1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b) is a haloalkane with the chemical formula CH3CClF2. It belongs to the hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) family of man-made compounds that contribute significantly to both ozone depletion and global warming when released into the environment. It is primarily used as a refrigerant where it is also known as R-142b and by trade names including Freon-142b.[2]
1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane is a highly flammable, colorless gas under most atmospheric conditions. It has a boiling point of -10 °C.[1][3] Its critical temperature is near 137 °C.[4]
Applicationsedit
HCFC-142b is used as a refrigerant, as a blowing agent for foam plastics production, and as feedstock to make polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).[5] It was introduced to replace the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that were initially undergoing a phase-out per the Montreal Protocol, but HCFCs still have a significant ozone-depletion ability. As of year 2020, HCFC's are replaced by non ozone depleting HFCs within many applications.[6]
In the United States, the EPA stated that HCFCs could be used in "processes that result in the transformation or destruction of the HCFCs", such as using HCFC-142b as a feedstock to make PVDF. HCFCs could also be used in equipment that was manufactured before January 1, 2010.[7] The point of these new regulations was to phase-out HCFCs in much the same way that CFCs were phased out. HCFC-142b production in non article 5 countries like the United States was banned on January 1, 2020, under the Montreal Protocol.[6]
Production historyedit
According to the Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study (AFEAS), in 2006 global production (excluding India and China who did not report production data) of HCFC-142b was 33,779 metric tons and an increase in production from 2006 to 2007 of 34%.[8]
For the most part, concentrations of HCFCs in the atmosphere match the emission rates that were reported by industries. The exception to this is HCFC-142b which had a higher concentration than the emission rates suggest it should.[9]
Environmental effectsedit
Growth of HCFC-142b in Earth's atmosphere since year 1992.[10]HCFC-142b measured by the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) in the lower atmosphere (troposphere) at stations around the world. Abundances are given as pollution free monthly mean mole fractions in parts-per-trillion.
The concentration of HCFC-142b in the atmosphere grew to over 20 parts per trillion by year 2010.[10] It has an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0.07.[11] This is low compared to the ODP=1 of trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11, R-11), which also grew about ten times more abundant in the atmosphere by year 1985 (prior to introduction of HCFC-142b and the Montreal Protocol).
HCFC-142b is also a minor but potent greenhouse gas. It has an estimated lifetime of about 17 years and a 100-year global warming potential ranging 2300 to 5000.[12][13] This compares to the GWP=1 of carbon dioxide, which had a much greater atmospheric concentration near 400 parts per million in year 2020.
^(PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
^(PDF). ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2004, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. 2007-03-03. ISSN 1041-2336. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-12. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
^Schoen, J. Andrew, (PDF), Andy's HVAC/R Web Page, archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-19, retrieved 2011-12-17
^ ab"Overview of HCFC Consumption and Available Alternatives For Article 5 Countries" (PDF). ICF International. 2008. Retrieved 2021-02-12.
^U.S. Government Publishing Office Federal Register 2005 November 4, Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Notice of Data Availability; Information Concerning the Current and Predicted Use of HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b Pages 67172 - 67174 [FR DOC # 05-22036].
^. Archived from the original on 2015-09-28. Retrieved 2018-02-13.
^. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2018-02-13.
^ ab"HCFC-142b". NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories/Global Monitoring Division. Retrieved 2021-02-12.
^John S. Daniel; Guus J.M. Velders; A.R. Douglass; P.M.D. Forster; D.A. Hauglustaine; I.S.A. Isaksen; L.J.M. Kuijpers; A. McCulloch; T.J. Wallington (2006). "Chapter 8. Halocarbon Scenarios, Ozone Depletion Potentials, and Global Warming Potentials" (PDF). Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2006. Geneva, Switzerland: World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
^"Chapter 8". AR5 Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. p. 731.
^"Refrigerants - Environmental Properties". The Engineering ToolBox. Retrieved 2016-09-12.
January 01, 1970
chloro, difluoroethane, hcfc, 142b, haloalkane, with, chemical, formula, ch3cclf2, belongs, hydrochlorofluorocarbon, hcfc, family, made, compounds, that, contribute, significantly, both, ozone, depletion, global, warming, when, released, into, environment, pri. 1 Chloro 1 1 difluoroethane HCFC 142b is a haloalkane with the chemical formula CH3CClF2 It belongs to the hydrochlorofluorocarbon HCFC family of man made compounds that contribute significantly to both ozone depletion and global warming when released into the environment It is primarily used as a refrigerant where it is also known as R 142b and by trade names including Freon 142b 2 1 Chloro 1 1 difluoroethane Names Preferred IUPAC name 1 Chloro 1 1 difluoroethane Other names Freon 142b R 142b HCFC 142b Chlorodifluoroethane Identifiers CAS Number 75 68 3 Y 3D model JSmol Interactive image ChemSpider 6148 Y ECHA InfoCard 100 000 811 PubChem CID 9625 UNII FUC3XHA6GY Y CompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID9023960 InChI InChI 1S C2H3ClF2 c1 2 3 4 5 h1H3 YKey BHNZEZWIUMJCGF UHFFFAOYSA N Y SMILES CC F F Cl Properties Chemical formula C 2H 3Cl F 2 Molar mass 100 49 g mol 1 Appearance Colorless gas 1 Melting point 130 8 C 203 4 F 142 3 K 1 Boiling point 9 6 C 14 7 F 263 5 K 1 Solubility in water Slight 1 Hazards Occupational safety and health OHS OSH Main hazards Asphyxiant Autoignitiontemperature 632 C 1 170 F 905 K 1 Except where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa Y verify what is Y N Infobox references Contents 1 Physiochemical properties 2 Applications 3 Production history 4 Environmental effects 5 See also 6 ReferencesPhysiochemical properties edit1 Chloro 1 1 difluoroethane is a highly flammable colorless gas under most atmospheric conditions It has a boiling point of 10 C 1 3 Its critical temperature is near 137 C 4 Applications editHCFC 142b is used as a refrigerant as a blowing agent for foam plastics production and as feedstock to make polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF 5 It was introduced to replace the chlorofluorocarbons CFCs that were initially undergoing a phase out per the Montreal Protocol but HCFCs still have a significant ozone depletion ability As of year 2020 HCFC s are replaced by non ozone depleting HFCs within many applications 6 In the United States the EPA stated that HCFCs could be used in processes that result in the transformation or destruction of the HCFCs such as using HCFC 142b as a feedstock to make PVDF HCFCs could also be used in equipment that was manufactured before January 1 2010 7 The point of these new regulations was to phase out HCFCs in much the same way that CFCs were phased out HCFC 142b production in non article 5 countries like the United States was banned on January 1 2020 under the Montreal Protocol 6 Production history editAccording to the Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study AFEAS in 2006 global production excluding India and China who did not report production data of HCFC 142b was 33 779 metric tons and an increase in production from 2006 to 2007 of 34 8 For the most part concentrations of HCFCs in the atmosphere match the emission rates that were reported by industries The exception to this is HCFC 142b which had a higher concentration than the emission rates suggest it should 9 Environmental effects edit nbsp Growth of HCFC 142b in Earth s atmosphere since year 1992 10 nbsp HCFC 142b measured by the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment AGAGE in the lower atmosphere troposphere at stations around the world Abundances are given as pollution free monthly mean mole fractions in parts per trillion The concentration of HCFC 142b in the atmosphere grew to over 20 parts per trillion by year 2010 10 It has an ozone depletion potential ODP of 0 07 11 This is low compared to the ODP 1 of trichlorofluoromethane CFC 11 R 11 which also grew about ten times more abundant in the atmosphere by year 1985 prior to introduction of HCFC 142b and the Montreal Protocol HCFC 142b is also a minor but potent greenhouse gas It has an estimated lifetime of about 17 years and a 100 year global warming potential ranging 2300 to 5000 12 13 This compares to the GWP 1 of carbon dioxide which had a much greater atmospheric concentration near 400 parts per million in year 2020 See also editIPCC list of greenhouse gases List of refrigerantsReferences edit a b c d e f Record in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Safety Data Sheet for 1 Chloro 1 1 difluoroethane PDF Archived from the original PDF on 24 October 2018 Retrieved 24 February 2018 Addenda d j l m and t to ANSI ASHRAE Standard 34 2004 PDF ANSI ASHRAE Standard 34 2004 Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants Atlanta GA American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers Inc 2007 03 03 ISSN 1041 2336 Archived from the original PDF on 2011 10 12 Retrieved 2011 12 18 Schoen J Andrew Listing of Refrigerants PDF Andy s HVAC R Web Page archived from the original PDF on 2009 03 19 retrieved 2011 12 17 Phaseout of Class II Ozone Depleting Substances Environmental Protection Agency 22 July 2015 a b Overview of HCFC Consumption and Available Alternatives For Article 5 Countries PDF ICF International 2008 Retrieved 2021 02 12 U S Government Publishing Office Federal Register 2005 November 4 Protection of Stratospheric Ozone Notice of Data Availability Information Concerning the Current and Predicted Use of HCFC 22 and HCFC 142b Pages 67172 67174 FR DOC 05 22036 Production and Sales of Fluorocarbons AFEAS Archived from the original on 2015 09 28 Retrieved 2018 02 13 Good news from the stratosphere sort of Accumulating HCFCs won t stop ozone hole mending Archived from the original on 2016 03 03 Retrieved 2018 02 13 a b HCFC 142b NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories Global Monitoring Division Retrieved 2021 02 12 John S Daniel Guus J M Velders A R Douglass P M D Forster D A Hauglustaine I S A Isaksen L J M Kuijpers A McCulloch T J Wallington 2006 Chapter 8 Halocarbon Scenarios Ozone Depletion Potentials and Global Warming Potentials PDF Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 2006 Geneva Switzerland World Meteorological Organization Retrieved 9 October 2016 Chapter 8 AR5 Climate Change 2013 The Physical Science Basis p 731 Refrigerants Environmental Properties The Engineering ToolBox Retrieved 2016 09 12 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1 Chloro 1 1 difluoroethane amp oldid 1223816518, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
