manufacturer Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table References edit a b c Nurburgring 1000 Kilometres 1953 Entry List Racing Sports Cars 1953 08 30 Retrieved 2014 06 24 a b c d 1953 Nurburgring 1000 Km Teamdan com 1953 08 30 Archived from the original on 2015 09 24 Retrieved 2014 06 24 SPAM protection Ochrana proti SPAMu Wsrp ic cz Archived from the original on 2014 08 09 Retrieved 2014 06 24 Nurburgring 1000 Kilometres 1953 Race Results Racing Sports Cars Nurburgring 1953 08 30 html permanent dead link Nurburgring 1000 Kilometres 1953 Racing Sports Cars 1953 08 30 Retrieved 2014 06 24 World Sportscar ChampionshipPrevious race Spa 24 Hours 1953 season Next race RAC Tourist Trophy Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1953 1000 km of Nurburgring amp oldid 1159028619, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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