Do you approve, German man, and you, German woman, this policy of your national government, and are you willing to declare as the expression of your own opinion and your own will and solemnly profess it?
Results
Choice
Votes
%
For
40,633,852
95.08%
Against
2,101,207
4.92%
Valid votes
42,735,059
98.26%
Invalid or blank votes
757,676
1.74%
Total votes
43,492,735
100.00%
The referendum question was on a separate ballot from the one used for the elections. The question was: "Do you approve, German man, and you, German woman, this policy of your national government, and are you willing to declare as the expression of your own opinion and your own will and solemnly profess it?" (German: Billigst Du, Deutscher Mann, und Du, Deutsche Frau, diese Politik Deiner Reichsregierung, und bist Du bereit, sie als den Ausdruck Deiner eigenen Auffassung und Deines eigenen Willens zu erklären und Dich feierlich zu ihr zu bekennen?)[4]
To whip up nationalist sentiment in the run up to the vote, the Nazi Party intentionally timed the referendum to take place as close as possible to the fifteenth anniversary of the Armistice of Compiègne, then a bitter memory in the minds of not only the Nazis but also most ordinary Germans. Since German elections always took place on Sundays, the vote was held one day after the anniversary.
Of the democratic nature of the referendum, the political scientist Arnold Zurcher writes that "there undoubtedly was a great deal" of "intangible official pressure" but "[probably very little] downright coercion and intimidation at the polls".[3][page needed] The historian Heinrich August Winkler notes that "the rejection of the Versailles system was extraordinarily popular" and that at this stage in the history of Nazi Germany, it was still possible to vote negatively, to invalidate one's ballot or not to vote at all "without great personal risk".[5] In particular, the Nazis made no effort to prevent the casting of negative or invalid votes in districts that were known to have large populations of Jews, Poles and other ethnic minorities, who were then still allowed to vote. The expected unfavourable results in such areas would be useful in propaganda as proof of disloyalty to the Reich.[6]
Resultsedit
In East Prussia, the stronghold of the Junkers, support for withdrawal reached 97%, while in Hamburg, formerly a communist stronghold, only 84% voted in favour. This regional variation was repeated in the referendum of 1934. In general, rural parts of the country were more favourable and the cities least favourable to withdrawal, but overall support was higher than for granting Hitler presidential powers in 1934.[3][page needed]
Voter turnout was greatest in the Pfalz region, where 98% of registered voters cast ballots. It was lowest in the affluent Berlin suburb of Potsdam at 90%.[3][page needed]
Suksi, Markku (1993). Bringing in the people: a comparison of constitutional forms and practices of the referendum. Dordrecht: Nijhoff. ISBN978-0-7923-2208-5. OCLC 27684043.
Winkler, Heinrich August (2006). Germany: The Long Road West, Volume II (1933–1990). Oxford University Press.
1933, german, referendum, referendum, withdrawing, from, league, nations, held, germany, november, 1933, alongside, reichstag, elections, measure, approved, voters, with, turnout, first, series, referendums, held, german, cabinet, under, chancellor, adolf, hit. A referendum on withdrawing from the League of Nations was held in Germany on 12 November 1933 alongside Reichstag elections 1 The measure was approved by 95 of voters with a turnout of 96 2 It was the first of a series of referendums held by the German cabinet under Chancellor Adolf Hitler after the cabinet conferred upon itself the ability to hold referendums on 14 July 1933 3 page needed 1933 German referendum12 November 1933Do you approve German man and you German woman this policy of your national government and are you willing to declare as the expression of your own opinion and your own will and solemnly profess it ResultsChoice Votes For 40 633 852 95 08 Against 2 101 207 4 92 Valid votes 42 735 059 98 26 Invalid or blank votes 757 676 1 74 Total votes 43 492 735 100 00 The referendum question was on a separate ballot from the one used for the elections The question was Do you approve German man and you German woman this policy of your national government and are you willing to declare as the expression of your own opinion and your own will and solemnly profess it German Billigst Du Deutscher Mann und Du Deutsche Frau diese Politik Deiner Reichsregierung und bist Du bereit sie als den Ausdruck Deiner eigenen Auffassung und Deines eigenen Willens zu erklaren und Dich feierlich zu ihr zu bekennen 4 Contents 1 Conduct 2 Results 3 References 3 1 Footnotes 3 2 SourcesConduct editTo whip up nationalist sentiment in the run up to the vote the Nazi Party intentionally timed the referendum to take place as close as possible to the fifteenth anniversary of the Armistice of Compiegne then a bitter memory in the minds of not only the Nazis but also most ordinary Germans Since German elections always took place on Sundays the vote was held one day after the anniversary Of the democratic nature of the referendum the political scientist Arnold Zurcher writes that there undoubtedly was a great deal of intangible official pressure but probably very little downright coercion and intimidation at the polls 3 page needed The historian Heinrich August Winkler notes that the rejection of the Versailles system was extraordinarily popular and that at this stage in the history of Nazi Germany it was still possible to vote negatively to invalidate one s ballot or not to vote at all without great personal risk 5 In particular the Nazis made no effort to prevent the casting of negative or invalid votes in districts that were known to have large populations of Jews Poles and other ethnic minorities who were then still allowed to vote The expected unfavourable results in such areas would be useful in propaganda as proof of disloyalty to the Reich 6 Results editIn East Prussia the stronghold of the Junkers support for withdrawal reached 97 while in Hamburg formerly a communist stronghold only 84 voted in favour This regional variation was repeated in the referendum of 1934 In general rural parts of the country were more favourable and the cities least favourable to withdrawal but overall support was higher than for granting Hitler presidential powers in 1934 3 page needed Voter turnout was greatest in the Pfalz region where 98 of registered voters cast ballots It was lowest in the affluent Berlin suburb of Potsdam at 90 3 page needed ChoiceVotes For40 633 85295 08Against2 101 2074 92Total42 735 059100 00Valid votes42 735 05998 26Invalid blank votes757 6761 74Total votes43 492 735100 00Registered voters turnout45 178 70196 27Source Nohlen amp Stover 2010 p 770References editFootnotes edit Nohlen amp Stover 2010 p 762 Nohlen amp Stover 2010 p 770 a b c d Zurcher 1935 Suksi 1993 p 100 note 2 Winkler 2006 p 31 The Guardian 1933 Sources edit All Germans rounded up to vote The Guardian 13 November 1933 ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 8 February 2024 Nohlen Dieter Stover Philip eds 2010 Elections in Europe a data handbook 1st ed Baden Baden Nomos ISBN 978 3 8329 5609 7 OCLC 617565273 Suksi Markku 1993 Bringing in the people a comparison of constitutional forms and practices of the referendum Dordrecht Nijhoff ISBN 978 0 7923 2208 5 OCLC 27684043 Winkler Heinrich August 2006 Germany The Long Road West Volume II 1933 1990 Oxford University Press Zurcher Arnold J 1935 The Hitler Referenda American Political Science Review 29 1 91 99 doi 10 2307 1947171 JSTOR 1947171 S2CID 146390292 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1933 German referendum amp oldid 1205913507, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
