1884 United States presidential election in Tennessee
The 1884 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Tennessee voters chose twelve representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.[2]
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| Turnout | 16.86% of the total population 1.03 pp[1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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County Results
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For over a century after the Civil War, Tennessee’s white citizenry was divided according to partisan loyalties established in that war. Unionist regions covering almost all of East Tennessee, Kentucky Pennyroyal-allied Macon County, and the five West Tennessee Highland Rim counties of Carroll, Henderson, McNairy, Hardin and Wayne[3] voted Republican – generally by landslide margins – as they saw the Democratic Party as the “war party” who had forced them into a war they did not wish to fight.[4] Contrariwise, the rest of Middle and West Tennessee who had supported and driven the state’s secession was equally fiercely Democratic as it associated the Republicans with Reconstruction.[5] After the state’s white landowning class re-established its rule in the early 1870s, blacks and Unionist whites nonetheless forged adequate support for the GOP to produce a competitive political system for two decades,[6] although during this era the Republicans could only capture statewide offices when the Democratic Party was divided on this issue of payment of state debt.[6]
White Democrats in West Tennessee were always aiming to eliminate black political influence, and during the 1880s they attempted to do this by election fraud and stuffing of ballot boxes.[7] However, at this stage the Republican Party was a strong force throughout the state and the Democratic Party had not yet achieved a monopoly in power in secessionist areas, with its statewide vote not rising above sixty percent in any year’s congressional race.
Tennessee was won by the Democratic nominees, Governor Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Thomas A. Hendricks of Indiana. Cleveland and Hendricks defeated the Republican nominees, former Secretary of State and Senator James G. Blaine of Maine and his running mate Senator John A. Logan of Illinois, with 51.45% of the vote.[2]
This would be the last occasion Shelby County voted for a Republican presidential candidate until Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1956,[8] the last occasion Fayette County did so until Richard Nixon in 1960,[8] and the last occasion Haywood County voted Republican until Barry Goldwater in 1964.[8]
Results edit
| 1884 United States presidential election in Tennessee[2] | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Running mate | Popular vote | Electoral vote | ||||
| Count | % | Count | % | |||||
| Democratic | Grover Cleveland of New York | Thomas A. Hendricks of Indiana | 133,770 | 51.45% | 12 | 100.00% | ||
| Republican | James G. Blaine of Maine | John A. Logan of Illinois | 124,101 | 47.74% | 0 | 0.00% | ||
| Prohibition | John St. John of Kansas | William Daniel of Maryland | 1,150 | 0.44% | 0 | 0.00% | ||
| Greenback | Benjamin Butler of Massachusetts | Absolom West of Mississippi | 957 | 0.37% | 0 | 0.00% | ||
| Total | 259,978 | 100.00% | 12 | 100.00% | ||||
Results by county edit
| 1884 United States presidential election in Tennessee by county[9] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| County | Stephen Grover Cleveland Democratic | James Gillespie Blaine Republican | Various candidates Other parties | Margin | Total votes cast | ||||
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Anderson | 604 | 29.29% | 1,456 | 70.61% | 2 | 0.10% | -852 | -41.32% | 2,062 |
| Bedford | 2,053 | 50.89% | 1,882 | 46.65% | 99 | 2.45% | 171 | 4.24% | 4,034 |
| Benton | 1,054 | 62.93% | 599 | 35.76% | 22 | 1.31% | 455 | 27.16% | 1,675 |
| Bledsoe | 416 | 42.11% | 572 | 57.89% | 0 | 0.00% | -156 | -15.79% | 988 |
| Blount | 849 | 31.35% | 1,823 | 67.32% | 36 | 1.33% | -974 | -35.97% | 2,708 |
| Bradley | 892 | 40.33% | 1,304 | 58.95% | 16 | 0.72% | -412 | -18.63% | 2,212 |
| Campbell | 399 | 22.18% | 1,394 | 77.49% | 6 | 0.33% | -995 | -55.31% | 1,799 |
| Cannon | 1,011 | 64.48% | 515 | 32.84% | 42 | 2.68% | 496 | 31.63% | 1,568 |
| Carroll | 1,850 | 43.81% | 2,319 | 54.91% | 54 | 1.28% | -469 | -11.11% | 4,223 |
| Carter | 407 | 20.51% | 1,575 | 79.39% | 2 | 0.10% | -1,168 | -58.87% | 1,984 |
| Cheatham | 959 | 73.71% | 335 | 25.75% | 7 | 0.54% | 624 | 47.96% | 1,301 |
| Claiborne | 921 | 39.85% | 1,390 | 60.15% | 0 | 0.00% | -469 | -20.29% | 2,311 |
| Clay | 628 | 63.76% | 333 | 33.81% | 24 | 2.44% | 295 | 29.95% | 985 |
| Cocke | 875 | 35.28% | 1,587 | 63.99% | 18 | 0.73% | -712 | -28.71% | 2,480 |
| Coffee | 1,597 | 79.61% | 376 | 18.74% | 33 | 1.65% | 1,221 | 60.87% | 2,006 |
| Crockett | 1,404 | 52.17% | 1,256 | 46.67% | 31 | 1.15% | 148 | 5.50% | 2,691 |
| Cumberland | 312 | 38.81% | 488 | 60.70% | 4 | 0.50% | -176 | -21.89% | 804 |
| Davidson | 8,165 | 49.88% | 8,111 | 49.55% | 94 | 0.57% | 54 | 0.33% | 16,370 |
| DeKalb | 1,409 | 55.25% | 1,117 | 43.80% | 24 | 0.94% | 292 | 11.45% | 2,550 |
| Decatur | 734 | 52.02% | 653 | 46.28% | 24 | 1.70% | 81 | 5.74% | 1,411 |
| Dickson | 1,339 | 69.99% | 561 | 29.33% | 13 | 0.68% | 778 | 40.67% | 1,913 |
| Dyer | 1,542 | 70.41% | 609 | 27.81% | 39 | 1.78% | 933 | 42.60% | 2,190 |
| Fayette | 1,729 | 39.60% | 2,637 | 60.40% | 0 | 0.00% | -908 | -20.80% | 4,366 |
| Fentress | 220 | 32.64% | 454 | 67.36% | 0 | 0.00% | -234 | -34.72% | 674 |
| Franklin | 2,091 | 75.79% | 615 | 22.29% | 53 | 1.92% | 1,476 | 53.50% | 2,759 |
| Gibson | 3,210 | 60.55% | 1,999 | 37.71% | 92 | 1.74% | 1,211 | 22.84% | 5,301 |
| Giles | 2,775 | 54.70% | 2,278 | 44.90% | 20 | 0.39% | 497 | 9.80% | 5,073 |
| Grainger | 840 | 39.03% | 1,303 | 60.55% | 9 | 0.42% | -463 | -21.51% | 2,152 |
| Greene | 2,111 | 45.09% | 2,507 | 53.55% | 64 | 1.37% | -396 | -8.46% | 4,682 |
| Grundy | 585 | 75.68% | 188 | 24.32% | 0 | 0.00% | 397 | 51.36% | 773 |
| Hamblen | 875 | 44.19% | 1,072 | 54.14% | 33 | 1.67% | -197 | -9.95% | 1,980 |
| Hamilton | 2,439 | 38.60% | 3,827 | 60.56% | 53 | 0.84% | -1,388 | -21.97% | 6,319 |
| Hancock | 425 | 28.79% | 1,049 | 71.07% | 2 | 0.14% | -624 | -42.28% | 1,476 |
| Hardeman | 1,940 | 60.51% | 1,226 | 38.24% | 40 | 1.25% | 714 | 22.27% | 3,206 |
| Hardin | 1,087 | 41.03% | 1,546 | 58.36% | 16 | 0.60% | -459 | -17.33% | 2,649 |
| Hawkins | 1,529 | 43.61% | 1,973 | 56.27% | 4 | 0.11% | -444 | -12.66% | 3,506 |
| Haywood | 1,842 | 39.94% | 2,768 | 60.02% | 2 | 0.04% | -926 | -20.08% | 4,612 |
| Henderson | 1,478 | 47.39% | 1,629 | 52.23% | 12 | 0.38% | -151 | -4.84% | 3,119 |
| Henry | 1,941 | 62.35% | 1,139 | 36.59% | 33 | 1.06% | 802 | 25.76% | 3,113 |
| Hickman | 1,135 | 60.63% | 709 | 37.87% | 28 | 1.50% | 426 | 22.76% | 1,872 |
| Houston | 630 | 78.36% | 174 | 21.64% | 0 | 0.00% | 456 | 56.72% | 804 |
| Humphreys | 1,484 | 82.72% | 285 | 15.89% | 25 | 1.39% | 1,199 | 66.83% | 1,794 |
| Jackson | 1,380 | 82.19% | 281 | 16.74% | 18 | 1.07% | 1,099 | 65.46% | 1,679 |
| James | 254 | 33.29% | 504 | 66.06% | 5 | 0.66% | -250 | -32.77% | 763 |
| Jefferson | 736 | 27.35% | 1,909 | 70.94% | 46 | 1.71% | -1,173 | -43.59% | 2,691 |
| Johnson | 179 | 13.95% | 1,101 | 85.81% | 3 | 0.23% | -922 | -71.86% | 1,283 |
| Knox | 3,481 | 39.21% | 5,248 | 59.11% | 149 | 1.68% | -1,767 | -19.90% | 8,878 |
| Lake | 367 | 97.61% | 8 | 2.13% | 1 | 0.27% | 359 | 95.48% | 376 |
| Lauderdale | 1,488 | 51.85% | 1,330 | 46.34% | 52 | 1.81% | 158 | 5.51% | 2,870 |
| Lawrence | 953 | 60.78% | 611 | 38.97% | 4 | 0.26% | 342 | 21.81% | 1,568 |
| Lewis | 209 | 76.28% | 64 | 23.36% | 1 | 0.36% | 145 | 52.92% | 274 |
| Lincoln | 2,780 | 73.45% | 949 | 25.07% | 56 | 1.48% | 1,831 | 48.38% | 3,785 |
| Loudon | 487 | 32.49% | 1,009 | 67.31% | 3 | 0.20% | -522 | -34.82% | 1,499 |
| Macon | 619 | 43.17% | 810 | 56.49% | 5 | 0.35% | -191 | -13.32% | 1,434 |
| Madison | 2,393 | 55.01% | 1,901 | 43.70% | 56 | 1.29% | 492 | 11.31% | 4,350 |
| Marion | 901 | 44.87% | 1,107 | 55.13% | 0 | 0.00% | -206 | -10.26% | 2,008 |
| Marshall | 2,084 | 73.07% | 728 | 25.53% | 40 | 1.40% | 1,356 | 47.55% | 2,852 |
| Maury | 3,148 | 52.50% | 2,818 | 47.00% | 30 | 0.50% | 330 | 5.50% | 5,996 |
| McMinn | 1,293 | 43.64% | 1,663 | 56.13% | 7 | 0.24% | -370 | -12.49% | 2,963 |
| McNairy | 1,436 | 51.36% | 1,312 | 46.92% | 48 | 1.72% | 124 | 4.43% | 2,796 |
| Meigs | 679 | 56.12% | 524 | 43.31% | 7 | 0.58% | 155 | 12.81% | 1,210 |
| Monroe | 1,258 | 52.61% | 1,120 | 46.84% | 13 | 0.54% | 138 | 5.77% | 2,391 |
| Montgomery | 2,516 | 56.37% | 1,922 | 43.07% | 25 | 0.56% | 594 | 13.31% | 4,463 |
| Moore | 906 | 93.31% | 53 | 5.46% | 12 | 1.24% | 853 | 87.85% | 971 |
| Morgan | 300 | 32.75% | 607 | 66.27% | 9 | 0.98% | -307 | -33.52% | 916 |
| Obion | 2,509 | 71.67% | 939 | 26.82% | 53 | 1.51% | 1,570 | 44.84% | 3,501 |
| Overton | 1,179 | 73.55% | 421 | 26.26% | 3 | 0.19% | 758 | 47.29% | 1,603 |
| Perry | 715 | 61.53% | 447 | 38.47% | 0 | 0.00% | 268 | 23.06% | 1,162 |
| Pickett | 275 | 49.19% | 284 | 50.81% | 0 | 0.00% | -9 | -1.61% | 559 |
| Polk | 704 | 56.77% | 533 | 42.98% | 3 | 0.24% | 171 | 13.79% | 1,240 |
| Putnam | 1,063 | 65.70% | 551 | 34.05% | 4 | 0.25% | 512 | 31.64% | 1,618 |
| Rhea | 912 | 54.58% | 755 | 45.18% | 4 | 0.24% | 157 | 9.40% | 1,671 |
| Roane | 808 | 30.47% | 1,843 | 69.49% | 1 | 0.04% | -1,035 | -39.03% | 2,652 |
| Robertson | 1,977 | 71.01% | 794 | 28.52% | 13 | 0.47% | 1,183 | 42.49% | 2,784 |
| Rutherford | 2,828 | 57.67% | 2,040 | 41.60% | 36 | 0.73% | 788 | 16.07% | 4,904 |
| Scott | 130 | 11.83% | 969 | 88.17% | 0 | 0.00% | -839 | -76.34% | 1,099 |
| Sequatchie | 284 | 66.20% | 142 | 33.10% | 3 | 0.70% | 142 | 33.10% | 429 |
| Sevier | 468 | 17.17% | 2,242 | 82.25% | 16 | 0.59% | -1,774 | -65.08% | 2,726 |
| Shelby | 7,626 | 45.38% | 9,165 | 54.54% | 13 | 0.08% | -1,539 | -9.16% | 16,804 |
| Smith | 1,592 | 63.83% | 880 | 35.28% | 22 | 0.88% | 712 | 28.55% | 2,494 |
| Stewart | 1,336 | 70.80% | 530 | 28.09% | 21 | 1.11% | 806 | 42.71% | 1,887 |
| Sullivan | 2,176 | 61.99% | 1,298 | 36.98% | 36 | 1.03% | 878 | 25.01% | 3,510 |
| Sumner | 2,225 | 69.71% | 945 | 29.61% | 22 | 0.69% | 1,280 | 40.10% | 3,192 |
| Tipton | 1,922 | 50.62% | 1,868 | 49.20% | 7 | 0.18% | 54 | 1.42% | 3,797 |
| Trousdale | 584 | 71.22% | 226 | 27.56% | 10 | 1.22% | 358 | 43.66% | 820 |
| Unicoi | 91 | 14.00% | 559 | 86.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -468 | -72.00% | 650 |
| Union | 530 | 28.63% | 1,321 | 71.37% | 0 | 0.00% | -791 | -42.73% | 1,851 |
| Van Buren | 348 | 85.29% | 59 | 14.46% | 1 | 0.25% | 289 | 70.83% | 408 |
| Warren | 1,754 | 76.10% | 532 | 23.08% | 19 | 0.82% | 1,222 | 53.02% | 2,305 |
| Washington | 1,559 | 46.21% | 1,815 | 53.79% | 0 | 0.00% | -256 | -7.59% | 3,374 |
| Wayne | 668 | 37.26% | 1,124 | 62.69% | 1 | 0.06% | -456 | -25.43% | 1,793 |
| Weakley | 2,293 | 58.18% | 1,606 | 40.75% | 42 | 1.07% | 687 | 17.43% | 3,941 |
| White | 1,365 | 81.01% | 315 | 18.69% | 5 | 0.30% | 1,050 | 62.31% | 1,685 |
| Williamson | 2,025 | 57.66% | 1,461 | 41.60% | 26 | 0.74% | 564 | 16.06% | 3,512 |
| Wilson | 2,191 | 62.49% | 1,234 | 35.20% | 81 | 2.31% | 957 | 27.30% | 3,506 |
| Totals | 133,770 | 51.45% | 124,110 | 47.74% | 2,108 | 0.81% | 9,660 | 3.72% | 259,988 |
References edit
- ^ "1880 Presidential Election Results Tennessee Total Population Turnout".
- ^ a b c "1884 Presidential Election Results Tennessee".
- ^ Wright, John K.; ‘Voting Habits in the United States: A Note on Two Maps’; Geographical Review, vol. 22, no. 4 (October 1932), pp. 666-672
- ^ Key (Jr.), Valdimer Orlando; Southern Politics in State and Nation (New York, 1949), pp. 282-283
- ^ Lyons, William; Scheb (II), John M. and Stair Billy; Government and Politics in Tennessee, pp. 183-184 ISBN 1572331410
- ^ a b Kousser, J. Morgan; The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One-Party South, 1880-1910, p. 104 ISBN 0-300-01973-4
- ^ Kousser; The Shaping of Southern Politics, p. 110
- ^ a b c Menendez, Albert J. (2005). The Geography of Presidential Elections in the United States, 1868-2004. pp. 298–303. ISBN 0786422173.
- ^ "Presidential election of 1884 Popular Vote". Géoelections. (.xlsx file for €15)