The ütőgardon also called a gardon, gardony, ütősgardony, tekenyőgardon, is a folk musical instrument played in regions of Transylvania and Hungary. It is similar in appearance to a cello, but it is played percussively: instead of using a bow, the player plucks and beats the strings with a stick.
The body of this relatively large stringed instrument, usually carved from a single piece of maple, poplar or willow, resembles classical stringed instruments, with a flat or slightly convex back and top, but with much thicker wood. There are four, or sometimes three, strings which are beaten with the bow which resembles a stick approximately 40 cm long and 2 cm in diameter. On the four-string version, three thicker strings correspond to the G-string of the double bass, and the thinner string, used as the plucking string, corresponds to the D or G string of the cello. Currently the most common tuning of the strings is D – D – D – d; previously on three-stringed instruments the tunings were often D – d – g; D – d – a; A – d – d.
Use
Playing with a stick instead of a bow provides a droning accompaniment.[1] The gardon is regularly though not exclusively played by a woman, often the wife of the soloist (violinist) [2] who would teach her or one of his close relatives to play it, or hire someone for that purpose on occasion.
Cultural origins
Musically there are similarities between the violin-gardon ensembles of Hungarians and some Roma in Transylvania and the zurna-davul widespread throughout the Balkans, Anatolia, and the Near East. The gardon was primarily played by the Székelys, a Hungarian ethnic group in Transylvania,[1] and the Csángós of the Gyimes region.[3] We can only have guesses about the instrument's past, perhaps taking on the role of 17th or 18th century dance accompaniment drums, which were used to accompany the Turkish whistle and which were struck on two sides with two different - one thick and one thin. The beaten cello has also been used in the Romanian Banat until 1980s. The Romanian name for it was ”bandă” and the playing was similar - it was plucked with one hand and beaten with the other.[4][5] Under the name of ”gordon”, is still used in Bicaz region.[6] A similar stringed instrument struck with a stick is the tambourin de Béarn in the south of France, which the musician plays with one hand while simultaneously playing a one-handed flute called the galoubet.
^ abSzendrei, Janka (2009). "Hungary". Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 18 Sep 2014.
^Wilkinson, Iren Kertész (2009). "'Gypsy' [Roma-Sinti-Traveller] music". Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 18 Sep 2014.
^Kurti, Laszlo. "The Way of the Taltos: A Critical Reassessment of a Religious-Magical Specialist" (PDF). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Instrumente Tradiţionale Româneşti: Album descriptiv / Prof. univ. dr. Ovidiu Papană. – Timişoara, Editura Banatul, 2006
^Papană, Ovidiu, 2011, Violoncelul „bătut” (banda), in Anuarul Institutului de Etnografie și Folclor „Constantin Brăiloiu”, Editura Academiei Române, Tomul 22, p. 50
ütőgardon, ütőgardon, also, called, gardon, gardony, ütősgardony, tekenyőgardon, folk, musical, instrument, played, regions, transylvania, hungary, similar, appearance, cello, played, percussively, instead, using, player, plucks, beats, strings, with, stick, ü. The utogardon also called a gardon gardony utosgardony tekenyogardon is a folk musical instrument played in regions of Transylvania and Hungary It is similar in appearance to a cello but it is played percussively instead of using a bow the player plucks and beats the strings with a stick utogardonA person playing the utogardon String instrumentOther namesgardonClassificationchordophoneHornbostel Sachs classification321 322Related instrumentscello Contents 1 Description 2 Use 3 Cultural origins 4 See also 5 ReferencesDescription EditThe body of this relatively large stringed instrument usually carved from a single piece of maple poplar or willow resembles classical stringed instruments with a flat or slightly convex back and top but with much thicker wood There are four or sometimes three strings which are beaten with the bow which resembles a stick approximately 40 cm long and 2 cm in diameter On the four string version three thicker strings correspond to the G string of the double bass and the thinner string used as the plucking string corresponds to the D or G string of the cello Currently the most common tuning of the strings is D D D d previously on three stringed instruments the tunings were often D d g D d a A d d Use EditPlaying with a stick instead of a bow provides a droning accompaniment 1 The gardon is regularly though not exclusively played by a woman often the wife of the soloist violinist 2 who would teach her or one of his close relatives to play it or hire someone for that purpose on occasion Cultural origins EditMusically there are similarities between the violin gardon ensembles of Hungarians and some Roma in Transylvania and the zurna davul widespread throughout the Balkans Anatolia and the Near East The gardon was primarily played by the Szekelys a Hungarian ethnic group in Transylvania 1 and the Csangos of the Gyimes region 3 We can only have guesses about the instrument s past perhaps taking on the role of 17th or 18th century dance accompaniment drums which were used to accompany the Turkish whistle and which were struck on two sides with two different one thick and one thin The beaten cello has also been used in the Romanian Banat until 1980s The Romanian name for it was bandă and the playing was similar it was plucked with one hand and beaten with the other 4 5 Under the name of gordon is still used in Bicaz region 6 A similar stringed instrument struck with a stick is the tambourin de Bearn in the south of France which the musician plays with one hand while simultaneously playing a one handed flute called the galoubet See also EditCello Cimbalom Kontra Music of Hungary ZitherReferences Edit a b Szendrei Janka 2009 Hungary Grove Music Online Oxford University Press Retrieved 18 Sep 2014 Wilkinson Iren Kertesz 2009 Gypsy Roma Sinti Traveller music Grove Music Online Oxford University Press Retrieved 18 Sep 2014 Kurti Laszlo The Way of the Taltos A Critical Reassessment of a Religious Magical Specialist PDF a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Instrumente Tradiţionale Romanesti Album descriptiv Prof univ dr Ovidiu Papană Timisoara Editura Banatul 2006 Papană Ovidiu 2011 Violoncelul bătut banda in Anuarul Institutului de Etnografie și Folclor Constantin Brăiloiu Editura Academiei Romane Tomul 22 p 50 Gordon hit cello the Eliznik pages This Romania related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte This article relating to cellos is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Utogardon amp oldid 1075716810, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
