Ælfgar (died c. 1062) was the son of Leofric, Earl of Mercia, by his famous wife Godgifu (Lady Godiva).[1] He succeeded to his father's title and responsibilities on the latter's death in 1057. He gained the additional title of Earl of East Anglia, but also was exiled for a time. Through the first marriage of his daughter he became father-in-law to Welsh king Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, a few years after his death, his daughter became a widow and married the English King Harold.
Roundel from the Guthlac Roll depicting various benefactors to St Guthlac's shrine, including King Æthelbald of Mercia, Abbot Thurketel and Earl Ælfgar.
Ælfgar profited from the exile of Earl Godwin of Wessex and his sons in 1051. He was given the Earldom of East Anglia, which had been that of Harold, son of Godwin. Earl Godwin and King Edward were reconciled the following year, so Harold was restored to his earldom—but not for long. At Easter 1053 Godwin died, so Harold became Earl of Wessex, and the earldom of East Anglia returned to Ælfgar.[2][3]
Ælfgar seems to have learned from the tactics Godwin used to put pressure on King Edward. When Ælfgar was exiled in 1055, he raised a fleet of 18 ships in Ireland and then turned to Wales, where King Gruffydd agreed to join forces with him against King Edward. Two miles from Hereford, on 24 October, they clashed with the army of the Earl of Herefordshire, Ralph the Timid. The Earl and his men eventually took flight, and Gruffydd and Ælfgar pursued them, killing and wounding as they went, and enacting savage reprisals on Hereford. They despoiled and burnt the town, killing many of its citizens. King Edward ordered an army mustered and put Earl Harold in charge of it. This was more formidable opposition, and Ælfgar and Gruffydd fled to south Wales. However, the issue was resolved by diplomacy and Earl Ælfgar was reinstated.[4]
Familyedit
Ælfgar is believed to have married Ælgifu, believed to be the sister of William Malet, Lord of Eye, as well as a possible relative of Ælgifu of Northampton, King Canute's first wife.[2] He is known to have had at least four children, although their birth dates are unknown. They are, in no particular order:
Ælfgar's son Burgheard predeceased his father, expiring while returning from Rome early in 1061, and was buried at Reims. This led Ælfgar to give to Reims Abbey lands in Staffordshire and Shropshire, which became the endowment for Lapley Priory. He was survived by three other children.[2]
Deathedit
Ælfgar is believed to have died around 1062, well before the Battle of Hastings. His daughter's children, of the defeated King Harold, are believed to have lived in exile.
Notesedit
^Patrick W. Montague-Smith Letters: Godiva's family treeThe Times, 25 January 1983
^ abcdAnn Williams, 'Ælfgar, earl of Mercia (d. 1060)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 , accessed 18 April 2008
^The Chronicle of John of Worcester ed. and trans. R. R. Darlington, P. McGurk and J. Bray (Clarendon Press: Oxford 1995), pp.576-79; The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
^Baxter, Stephen (2008), "The death of Burgheard son of Ælfgar and its context", in Fouracre, Paul; Ganz, David (eds.), Frankland. The Franks and the world of the Early Middle Ages. Essays in honour of Dame Jinty Nelson, Manchester University Press, pp. 266–284, ISBN978-0-7190-7669-5
Ælfgar, earl, mercia, Ælfgar, died, 1062, leofric, earl, mercia, famous, wife, godgifu, lady, godiva, succeeded, father, title, responsibilities, latter, death, 1057, gained, additional, title, earl, east, anglia, also, exiled, time, through, first, marriage, . AElfgar died c 1062 was the son of Leofric Earl of Mercia by his famous wife Godgifu Lady Godiva 1 He succeeded to his father s title and responsibilities on the latter s death in 1057 He gained the additional title of Earl of East Anglia but also was exiled for a time Through the first marriage of his daughter he became father in law to Welsh king Gruffydd ap Llywelyn a few years after his death his daughter became a widow and married the English King Harold Roundel from the Guthlac Roll depicting various benefactors to St Guthlac s shrine including King AEthelbald of Mercia Abbot Thurketel and Earl AElfgar Contents 1 War and exile 2 Family 3 Death 4 Notes 5 External linksWar and exile editAElfgar profited from the exile of Earl Godwin of Wessex and his sons in 1051 He was given the Earldom of East Anglia which had been that of Harold son of Godwin Earl Godwin and King Edward were reconciled the following year so Harold was restored to his earldom but not for long At Easter 1053 Godwin died so Harold became Earl of Wessex and the earldom of East Anglia returned to AElfgar 2 3 AElfgar seems to have learned from the tactics Godwin used to put pressure on King Edward When AElfgar was exiled in 1055 he raised a fleet of 18 ships in Ireland and then turned to Wales where King Gruffydd agreed to join forces with him against King Edward Two miles from Hereford on 24 October they clashed with the army of the Earl of Herefordshire Ralph the Timid The Earl and his men eventually took flight and Gruffydd and AElfgar pursued them killing and wounding as they went and enacting savage reprisals on Hereford They despoiled and burnt the town killing many of its citizens King Edward ordered an army mustered and put Earl Harold in charge of it This was more formidable opposition and AElfgar and Gruffydd fled to south Wales However the issue was resolved by diplomacy and Earl AElfgar was reinstated 4 Family editAElfgar is believed to have married AElgifu believed to be the sister of William Malet Lord of Eye as well as a possible relative of AElgifu of Northampton King Canute s first wife 2 He is known to have had at least four children although their birth dates are unknown They are in no particular order Burgheard d 1061 predeceased his father 2 5 Edwin d 1071 later earl of Mercia Morcar d after 1087 later earl of Northumbria Ealdgyth queen consort of Wales and later of England wife of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn and Harold II her first and second husbands respectively AElfgar s son Burgheard predeceased his father expiring while returning from Rome early in 1061 and was buried at Reims This led AElfgar to give to Reims Abbey lands in Staffordshire and Shropshire which became the endowment for Lapley Priory He was survived by three other children 2 Death editAElfgar is believed to have died around 1062 well before the Battle of Hastings His daughter s children of the defeated King Harold are believed to have lived in exile Notes edit Patrick W Montague Smith Letters Godiva s family tree The Times 25 January 1983 a b c d Ann Williams AElfgar earl of Mercia d 1060 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press 2004 accessed 18 April 2008 The Anglo Saxon Chronicle The Chronicle of John of Worcester ed and trans R R Darlington P McGurk and J Bray Clarendon Press Oxford 1995 pp 576 79 The Anglo Saxon Chronicle Baxter Stephen 2008 The death of Burgheard son of AElfgar and its context in Fouracre Paul Ganz David eds Frankland The Franks and the world of the Early Middle Ages Essays in honour of Dame Jinty Nelson Manchester University Press pp 266 284 ISBN 978 0 7190 7669 5External links editAElfgar 46 at Prosopography of Anglo Saxon England Preceded byLeofric Earl of Mercia1057 1062 Succeeded byEdwin Preceded byHarold Godwinson Earl of East Anglia1053 1057 Succeeded byGyrth Godwinson Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title AElfgar Earl of Mercia amp oldid 1214049840, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
