The event commonly referred to as Číhošť miracle[1] happened on 11 December 1949, during the third Sunday in Advent, in the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in the village of Číhošť, Havlíčkův Brod District, Czechoslovakia. The alleged miracle was used by Communist authorities as a pretext for anti-religious repression.[2] The priest Josef Toufar was tortured and died during the investigation of the event.
Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Číhošť
During a church service held on 11 December 1949 in the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Číhošť, several witnesses noticed that a half-metre long iron cross standing on the main altar moved several times on its own.[3] The next day, one of them notified the priest, Josef Toufar, about the unusual event.[4] Toufar claimed that he didn't notice anything, stating that he was in the pulpit, with his back to the altar and the cross.[5] Later, he recorded the testimonies of 19 witnesses and soon after that, on 21 December, SNB (Czechoslovak National Security Corps) officers arrived to the village to examine the church.[6]
The information about the miracle quickly spread and caught the attention of the authorities of the Communist state established after the coup d'état of 1948 in Czechoslovakia.[4] The StB (State Security) decided to exploit the event for propaganda purposes to discredit the Roman Catholic Church.[7] In January 1950, they arrested Toufar and forced him—under brutal torture—to testify that he faked the miracle by installing a mechanical device leading from the pulpit to the cross.[7] According to their version, he operated the device in order to deceive parishioners. During the interrogation, they took him back to Číhošť to film a falsified reconstruction of the event. Toufar was so badly beaten that in some passages of the film he had to be replaced by another priest.[8] Shortly after that, he was transferred to a closely guarded state hospital in Prague, where he died on 25 February 1950, under a false name.[9]
Josef Toufar was born on 14 July 1902, in Arnolec. He studied to become a priest and came to Číhošť in 1948, at the time when independent and supranational Catholic Church became a dangerous enemy for the newly established Czechoslovak Communist state.[13] The repressions against the Church have gradually taken various shapes and resulted in arrests, tortures and murders. Fr. Toufar was one of many priests subjected to close monitoring and suspected of anti-state activities.
The police officer František Goldbricht was in the church on 21 December 1949, a few days before the StB agents presented the story about the built-in mechanical device. During the reconstruction of the case in 1968, he claimed that he didn't notice any such thing behind or under the altar.[6] The StB claimed that the ropes and wires needed to set the cross into motion were hidden behind a bouquet of flowers on the altar, which was improbable as Church rules prohibit placing flowers on altars during Advent.[14]
After the news about the miracle spread, the church became a popular place for a visit and many of the visitors asked Toufar for a small souvenir. The photographer Josef Peške, who made a photo of the cross on his request, later claimed that there wasn't any device under the cross. He copied the photo and Toufar distributed it to visitors. Peške was later sentenced to 13 years in prison, for "promotion of the Číhošť Miracle".[15]
The warrant to arrest Fr Toufar was initially assigned to the local StB department in Jihlava, however, it was unsuccessful, as the priest was guarded by parishioners.[16] He was arrested by the Prague department on 28 January 1950, and deported to the Valdice prison.[17] The investigation of the "Číhošť Miracle" was closely watched by the highest communist authorities, Central Committee of the Communist Party and President Klement Gottwald. A member of the investigation team, Miloš Hrabina, remembered in 1962 that it was necessary to obtain incriminating materials, mainly the suspect's confession. A team of technicians was assigned to construct a mechanical device leading from the pulpit to the altar. They failed and then constructed a model which they presented at a press conference in March, 1950.[18] Additionally, Fr. Toufar refused to recant, and was beaten repeatedly until he finally signed the confession contrived by Communists.[7] During February 1950, his interrogator Ladislav Mácha[19] "has beaten him so severely that on the 23rd of that month, he was unable to sit, move and spoke only very heavily." During his transfer to Číhošť shortly before his death, he had to be supported by the StB agents, as he was unable to walk on his smashed legs. His bleeding mouth had to be continuously wiped.[20]
Josef Toufar died on 25 February,[21] shortly after returning from Číhošť. His autopsy report was falsified in order to conceal mentions of injuries caused by torment in prison. He died under the false name J. Zouhar and was buried in a mass grave near to Ďáblice cemetery,[7] allegedly along with a dead elephant from a zoo or a circus performing in Prague.[22] His death was finally reported to his family four years later.
Propaganda and fiction
The death of Josef Toufar and the "Číhošť miracle" have inspired several writers and filmmakers to create works of fiction and propaganda documents surrounding it:
Běda tomu, skrze něhož přichází pohoršení (Alas for the One Through Whom the Umbrage Comes), a short propaganda film created by Přemysl Freiman in 1950[23]
Josef Škvorecký's novel Mirákl (The Miracle Game, 1972) is based on the story
^ abcdWilloughby, Ian (13 December 2009). "This "Silver Sunday" 60th since start of grotesque episode of Communist period". Czech Radio. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
^Mlejnek, Josef; Šustrová, Petruška (10 December 2012). "Číhošťský zázrak" (in Czech). Moderní-Dějiny.cz. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
^"Kněze Josefa Toufara umučili komunisté. Biskupové ho chtějí prohlásit za svatého". Hospodářské noviny (in Czech). IHned. 24 April 2013. Retrieved 24 April 2013.
^Fejgl, Jiří (7 August 2013). "'I svatý může mít slabosti,' říká historik a kněz Tomáš Petráček". Deník (in Czech). denik.cz. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
Roberts, Andrew Lawrence (2005). From Good King Wenceslas to the Good Soldier Švejk: a Dictionary of Czech Popular Culture. Central European University Press. ISBN978-963-7326-26-4.
Doležal, Miloš (2012). Jako bychom dnes zemřít měli : Drama života, kněžství a mučednické smrti číhošťského faráře P. Josefa Toufara (in Czech). Pelhřimov: Nová tiskárna Pelhřimov. ISBN978-80-7415-066-1.
External links
In nomine patris - Viktor Preiss plays Josef Toufar in a fictional documentary made by the Czech Television(in Czech)
January 06, 2023
Číhošť, miracle, event, commonly, referred, happened, december, 1949, during, third, sunday, advent, church, assumption, virgin, mary, village, Číhošť, havlíčkův, brod, district, czechoslovakia, alleged, miracle, used, communist, authorities, pretext, anti, re. The event commonly referred to as Cihost miracle 1 happened on 11 December 1949 during the third Sunday in Advent in the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in the village of Cihost Havlickuv Brod District Czechoslovakia The alleged miracle was used by Communist authorities as a pretext for anti religious repression 2 The priest Josef Toufar was tortured and died during the investigation of the event Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Cihost Contents 1 Basic overview 2 Background 3 Propaganda and fiction 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksBasic overview EditDuring a church service held on 11 December 1949 in the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Cihost several witnesses noticed that a half metre long iron cross standing on the main altar moved several times on its own 3 The next day one of them notified the priest Josef Toufar about the unusual event 4 Toufar claimed that he didn t notice anything stating that he was in the pulpit with his back to the altar and the cross 5 Later he recorded the testimonies of 19 witnesses and soon after that on 21 December SNB Czechoslovak National Security Corps officers arrived to the village to examine the church 6 The information about the miracle quickly spread and caught the attention of the authorities of the Communist state established after the coup d etat of 1948 in Czechoslovakia 4 The StB State Security decided to exploit the event for propaganda purposes to discredit the Roman Catholic Church 7 In January 1950 they arrested Toufar and forced him under brutal torture to testify that he faked the miracle by installing a mechanical device leading from the pulpit to the cross 7 According to their version he operated the device in order to deceive parishioners During the interrogation they took him back to Cihost to film a falsified reconstruction of the event Toufar was so badly beaten that in some passages of the film he had to be replaced by another priest 8 Shortly after that he was transferred to a closely guarded state hospital in Prague where he died on 25 February 1950 under a false name 9 The court case of the Cihost Miracle was heavily manipulated by the Communist authorities It was reopened in 1968 during a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia however the investigation was stopped after the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 10 Josef Toufar was fully rehabilitated only in 1998 In 2013 the Czech Bishops Conference announced the intention to start the process of beatification for him 11 Historian Tomas Petracek was appointed as a postulator of his case 12 Background EditJosef Toufar was born on 14 July 1902 in Arnolec He studied to become a priest and came to Cihost in 1948 at the time when independent and supranational Catholic Church became a dangerous enemy for the newly established Czechoslovak Communist state 13 The repressions against the Church have gradually taken various shapes and resulted in arrests tortures and murders Fr Toufar was one of many priests subjected to close monitoring and suspected of anti state activities The police officer Frantisek Goldbricht was in the church on 21 December 1949 a few days before the StB agents presented the story about the built in mechanical device During the reconstruction of the case in 1968 he claimed that he didn t notice any such thing behind or under the altar 6 The StB claimed that the ropes and wires needed to set the cross into motion were hidden behind a bouquet of flowers on the altar which was improbable as Church rules prohibit placing flowers on altars during Advent 14 After the news about the miracle spread the church became a popular place for a visit and many of the visitors asked Toufar for a small souvenir The photographer Josef Peske who made a photo of the cross on his request later claimed that there wasn t any device under the cross He copied the photo and Toufar distributed it to visitors Peske was later sentenced to 13 years in prison for promotion of the Cihost Miracle 15 The warrant to arrest Fr Toufar was initially assigned to the local StB department in Jihlava however it was unsuccessful as the priest was guarded by parishioners 16 He was arrested by the Prague department on 28 January 1950 and deported to the Valdice prison 17 The investigation of the Cihost Miracle was closely watched by the highest communist authorities Central Committee of the Communist Party and President Klement Gottwald A member of the investigation team Milos Hrabina remembered in 1962 that it was necessary to obtain incriminating materials mainly the suspect s confession A team of technicians was assigned to construct a mechanical device leading from the pulpit to the altar They failed and then constructed a model which they presented at a press conference in March 1950 18 Additionally Fr Toufar refused to recant and was beaten repeatedly until he finally signed the confession contrived by Communists 7 During February 1950 his interrogator Ladislav Macha 19 has beaten him so severely that on the 23rd of that month he was unable to sit move and spoke only very heavily During his transfer to Cihost shortly before his death he had to be supported by the StB agents as he was unable to walk on his smashed legs His bleeding mouth had to be continuously wiped 20 Josef Toufar died on 25 February 21 shortly after returning from Cihost His autopsy report was falsified in order to conceal mentions of injuries caused by torment in prison He died under the false name J Zouhar and was buried in a mass grave near to Dablice cemetery 7 allegedly along with a dead elephant from a zoo or a circus performing in Prague 22 His death was finally reported to his family four years later Propaganda and fiction EditThe death of Josef Toufar and the Cihost miracle have inspired several writers and filmmakers to create works of fiction and propaganda documents surrounding it Beda tomu skrze nehoz prichazi pohorseni Alas for the One Through Whom the Umbrage Comes a short propaganda film created by Premysl Freiman in 1950 23 Josef Skvorecky s novel Mirakl The Miracle Game 1972 is based on the story Toufar a chamber opera composed by Ales Brezina directed by Petr Zelenka Performed in the National Theatre in Prague 24 Notes Edit Roberts 2005 p 27 Motyl Ivan 24 February 2010 Cihostsky zazrak Pred sedesati lety umucili patera in Czech Tyden Retrieved 10 March 2013 Dolezal 2012 p 134 a b Cihostsky zazrak je nevysvetlitelny rika Milos Dolezal in Czech Czech Television 24 December 2012 Retrieved 10 March 2013 Dolezal 2012 p 135 a b Dolezal 2012 p 137 a b c d Willoughby Ian 13 December 2009 This Silver Sunday 60th since start of grotesque episode of Communist period Czech Radio Retrieved 10 March 2013 Dolezal 2012 p 192 Dolezal 2012 p 196 Mlejnek Josef Sustrova Petruska 10 December 2012 Cihostsky zazrak in Czech Moderni Dejiny cz Retrieved 13 March 2013 Kneze Josefa Toufara umucili komuniste Biskupove ho chteji prohlasit za svateho Hospodarske noviny in Czech IHned 24 April 2013 Retrieved 24 April 2013 Fejgl Jiri 7 August 2013 I svaty muze mit slabosti rika historik a knez Tomas Petracek Denik in Czech denik cz Retrieved 27 May 2014 Dolezal 2012 p 105 Palan Ales 17 July 2007 Cihost krizek se pohnul nekolikrat in Czech Katolicky tydenik Retrieved 13 March 2013 Dolezal 2012 pp 147 148 Dolezal 2012 p 161 Dolezal 2012 p 164 Dolezal 2012 p 201 Current Affairs November 2 1999 Czech Radio 2 November 1999 Retrieved 13 March 2013 Dolezal 2012 p 191 Transitions Online Central Europe 15 January 1999 Transitions Online Retrieved 13 March 2013 Dolezal 2012 p 200 Alas for the One Through Whom the Umbrage Comes Jihlava International Documentary Film Festival Retrieved 14 March 2013 Toufar National Theatre in Prague Retrieved 14 March 2013 References EditRoberts Andrew Lawrence 2005 From Good King Wenceslas to the Good Soldier Svejk a Dictionary of Czech Popular Culture Central European University Press ISBN 978 963 7326 26 4 Dolezal Milos 2012 Jako bychom dnes zemrit meli Drama zivota knezstvi a mucednicke smrti cihostskeho farare P Josefa Toufara in Czech Pelhrimov Nova tiskarna Pelhrimov ISBN 978 80 7415 066 1 External links EditIn nomine patris Viktor Preiss plays Josef Toufar in a fictional documentary made by the Czech Television in Czech Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cihost miracle amp oldid 1096495026, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
