The 1830–31 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1830 and 1831, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.
The Jacksonians gained one seat from the Anti-Jacksonian coalition, but lose one seat to the short-lived Nullifier Party. By the time Congress first met in December 1831, however, the Jacksonians had a net loss of one seat.
Illinois had two elections in this cycle: one for each seat.
Illinois (regular)edit
For the Class 3 seat, one-term incumbent Jacksonian Elias Kane was re-elected in 1831 for the term beginning March 4, 1831.
Illinois (special)edit
For the Class 2 seat, Jacksonian incumbent John McLean, who had been elected in 1828 or 1829, died October 14, 1830. Jacksonian David J. Baker was appointed November 12, 1830 to continue the term until a special election. On December 11, 1830, Jacksonian John McCracken Robinson was elected to finish the term and was seated January 4, 1831.
When Jacksonian John Rowan's term ended March 3, 1831, the legislature had not yet voted a replacement. When the legislature resumed for its session in November 1831, Anti-Jacksonian Henry Clay was elected, but still in time to participate when the 22nd Congress convened in December 1831.
Kentucky (regular)edit
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2020)
Kentucky (special)edit
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2020)
The Senate election in New York was held on February 1, 1831, by the New York State Legislature. Nathan Sanford had been elected in 1826 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1831. At the state election in November 1830, the Jacksonians managed to defeat the combined Anti-Masons and Anti-Jacksonians. Enos T. Throop was narrowly re-elected Governor, a large Jacksonian majority was elected to the Assembly, and five of the nine State Senators elected were Jacksonian Democrats. The 54th New York State Legislature met from January 4 to April 26, 1831, at Albany, New York. The Jacksonian State legislators held a caucus before the election, and n The Jacksonian State legislators held a caucus before the electionominated New York Supreme Court Justice William L. Marcy. The vote was 77 for Marcy, 15 for Erastus Root, 6 for the incumbent Nathan Sanford and 6 scattering votes. William L. Marcy was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected.
The two houses of the Ohio General Assembly met during the winter of 1830-1831 in joint assembly to elect a Senator (Class 3). After seven ballots, on various dates, Thomas Ewing was elected on a majority of the ballots. The balloting was as follows:[8]
Following the December 6, 1831 resignation of Senator Isaac Barnard due to ill health, the Pennsylvania General Assembly convened on December 13, 1831, to elect a new Senator to fill the vacancy. Eleven ballots were recorded. The results of the eleventh and final ballot of both houses combined are as follows:
^"17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
^"Legislature of Connecticut". Litchfield enquirer. Litchfield, Conn. May 27, 1830. p. 2. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
^"Litchfield, May 27, 1830". Litchfield enquirer. Litchfield, Conn. May 27, 1830. p. 3. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
^"The "Indiana Republican" says". Niles' Weekly Register. Vol. III, no. 19. Baltimore. January 8, 1831. p. 334. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
^"Journal of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, November 7, 1831 - December 23, 1831". Journals of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. A. G. Meriwether. 14: 47. 1831.
^ ab"U.S. Senate Election - 13 December 1831" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
^"Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Feb 24, 1831". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
^Taylor, William Alexander; Taylor, Aubrey Clarence (1899). Ohio statesmen and annals of progress: from the year 1788 to the year 1900…. State of Ohio. p. 151.
^"U.S. Senate Election - 13 December 1831" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
^"PA US Senate - Special Election". OurCampaigns. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
Sourcesedit
Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
October 30, 2023
1830, united, states, senate, elections, were, held, various, dates, various, states, these, senate, elections, were, prior, ratification, seventeenth, amendment, 1913, senators, were, chosen, state, legislatures, senators, were, elected, over, wide, range, ti. The 1830 31 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states As these U S Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 senators were chosen by state legislatures Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1830 and 1831 and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock 1 In these elections terms were up for the senators in Class 3 1830 31 United States Senate elections 1828 amp 1829 Dates vary by state 1832 amp 1833 16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate plus special elections 25 seats needed for a majority Majority party Minority party Party Jacksonian Anti JacksonianLast election 26 seats 19 seatsSeats before 25 23Seats won 8 6Seats after 26 20Seat change 1 3Seats up 7 9 Third party Party NullifierSeats before New partySeats won 1Seats after 1Seat change 1Seats up 0Results Jacksonian Hold Jacksonian Gain Anti Jacksonian Hold Anti Jacksonian Gain Nullifier Gain Legislature Failed To ElectMajority Party before electionJacksonian Elected Majority Party JacksonianThe Jacksonians gained one seat from the Anti Jacksonian coalition but lose one seat to the short lived Nullifier Party By the time Congress first met in December 1831 however the Jacksonians had a net loss of one seat Contents 1 Results summary 2 Change in composition 2 1 Before the elections 2 2 As a result of the elections 2 3 At the beginning of the first session December 5 1831 3 Race summaries 3 1 Special elections during the 21st Congress 3 2 Races leading to the 22nd Congress 3 3 Elections during the 22nd Congress 4 Alabama 5 Connecticut 6 Delaware special 7 Georgia 8 Illinois 8 1 Illinois regular 8 2 Illinois special 9 Indiana 10 Kentucky 10 1 Kentucky regular 10 2 Kentucky special 11 Louisiana 11 1 Louisiana regular 11 2 Louisiana special 12 Maryland 13 Mississippi special 14 Missouri 15 New Hampshire 16 New York 17 North Carolina 18 Ohio 19 Pennsylvania 19 1 Pennsylvania regular 19 2 Pennsylvania special 20 Vermont 21 See also 22 Notes 23 References 24 SourcesResults summary editSenate party division 22nd Congress 1831 1833 Majority party Jacksonian 24 23 Minority party Anti Jackson 21 23 Other parties Nullifier 2 1 Total seats 48Change in composition editBefore the elections edit After the January 7 1830 special election in Delaware AJ1 AJ2 AJ3 AJ4AJ14 AJ13 AJ12 AJ11 AJ10 AJ9 AJ8 AJ7 AJ6 AJ5AJ15Ind Ran AJ16La Ran AJ17Md Ran AJ18Mo Ran AJ19N Y Ran AJ20Pa Ran AJ21Conn Unknown AJ22Vt Unknown AJ23Ohio Retired J25N C RetiredMajority J24N H UnknownJ15 J16 J17 J18 J19Ala Ran J20Ga Ran J21Ill Ran J22S C Ran J23Ky RanJ14 J13 J12 J11 J10 J9 J8 J7 J6 J5J1 J2 J3 J4As a result of the elections edit AJ1 AJ2 AJ3 AJ4AJ14 AJ13 AJ12 AJ11 AJ10 AJ9 AJ8 AJ7 AJ6 AJ5AJ15Ind Re elected AJ16La Re elected AJ17Md Re elected AJ18Ala Hold AJ19Conn Hold AJ20Ohio Hold V1Ky J Loss N1S C Gain J26Pa Gain J25N Y GainMajority J24Mo GainJ15 J16 J17 J18 J19Ga Re elected J20Ill Re elected J21N H Hold J22N C Hold J23Vt HoldJ14 J13 J12 J11 J10 J9 J8 J7 J6 J5J1 J2 J3 J4At the beginning of the first session December 5 1831 edit AJ1 AJ2 AJ3 AJ4AJ14 AJ13 AJ12 AJ11 AJ10 AJ9 AJ8 AJ7 AJ6 AJ5AJ15 AJ16 AJ17 AJ18 AJ19 AJ20 AJ21 a Gain AJ22 b Gain N1 N2S C ChangedPlurality c J24J15 J16 J17 J18 J19 J20 J21 J22 J23J14 J13 J12 J11 J10 J9 J8 J7 J6 J5J1 J2 J3 J4Key AJ Anti JacksonianJ JacksonianN NullfierV VacantRace summaries editBold states link to specific election articles Special elections during the 21st Congress edit In these special elections the winners were seated during 1830 or before March 4 1831 ordered by election date State Incumbent Results CandidatesSenator Party Electoral historyIllinois Class 2 David J Baker Jacksonian 1830 Appointed Incumbent appointee retired when elected successor qualified Winner elected December 11 1830 Jacksonian hold nbsp Y John M Robinson Jacksonian data missing Mississippi Class 2 Thomas B Reed Jacksonian 1826 special 1827 Lost re election 1828 Incumbent died November 26 1829 Winner elected January 6 1830 Jacksonian hold nbsp Y Robert H Adams Jacksonian data missing Delaware Class 1 Louis McLane Jacksonian 1827 Incumbent resigned April 29 1829 to become U S Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United Kingdom Winner elected January 7 1830 Anti Jacksonian gain nbsp Y Arnold Naudain Anti Jacksonian data missing Races leading to the 22nd Congress edit In these regular elections the winner was seated on March 4 1831 except where noted due to late election ordered by state All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats State Incumbent Results CandidatesSenator Party Electoral historyAlabama John McKinley Jacksonian 1826 special Incumbent lost re election Winner elected in 1831 Jacksonian hold nbsp Y Gabriel Moore Jacksonian John McKinley Jacksonian data missing Connecticut Calvin Willey Anti Jacksonian 1825 Unknown if incumbent ran for re election Winner elected May 20 1830 Anti Jacksonian hold nbsp Y Gideon Tomlinson Anti Jacksonian 158 R M Sherman 20 Scattering 17 2 3 Georgia John Forsyth Jacksonian 1829 special Incumbent re elected in 1830 or 1831 nbsp Y John Forsyth Jacksonian data missing Illinois Elias Kane Jacksonian 1825 Incumbent re elected in 1831 nbsp Y Elias K Kane Jacksonian data missing Indiana William Hendricks Anti Jacksonian 1824 Incumbent re elected December 18 1830 on the fourth ballot nbsp Y William Hendricks Anti Jacksonian 44 Ratliff Boon Jacksonian 26 John Law Jacksonian 9 Charles Dewey Jacksonian 3 4 Kentucky John Rowan Jacksonian 1824 Legislature elected late Seat vacant data missing Louisiana Josiah S Johnston Anti Jacksonian 1824 Appointed 1825 Incumbent re elected in 1831 nbsp Y Josiah S Johnston Anti Jacksonian data missing Maryland Ezekiel F Chambers Anti Jacksonian 1826 special Incumbent re elected in 1831 nbsp Y Ezekiel F Chambers Anti Jacksonian data missing Missouri David Barton Anti Jacksonian 18211825 Re elected Incumbent lost re election Winner elected in 1830 Jacksonian gain nbsp Y Alexander Buckner Jacksonian David Barton Anti Jacksonian data missing New Hampshire Levi Woodbury Jacksonian 1825 Unknown if incumbent ran for re election Winner elected in 1831 Jacksonian hold nbsp Y Isaac Hill Jacksonian data missing New York Nathan Sanford Anti Jacksonian 1826 Elected late Incumbent lost re election Winner elected February 1 1831 Jacksonian gain nbsp Y William L Marcy Jacksonian 20 86 Samuel Works Anti Masonic 5 27 Nathan Sanford Anti Jacksonian 0 1North Carolina James Iredell Jr Jacksonian 1828 special Incumbent retired Winner elected in 1830 Jacksonian hold nbsp Y Willie P Mangum Jacksonian data missing Ohio Jacob Burnet Anti Jacksonian 1828 special Incumbent retired Winner elected in 1830 Anti Jacksonian hold nbsp Y Thomas Ewing Anti Jacksonian 54 Micajah T Williams Jacksonian 51 Edward King Anti Jacksonian 2Pennsylvania William Marks Anti Jacksonian 1825 Incumbent lost re election Winner elected in 1830 or 1831 Jacksonian gain nbsp Y William Wilkins Jacksonian William Marks Anti Jacksonian data missing South Carolina William Smith Jacksonian 1826 special Incumbent lost re election Winner elected in 1830 or 1831 Nullifier gain nbsp Y Stephen D Miller Nullifier William Smith Jacksonian data missing Vermont Dudley Chase Anti Jacksonian 1825 Unknown if incumbent ran for re election Winner elected in 1831 Anti Jacksonian hold nbsp Y Samuel Prentiss Anti Jacksonian data missing Elections during the 22nd Congress edit In these special elections the winners were seated in 1831 after March 4 ordered by election date State Incumbent Results CandidatesSenator Party Electoral historyKentucky Class 3 Vacant Legislature elected late New senator elected November 10 1831 Anti Jacksonian gain nbsp Y Henry Clay Anti Jacksonian 73 votes Richard M Johnson 64 votes Worden Pope 1 vote 5 Louisiana Class 2 Edward Livingston Jacksonian 1828 or 1829 Incumbent resigned May 24 1831 to become U S Secretary of State Winner elected November 15 1831 Anti Jacksonian gain nbsp Y George A Waggaman Anti Jacksonian data missing Pennsylvania Class 1 Isaac D Barnard Jacksonian 1826 Incumbent resigned December 6 1831 due to ill health Winner elected December 13 1831 6 Jacksonian hold nbsp Y George M Dallas Jacksonian 67 Joseph Hemphill Jacksonian 34 Richard Rush Anti Masonic 30 Samuel B Davis Jacksonian 1 Not voting 1 6 Alabama editSee also List of United States senators from Alabama and 1831 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it February 2020 Connecticut editSee also List of United States senators from Connecticut and 1831 United States House of Representatives election in Connecticut This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it February 2020 Delaware special editSee also List of United States senators from Delaware and 1830 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it February 2020 Georgia editSee also List of United States senators from Georgia and 1830 United States House of Representatives election in Georgia This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it February 2020 Illinois editSee also List of United States senators from Illinois and 1831 United States House of Representatives election in Illinois Illinois had two elections in this cycle one for each seat Illinois regular edit For the Class 3 seat one term incumbent Jacksonian Elias Kane was re elected in 1831 for the term beginning March 4 1831 Illinois special edit For the Class 2 seat Jacksonian incumbent John McLean who had been elected in 1828 or 1829 died October 14 1830 Jacksonian David J Baker was appointed November 12 1830 to continue the term until a special election On December 11 1830 Jacksonian John McCracken Robinson was elected to finish the term and was seated January 4 1831 Indiana editSee also List of United States senators from Indiana and 1831 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it February 2020 Kentucky editKentucky had two elections in this cycle See also List of United States senators from Kentucky and 1831 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky When Jacksonian John Rowan s term ended March 3 1831 the legislature had not yet voted a replacement When the legislature resumed for its session in November 1831 Anti Jacksonian Henry Clay was elected but still in time to participate when the 22nd Congress convened in December 1831 Kentucky regular edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it February 2020 Kentucky special edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it February 2020 Louisiana editLouisiana had two elections in this cycle See also List of United States senators from Louisiana and 1830 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana Louisiana regular edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it February 2020 Louisiana special edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it February 2020 Maryland editSee also List of United States senators from Maryland This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it November 2022 1831 United States Senate election in Maryland 1826 February 24 1831 1835 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly nbsp Candidate Ezekiel F Chambers No votesParty National RepublicanLegislative vote 53 20Percentage 72 60 27 40 Ezekiel F Chambers won election over non voters by a margin of 45 21 or 33 votes for the Class 3 seat 7 Mississippi special editSee also List of United States senators from Mississippi and 1830 United States House of Representatives election in Mississippi This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it February 2020 Missouri editSee also List of United States senators from Missouri and 1831 United States House of Representatives election in Missouri This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it February 2020 New Hampshire editSee also List of United States senators from New Hampshire and 1831 United States House of Representatives election in New Hampshire This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it February 2020 New York editMain article 1831 United States Senate election in New York See also List of United States senators from New York and 1830 United States House of Representatives elections in New York The Senate election in New York was held on February 1 1831 by the New York State Legislature Nathan Sanford had been elected in 1826 to this seat and his term would expire on March 3 1831 At the state election in November 1830 the Jacksonians managed to defeat the combined Anti Masons and Anti Jacksonians Enos T Throop was narrowly re elected Governor a large Jacksonian majority was elected to the Assembly and five of the nine State Senators elected were Jacksonian Democrats The 54th New York State Legislature met from January 4 to April 26 1831 at Albany New York The Jacksonian State legislators held a caucus before the election and n The Jacksonian State legislators held a caucus before the electionominated New York Supreme Court Justice William L Marcy The vote was 77 for Marcy 15 for Erastus Root 6 for the incumbent Nathan Sanford and 6 scattering votes William L Marcy was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate and was declared elected House Jacksonian Anti Mason Anti JacksonianState Senate 32 members William L Marcy 20 Samuel Works 5State Assembly 128 members William L Marcy 86 Samuel Works 27 Nathan Sanford 1North Carolina editSee also List of United States senators from North Carolina and 1831 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it February 2020 Ohio editSee also List of United States senators from Ohio and 1830 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio The two houses of the Ohio General Assembly met during the winter of 1830 1831 in joint assembly to elect a Senator Class 3 After seven ballots on various dates Thomas Ewing was elected on a majority of the ballots The balloting was as follows 8 Ballot Thomas Ewing Anti Jacksonian Micajah T Williams Jacksonian Edward King Anti Jacksonian 1 33 49 212 37 50 213 42 49 164 46 52 95 51 51 56 54 53 27 nbsp Y 54 51 2Pennsylvania editPennsylvania had two election in this cycle See also List of United States senators from Pennsylvania and 1830 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania Pennsylvania regular edit Main article 1830 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it February 2020 Pennsylvania special edit Main article 1831 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania Following the December 6 1831 resignation of Senator Isaac Barnard due to ill health the Pennsylvania General Assembly convened on December 13 1831 to elect a new Senator to fill the vacancy Eleven ballots were recorded The results of the eleventh and final ballot of both houses combined are as follows State Legislature Results 9 10 Party Candidate Votes Democratic George M Dallas 67 50 38Democratic Joseph Hemphill 34 25 56 Anti Masonic Richard Rush 30 22 56 Democratic Samuel B Davis 1 0 75 N A Not voting 1 0 75 Totals 133 100 00 Vermont editSee also List of United States senators from Vermont and 1830 1832 United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it February 2020 See also edit1830 United States elections 1830 31 United States House of Representatives elections 21st United States Congress 22nd United States CongressNotes edit Kentucky class 3 seat Legislature elected Anti Jacksonian late in the Congress on November 10 1831 Indiana class 1 seat Jacksonian died February 26 1831 in the previous Congress and an Anti Jacksonian Senator was appointed August 19 1831 The Jacksonians maintained Senate control as evidenced by their electing Jacksonians as Presidents pro tempore Samuel Smith Littleton W Tazewell and Hugh Lawson White References edit 17th Amendment to the U S Constitution Direct Election of U S Senators 1913 National Archives and Records Administration February 8 2022 Legislature of Connecticut Litchfield enquirer Litchfield Conn May 27 1830 p 2 Retrieved November 24 2020 Litchfield May 27 1830 Litchfield enquirer Litchfield Conn May 27 1830 p 3 Retrieved November 24 2020 The Indiana Republican says Niles Weekly Register Vol III no 19 Baltimore January 8 1831 p 334 Retrieved November 27 2021 Journal of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Kentucky November 7 1831 December 23 1831 Journals of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky A G Meriwether 14 47 1831 a b U S Senate Election 13 December 1831 PDF Wilkes University Retrieved December 21 2012 Our Campaigns MD US Senate Race Feb 24 1831 www ourcampaigns com Retrieved November 5 2022 Taylor William Alexander Taylor Aubrey Clarence 1899 Ohio statesmen and annals of progress from the year 1788 to the year 1900 State of Ohio p 151 U S Senate Election 13 December 1831 PDF Wilkes University Retrieved December 21 2012 PA US Senate Special Election OurCampaigns Retrieved December 21 2012 Sources editParty Division in the Senate 1789 Present via Senate gov Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1830 31 United States Senate elections amp oldid 1143325003 Maryland, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
