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NEC μCOM series

January 07, 2023

The NEC μCOM series is a series of microprocessors and microcontrollers manufactured by NEC in the 1970s and 1980s. The initial entries in the series were custom-designed 4 and 16-bit designs, but later models in the series were mostly based on the Intel 8080 and Zilog Z80 8-bit designs, and later, the Intel 8086 16-bit design. Most of the line was replaced in 1984 by the NEC V20, an Intel 8088 clone.

Overview

 
μCOM-4: μPD751
 
μCOM-75: μPD7508
 
μCOM-80F: μPD8080AF
 
μCOM-82: μPD780C-1
 
μCOM-82: μPD70008
 
μCOM-84: μPD8749
 
μCOM-85: μPD8085
 
μCOM-86: μPD8086
 
μCOM-87AD: μPD7810
 
μCOM-88: μPD8088

The μCOM series has its roots in one of the world's earliest microprocessor chipsets, the two-chip processor µPD707 / µPD708. Early in 1970, Coca Cola Japan set out to increase the efficiency of their sales outlets by introducing new POS terminals. Sharp was contracted to build these terminals, and NEC in turn to develop a chipset. The chipset development was complete in December 1971, at about the same time as other early microprocessors in the USA.[1]

Since then, NEC has developed and manufactured various microprocessors and microcontrollers. General-purpose products among them were given series names starting with μCOM. The μCOM-4 series (4 bit) and μCOM-16 series (16 bit) were original developments, while the μCOM-8 series (8 bit and 16 bit) consisted mostly of Intel- and Zilog-compatible microprocessors.

The μCOM name disappeared when the V series and 78K series appeared in the 1980s, and the μCOM-87AD series, for example, came to be described simply as the 87AD series.[2]

μCOM-4 series

μCOM-4

The μCOM-4 (μPD751) is NEC's original single-chip 4-bit microprocessor, announced in 1973.[1][3] Unlike the Intel 4040, the μPD751 has separate data and address buses. A number of peripheral integrated circuits were provided for the μPD751:[4]

  • μPD752 - 8-bit I/O port
  • μPD757 - Keyboard and display controller
  • μPD758 - Printer controller[5]: 196–199 

μCOM-41

The μCOM-41 (μPD541) is a PMOS microprocessor in a 42-pin package. The following peripheral integrated circuits were available:

  • μPD542 - ROM plus RAM
  • μPD543 - ROM plus I/O port

μCOM-42

The μCOM-42 (μPD548) is a 4-bit PMOS microcontroller in a 42-pin package. It has built-in ROM (1920 × 10 bit) and RAM (96 × 4 bit) as well as keyboard, display, and printer controllers. The μPD548 requires a power supply of -10V and the outputs can switch up to -35V.[6]: 123–128  A ROM-less chip (μPD555) in a 64-pin quad-in-line package was available for hardware and software development.[6]: 129–132 

μCOM-43 through μCOM-46

The μCOM-43 series consists of more than 10 different 4-bit microcontrollers. Broadly speaking, there are PMOS devices (μPD500 series), NMOS devices (μPD1500 series, μCOM-43N ), and CMOS devices (μPD650 series, μCOM-43C ). The μCOM-43, μCOM-44, μCOM-45, and μCOM-46 have the same basic instruction set. They differ in the amount of ROM and RAM, the number of I/O pins, and the package (28-pin or 42-pin).[5]: 133–136  [6]: 133–166  A ROM-less chip (μPD556) in a 64-pin quad-in-line package was available for hardware and software development.[6]: 159–162  Beginning in 1980, they there were gradually replaced by the μCOM-75 series (see below).

μCOM-47

The μCOM-47 (μPD766) is a 4-bit NMOS microcontroller in a 64-pin package. It has built-in ROM and RAM as well as keyboard, display, and printer controllers.

μCOM-75

The μCOM-75 series consists of 4-bit microcontrollers. Only the first device in the series, the μPD7520, was still developed in PMOS technology.[7]: 157–164  [8]: 227–236  All subsequent microcontrollers in the series (μPD7502 etc.) used CMOS.[8]: 209–226  A ROM-less chip (μPD7500) in a 64-pin quad-in-line package was available for hardware and software development.[8]: 237–238  By 1982 the μCOM-75 series was referred to as the μPD7500 series[9]: 177  and later replaced by the 75X and 75XL series.

μCOM-8 series

μCOM-8

The μCOM-8 (μPD753) is an 8-bit microprocessor that is software-compatible with the Intel 8080, but differs in its 42-pin package and its completely different pin-out. There are minor software differences as well, e.g. the setting of flags for the SUB instruction.

μCOM-80

The μCOM-80 (μPD8080A) is an 8-bit microprocessor that is pin-compatible with the Intel 8080 and software-compatible with the μCOM-8. That is, the μPD8080A has some improvements compared to the Intel 8080:[5]: 150 

  • BCD arithmetic is supported for both addition and subtraction (Intel 8080: addition only). Similar to the N flag in the Zilog Z80, the μPD8080A has a SUB flag (bit 5 of the flag register) to indicate that a subtraction was performed.
  • The MOV r,r instruction requires 4 clock cycles (Intel 8080: 5 clock cycles).
  • 3-byte instructions are allowed in an interrupt acknowledge cycle, so a CALL instruction to any memory address can be used (Intel 8080: only 1-byte RST instructions are allowed).

Unfortunately, these improvements cause some programs written for the Intel 8080 not to run correctly. To overcome this problem, NEC introduced the μCOM-80F (μPD8080AF) which is completely compatible with the Intel 8080 in all details. The 1979 catalog no longer listed the improved μPD8080A.[6]: 117  With the TK-80, NEC offered a development board for μCOM-80, which due to its low price became popular with hobbyists.

μCOM-82

The μCOM-82 (μPD780) is an 8-bit microprocessor compatible with the Zilog Z80. The μPD780C corresponds to the original Z80 (max. 2.5 MHz clock), while the μPD780C-1 corresponds to the Z80A (max. 4 MHz clock) and the μPD780C-2 to the Z80B (max. 6 MHz clock).[6]: 167–172  The µPD780C-1 was used in Sinclair's ZX80, ZX81 and early versions of the ZX Spectrum, in several MSX and NEC (PC-6000, PC-8000, PC-8800) computers, in musical synthesizers such as Oberheim OB-8, and in Sega's SG-1000 game console.

A CMOS version (μPD70008) followed later.

μCOM-84

The µCOM-84 (µPD8048 etc.) is compatible with Intel's 8-bit microcontroller 8048.[5]: 250  [6]: 211–209  CMOS microcontrollers up to μPD80C50 followed,[8]: 345–355  but an Intel 8051 compatible product, which is the 8-bit industry standard, was never offered.

μCOM-85

The µCOM-85 (µPD8085) is an Intel 8085 compatible 8-bit microprocessor.[5]: 248  [6]: 197–246 

μCOM-86, μCOM-88

The µCOM-86 (µPD8086)[8]: 411–422  and µCOM-88 (µPD8088)[9]: 447–456  are Intel 8086 and Intel 8088 compatible 16-bit microprocessors. They were superseded by the V series.

μCOM-87, μCOM-87AD

The µCOM-87 (µPD7800 etc.)[7]: 193–198  [8]: 239–301  and µCOM-87AD (µPD7810 etc.)[9]: 325–328  are NEC original 8-bit microcontrollers. The μCOM-87AD adds an A/D converter to the μCOM-87. The register configuration consists of two sets of 8 registers each (A, V, B, C, D, E, H, L). The V register is a vector register that stores the upper 8 bits of the address of the working memory area, and the short address space which is fixed in the current 78K series can be freely arranged. The μPD7805 and μPD7806 have only one set of 7 registers (no V register).[9]: 321–323  [10]: 4-35–4-44  In the µPD7807 and later, the ALU is expanded to 16 bit and an EA register is added for 16-bit operation.[9]: 325–328  [10]: 4-45–4-64  [11]

The series came in 64-pin quad in-line package. This series was superseded by the 78K series.

μCOM-16 series

μCOM-16

The μCOM-16 is a NEC original 16-bit microprocessor, implemented in two chips, the μPD755 (register + ALU) and μPD756 (controller), in 1974.[3]

 
μCOM-1600: μPD768

μCOM-1600

The μCOM-1600 (μPD768) is a NEC original single-chip 16-bit microprocessor that was announced in 1978.[12]

The processor has 93 basic instructions, consisting of 1 to 3 16-bit words. The memory space of 1 Mbyte (512K words) is byte-addressable. The I/O address space is 2048 bytes. There are 14 general-purpose registers. The processor has a 2-input vector interrupt, DMA control, refresh control for DRAM, and a master/slave mode to enable multiprocessor operation.

References

  1. ^ a b "NEC 751". AntiqueTech. Retrieved 2020-07-11.
  2. ^ NEC Databook 8-bit single-chip microcomputer Vol. 1 1994/1995
  3. ^ a b (PDF). Semiconductor History Museum of Japan. 2019-01-23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-06-27. Retrieved 2020-07-11.
  4. ^ NEC Electronic Device Data Book '76
  5. ^ a b c d e NEC 1977 Catalog. Lexington, MA: NEC Microcomputers, Inc. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h NEC 1979 Catalog. Wellesley, MA: NEC Microcomputers, Inc. Retrieved 2020-07-11.
  7. ^ a b NEC 1980 Catalog. Wellesley, MA: NEC Microcomputers, Inc. Retrieved 2020-07-16.
  8. ^ a b c d e f NEC 1981 Catalog. Wellesley, MA: NEC Microcomputers, Inc. Retrieved 2020-07-16.
  9. ^ a b c d e NEC 1982 Catalog. San Mateo, CA: NEC Electronics U.S.A., Inc. Retrieved 2020-07-21.
  10. ^ a b NEC Microcomputer Products 1984 Data Book. Mountain View, CA: NEC Electronics. Retrieved 2020-07-22.
  11. ^ NEC Databook Single Chip (8bit) 1983
  12. ^ "100 Year History of NEC Corporation" NEC, December 25, 2001, p. 669.

January 07, 2023
μcom, series, series, microprocessors, microcontrollers, manufactured, 1970s, 1980s, initial, entries, series, were, custom, designed, designs, later, models, series, were, mostly, based, intel, 8080, zilog, designs, later, intel, 8086, design, most, line, rep. The NEC mCOM series is a series of microprocessors and microcontrollers manufactured by NEC in the 1970s and 1980s The initial entries in the series were custom designed 4 and 16 bit designs but later models in the series were mostly based on the Intel 8080 and Zilog Z80 8 bit designs and later the Intel 8086 16 bit design Most of the line was replaced in 1984 by the NEC V20 an Intel 8088 clone Contents 1 Overview 2 mCOM 4 series 2 1 mCOM 4 2 2 mCOM 41 2 3 mCOM 42 2 4 mCOM 43 through mCOM 46 2 5 mCOM 47 2 6 mCOM 75 3 mCOM 8 series 3 1 mCOM 8 3 2 mCOM 80 3 3 mCOM 82 3 4 mCOM 84 3 5 mCOM 85 3 6 mCOM 86 mCOM 88 3 7 mCOM 87 mCOM 87AD 4 mCOM 16 series 4 1 mCOM 16 4 2 mCOM 1600 5 ReferencesOverview Edit mCOM 4 mPD751 mCOM 75 mPD7508 mCOM 80F mPD8080AF mCOM 82 mPD780C 1 mCOM 82 mPD70008 mCOM 84 mPD8749 mCOM 85 mPD8085 mCOM 86 mPD8086 mCOM 87AD mPD7810 mCOM 88 mPD8088 The mCOM series has its roots in one of the world s earliest microprocessor chipsets the two chip processor µPD707 µPD708 Early in 1970 Coca Cola Japan set out to increase the efficiency of their sales outlets by introducing new POS terminals Sharp was contracted to build these terminals and NEC in turn to develop a chipset The chipset development was complete in December 1971 at about the same time as other early microprocessors in the USA 1 Since then NEC has developed and manufactured various microprocessors and microcontrollers General purpose products among them were given series names starting with mCOM The mCOM 4 series 4 bit and mCOM 16 series 16 bit were original developments while the mCOM 8 series 8 bit and 16 bit consisted mostly of Intel and Zilog compatible microprocessors The mCOM name disappeared when the V series and 78K series appeared in the 1980s and the mCOM 87AD series for example came to be described simply as the 87AD series 2 mCOM 4 series EditmCOM 4 Edit The mCOM 4 mPD751 is NEC s original single chip 4 bit microprocessor announced in 1973 1 3 Unlike the Intel 4040 the mPD751 has separate data and address buses A number of peripheral integrated circuits were provided for the mPD751 4 mPD752 8 bit I O port mPD757 Keyboard and display controller mPD758 Printer controller 5 196 199 mCOM 41 Edit The mCOM 41 mPD541 is a PMOS microprocessor in a 42 pin package The following peripheral integrated circuits were available mPD542 ROM plus RAM mPD543 ROM plus I O portmCOM 42 Edit The mCOM 42 mPD548 is a 4 bit PMOS microcontroller in a 42 pin package It has built in ROM 1920 10 bit and RAM 96 4 bit as well as keyboard display and printer controllers The mPD548 requires a power supply of 10V and the outputs can switch up to 35V 6 123 128 A ROM less chip mPD555 in a 64 pin quad in line package was available for hardware and software development 6 129 132 mCOM 43 through mCOM 46 Edit The mCOM 43 series consists of more than 10 different 4 bit microcontrollers Broadly speaking there are PMOS devices mPD500 series NMOS devices mPD1500 series mCOM 43N and CMOS devices mPD650 series mCOM 43C The mCOM 43 mCOM 44 mCOM 45 and mCOM 46 have the same basic instruction set They differ in the amount of ROM and RAM the number of I O pins and the package 28 pin or 42 pin 5 133 136 6 133 166 A ROM less chip mPD556 in a 64 pin quad in line package was available for hardware and software development 6 159 162 Beginning in 1980 they there were gradually replaced by the mCOM 75 series see below mCOM 47 Edit The mCOM 47 mPD766 is a 4 bit NMOS microcontroller in a 64 pin package It has built in ROM and RAM as well as keyboard display and printer controllers mCOM 75 Edit The mCOM 75 series consists of 4 bit microcontrollers Only the first device in the series the mPD7520 was still developed in PMOS technology 7 157 164 8 227 236 All subsequent microcontrollers in the series mPD7502 etc used CMOS 8 209 226 A ROM less chip mPD7500 in a 64 pin quad in line package was available for hardware and software development 8 237 238 By 1982 the mCOM 75 series was referred to as the mPD7500 series 9 177 and later replaced by the 75X and 75XL series mCOM 8 series EditmCOM 8 Edit The mCOM 8 mPD753 is an 8 bit microprocessor that is software compatible with the Intel 8080 but differs in its 42 pin package and its completely different pin out There are minor software differences as well e g the setting of flags for the SUB instruction mCOM 80 Edit The mCOM 80 mPD8080A is an 8 bit microprocessor that is pin compatible with the Intel 8080 and software compatible with the mCOM 8 That is the mPD8080A has some improvements compared to the Intel 8080 5 150 BCD arithmetic is supported for both addition and subtraction Intel 8080 addition only Similar to the N flag in the Zilog Z80 the mPD8080A has a SUB flag bit 5 of the flag register to indicate that a subtraction was performed The MOV r r instruction requires 4 clock cycles Intel 8080 5 clock cycles 3 byte instructions are allowed in an interrupt acknowledge cycle so a CALL instruction to any memory address can be used Intel 8080 only 1 byte RST instructions are allowed Unfortunately these improvements cause some programs written for the Intel 8080 not to run correctly To overcome this problem NEC introduced the mCOM 80F mPD8080AF which is completely compatible with the Intel 8080 in all details The 1979 catalog no longer listed the improved mPD8080A 6 117 With the TK 80 NEC offered a development board for mCOM 80 which due to its low price became popular with hobbyists mCOM 82 Edit The mCOM 82 mPD780 is an 8 bit microprocessor compatible with the Zilog Z80 The mPD780C corresponds to the original Z80 max 2 5 MHz clock while the mPD780C 1 corresponds to the Z80A max 4 MHz clock and the mPD780C 2 to the Z80B max 6 MHz clock 6 167 172 The µPD780C 1 was used in Sinclair s ZX80 ZX81 and early versions of the ZX Spectrum in several MSX and NEC PC 6000 PC 8000 PC 8800 computers in musical synthesizers such as Oberheim OB 8 and in Sega s SG 1000 game console A CMOS version mPD70008 followed later mCOM 84 Edit The µCOM 84 µPD8048 etc is compatible with Intel s 8 bit microcontroller 8048 5 250 6 211 209 CMOS microcontrollers up to mPD80C50 followed 8 345 355 but an Intel 8051 compatible product which is the 8 bit industry standard was never offered mCOM 85 Edit The µCOM 85 µPD8085 is an Intel 8085 compatible 8 bit microprocessor 5 248 6 197 246 mCOM 86 mCOM 88 Edit The µCOM 86 µPD8086 8 411 422 and µCOM 88 µPD8088 9 447 456 are Intel 8086 and Intel 8088 compatible 16 bit microprocessors They were superseded by the V series mCOM 87 mCOM 87AD Edit The µCOM 87 µPD7800 etc 7 193 198 8 239 301 and µCOM 87AD µPD7810 etc 9 325 328 are NEC original 8 bit microcontrollers The mCOM 87AD adds an A D converter to the mCOM 87 The register configuration consists of two sets of 8 registers each A V B C D E H L The V register is a vector register that stores the upper 8 bits of the address of the working memory area and the short address space which is fixed in the current 78K series can be freely arranged The mPD7805 and mPD7806 have only one set of 7 registers no V register 9 321 323 10 4 35 4 44 In the µPD7807 and later the ALU is expanded to 16 bit and an EA register is added for 16 bit operation 9 325 328 10 4 45 4 64 11 The series came in 64 pin quad in line package This series was superseded by the 78K series mCOM 16 series EditmCOM 16 Edit The mCOM 16 is a NEC original 16 bit microprocessor implemented in two chips the mPD755 register ALU and mPD756 controller in 1974 3 mCOM 1600 mPD768 mCOM 1600 Edit The mCOM 1600 mPD768 is a NEC original single chip 16 bit microprocessor that was announced in 1978 12 The processor has 93 basic instructions consisting of 1 to 3 16 bit words The memory space of 1 Mbyte 512K words is byte addressable The I O address space is 2048 bytes There are 14 general purpose registers The processor has a 2 input vector interrupt DMA control refresh control for DRAM and a master slave mode to enable multiprocessor operation References Edit a b NEC 751 AntiqueTech Retrieved 2020 07 11 NEC Databook 8 bit single chip microcomputer Vol 1 1994 1995 a b 1970s Development and evolution of microprocessors PDF Semiconductor History Museum of Japan 2019 01 23 Archived from the original PDF on 2019 06 27 Retrieved 2020 07 11 NEC Electronic Device Data Book 76 a b c d e NEC 1977 Catalog Lexington MA NEC Microcomputers Inc Retrieved 2020 07 13 a b c d e f g h NEC 1979 Catalog Wellesley MA NEC Microcomputers Inc Retrieved 2020 07 11 a b NEC 1980 Catalog Wellesley MA NEC Microcomputers Inc Retrieved 2020 07 16 a b c d e f NEC 1981 Catalog Wellesley MA NEC Microcomputers Inc Retrieved 2020 07 16 a b c d e NEC 1982 Catalog San Mateo CA NEC Electronics U S A Inc Retrieved 2020 07 21 a b NEC Microcomputer Products 1984 Data Book Mountain View CA NEC Electronics Retrieved 2020 07 22 NEC Databook Single Chip 8bit 1983 100 Year History of NEC Corporation NEC December 25 2001 p 669 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title NEC mCOM series amp oldid 1127529519 mCOM 4 series, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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