fbpx
Wikipedia

G. Harry Stine

George Harry Stine (March 26, 1928 – November 2, 1997) was one of the founding figures of model rocketry, a science and technology writer, and (under the name Lee Correy) a science fiction author.

G. Harry Stine
G. Harry Stine preparing a model rocket for launch at NARAM-12, Houston, TX, 1970
Born(1928-03-26)March 26, 1928
DiedNovember 2, 1997(1997-11-02) (aged 69)
Other namesLee Correy
Known formodel rocketry, science fiction

Education and early career

Stine grew up in Colorado Springs and attended New Mexico Military Institute and Colorado College in Colorado Springs, majoring in physics. Upon his graduation he went to work at White Sands Proving Grounds, first as a civilian scientist and then, from 1955 to 1957, at the U.S. Naval Ordnance Missile Test Facility as head of the Range Operations Division.[1]

Stine and his wife Barbara were friends of author Robert A. Heinlein, who sponsored their wedding, as Harry's parents were dead and Barbara's mother too ill to travel. Several of Heinlein's books are dedicated one or both of them, most particularly Have Space Suit - Will Travel.[2] Stine wrote science fiction under the pen name "Lee Correy" in the mid-1950s and under his own name in the 1980s and 1990s, as well as writing science articles for Popular Mechanics.

thomas BC

After White Sands, Stine was employed at several other aerospace companies, finally ending up at Martin working on the Titan project. This job was short-lived: he was abruptly fired in 1957 when United Press called him for a reaction to the launch of Sputnik 1, and he repeated to them a passage from his just-published book Earth Satellites and the Race for Space Superiority, in which he wrote, "For the first time since the dawn of history, the Earth is going to have more than one moon. This is due to happen within the next few months—or it may have already happened even at the time you are reading this."[3] The next day he was told to clear out his desk. To be more precise, in his "The Formative Years of Model Rocketry, 1957–1962; A Personal Memoir" (International Astronautical Federation, IAF XXVIIth Congress, Anaheim, CA, October 10–16, 1976 (76-241), he wrote "I was fired by the Martin Company on October 5, 1957, for telling United Press that the Soviets had used their ICBM as a launch vehicle (which they had), that Sputnik meant that the entire United States was open to nuclear ICBM attack (which it still is), and that the United States was not first in space because we did not have a serious space program (which we did not under the Eisenhower administration)."[4]

Back in his days at White Sands he had handled inquiries from young people concerning rockets, and early in 1957 he wrote an article for Mechanics Illustrated about rocket safety. Shortly thereafter he received a letter from Orville Carlisle, who had begun making small models and, more importantly, replaceable solid fuel engines to power them. Stine was impressed with the samples that Carlisle had sent him, and wrote a cover article for the October MI issue about them. After the Martin firing, he contacted Carlisle and the two of them formed Model Missiles Inc., the first manufacturer of model rockets and their engines. Stine also founded the National Association of Rocketry (initially called the Model Missile Association) and wrote the safety code which became its centerpiece; he served as its president until the late 1960s.

MMI was short-lived, as they were unprepared to handle the level of business they attracted and because of some poor business decisions. Issues with the production of early engines caused them to seek out Vernon Estes, who came to them in the summer of 1958. Estes's design and construction of "Mabel", the first engine-manufacturing machine, was the foundation of his success and put Estes Industries in a dominant position in the hobby which it was never to relinquish.

Stine continued to work to popularize the hobby, writing the Handbook of Model Rocketry in 1965, which went on through seven editions over the years. He returned to the aerospace industry, continuing to write under his pen name, including a Star Trek novel called The Abode of Life and the original novel Shuttle Down. Under his own name, he was a regular science-fact columnist for Astounding and its later successor Analog. He was a consultant to CBS News during the Apollo program, along with Lindy Davis, Charles Friedlander and Richard C. Hoagland. Stine would also occasionally advise Rick Sternbach and Mike Okuda in their work for Star Trek: The Next Generation as technical artists and advisors, and was credited in Star Trek: The Next Generation Technical Manual for that assistance. The character named "Harry Stein" in the novel Stardance (by Spider Robinson and Jeanne Robinson) is a homage to Stine.

Other work

Stine was very interested in the interaction of volunteer/free market Libertarian ideas with space colonization and as a tool of citizen diplomacy and world peace, and so was called to serve as Chair of the Advisory Board of the Libertarian International Organization where he mentored various citizen initiatives until his death. In the wake of his book, The Third Industrial Revolution, he was asked to co-organize the American Astronautical Society 1977 conference on private space colonization to re-channel focus away from space exploration alone, and where he received an award as a founder of the international space effort. He was interested in the concept of non-immediate profit-driven free markets, and was seen as a developer and defender[5] of the "pay it forward" approach with Robert A. Heinlein, a term also popularized in a movie of that name, starring Kevin Spacey and other stars. In addition to The Third Industrial Revolution, he wrote several other books encouraging public awareness of the possibilities of a lucrative and socially beneficial active space industry.[6][1]

Stine was a founding member of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy, and attended several meetings including the 1980 meeting that prepared the space defense policy papers for the Reagan Transition Team. The Council was instrumental in developing the Reagan Strategic Defense Initiative which became known as Star Wars.[citation needed]

Stine was active in the development of fire safety standards dealing with model rocketry and pyrotechnics. He served on the National Fire Protection Association's Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics, representing the National Association of Rocketry, being first appointed in 1967 and then appointed as committee chair in February 1974. This technical committee was responsible for drafting the Association's Code for Model Rocketry, NFPA 41L, which is now known as NFPA 1122, Code for Unmanned Rockets. He chaired the committee until January, 1994 and received the Association's Committee Service Award in 1993.

Additional speculative works later in his life included "Warbots", a fictional concept based on a melded human/robotic military force that utilized a mixed combination of AI-driven robotic military units with on-site human commanders and enlisted personnel to assess the situation and adjust goals and activities to match the conditions of action in the face of inevitable changes, focusing on the power and dispensability of AI-driven machines with the flexibility and adaptability of the human mind and body.[citation needed]

He died on November 2, 1997, in Phoenix, Arizona, of an apparent stroke.[7]

Bibliography

Science fiction

Hardback, as Lee Correy
Paperback, as Lee Correy
  • Contraband Rocket, Ace Double, 1955, ISBN 978-0-441-04146-6
  • Star Driver, Del Rey, July 1980
  • Shuttle Down, Del Rey, April 1981
  • Space Doctor, Del Rey, June 1981
  • The Abode of Life, Pocket Science Fiction, May 1982
  • Manna, DAW Science Fiction, January 1984
  • A Matter of Metalaw, DAW Science Fiction, October 1986
Paperback, as G. Harry Stine
  • G. Harry Stine (1980). "The Day the Sky Burned". Destinies. Vol. 2, no. 4 – via the Internet Archive.
  • Warbots, Pinnacle Science Fiction, May 1988, ISBN 1-55817-111-8
  • Warbots #2: Operation Steel Band, Pinnacle Science Fiction, July 1988, ISBN 1-55817-061-8
  • Warbots #3: The Bastaard Rebellion, Pinnacle Science Fiction, September 1988, ISBN 1-55817-089-8
  • Warbots #4: Sierra Madre, Pinnacle Science Fiction, November 1988, ISBN 1-55817-132-0
  • Warbots #5: Operation High Dragon, Pinnacle Science Fiction, January 1989, ISBN 1-55817-159-2
  • Warbots #6: The Lost Battalion, Pinnacle Science Fiction, April 1989, ISBN 1-55817-205-X
  • Warbots #7: Operation Iron Fist, Pinnacle Science Fiction, August 1990, ISBN 1-55817-253-X
  • Warbots #8: Force of Arms, Pinnacle Science Fiction, March 1990, ISBN 1-55817-324-2
  • Warbots #9: Blood Siege, Pinnacle Science Fiction, September 1990, ISBN 1-55817-402-8
  • Warbots #10: Guts and Glory, Pinnacle Science Fiction, June 1991, ISBN 1-55817-453-2
  • Warbots #11: Warrior Shield, Pinnacle Science Fiction, February 1992, ISBN 1-55817-589-X
  • Warbots #12: Judgement Day, Pinnacle Science Fiction, September 1992, ISBN 1-55817-642-X
  • Starsea Invaders: First Action, New American Library, August 1993
  • Starsea Invaders: Second Contact, New American Library, March 1994
  • Starsea Invaders: Third Encounter, New American Library, May 1995
  • Open Space (graphic novel, undated)

Non-fiction

  • Earth Satellites and the Race for Space Superiority, 1957
  • Rocket Power and Space Flight, Henry Holt & Co., 1957
  • Man and the Space Frontier, 1962
  • The Third Industrial Revolution, Putnam, 1975, ISBN 0-399-11552-8
  • Shuttle into Space: A Ride in America's Space Transportation, 1978
  • The Third Industrial Revolution, Ace Science Fiction, May 1979, ISBN 0-441-80664-3
  • The Space Enterprise, Ace Science, August 1980, ISBN 0-441-77756-2
  • Confrontation in Space, Prentice-Hall, 1981
  • Space Power, Ace Science, September 1981, ISBN 0-441-77744-9
  • The Space Enterprise, 1982
  • The Hopeful Future, MacMillan, 1983, ISBN 0-02-614790-4
  • The Silicon Gods, Dell, October, ISBN 0-440-08048-7, 1984
  • The Untold Story of The Computer Revolution, Arbor House, 1984, ISBN 0-87795-574-3
  • Frontiers of Science: Strange Machines You Can Build, Atheneum, 1985, ISBN 0-689-11562-8
  • Handbook for Space Colonists, Henry Holt & Co., 1985, ISBN 0-03-070741-2
  • On the Frontiers of Science, Atheneum, 1985, ISBN 0-689-11562-8
  • The Corporate Survivors, Amacom Books, 1986, ISBN 0-8144-5831-9
  • ICBM: The Making of the Weapon That Changed the World, Crown, 1991, ISBN 0-517-56768-7
  • Mind Machines You Can Build, Top Of The Mountain Publishing, 1992, ISBN 1-56087-075-3
  • Halfway to Anywhere, M. Evans and Company, N.Y., 1996, ISBN 0-87131-805-9
  • Living in Space, M. Evans & Co., 1997, ISBN 0-87131-841-5
  • The Manna Project: Business Opportunities in Outer Space, 1998

Model rocketry

  • The Handbook of Model Rocketry 1st ed., Follet Publishing, 1965
  • The Handbook of Model Rocketry 2nd ed., Follet Publishing, 1967
  • The Handbook of Model Rocketry 3rd ed., Follet Publishing, 1970
  • The Handbook of Model Rocketry 4th ed., Follet Publishing, 1976, ISBN 0-695-80616-5
  • The Handbook of Model Rocketry 5th ed., 1985, ISBN 0-668-05360-7
  • The Handbook of Model Rocketry 6th ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1994, ISBN 0-471-59361-3
  • The Handbook of Model Rocketry 7th ed., with Bill Stine, Wiley, 2004, ISBN 0-471-47242-5
  • The Model Rocketry Manual, 1969
  • The New Model Rocketry Manual, Arco Publishing, 1977
  • The New Model Rocketry Handbook, Arco Publishing, 1977, ISBN 0-668-04282-6 (paper edition)
  • The New Model Rocketry Handbook, Arco Publishing, 1977, ISBN 0-668-04030-0 (library edition)

References

  1. ^ a b "Biographical Note: G. Harry Stine". The Museum Of Flight. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
  2. ^ "Heinlein's Dedications". Retrieved March 9, 2010.
  3. ^ Dickson, Paul (2001). Sputnik: The Launch of the Space Race. McFarlane Walter & Ross. ISBN 1-55199-099-7.
  4. ^ Stine, G. Harry (1977) [Conference date: October 10–16, 1976]. "The Formative Years of Model Rocketry, 1957–1962; A Personal Memoir". In Napolitano, L. G. (ed.). A New Era in Space Transportation: Proceedings of the XXVIIth International Astronautical Congress, Anaheim, 10–16 October 1976. Oxford; New York: Pergamon Press. pp. 134–140. ISBN 0080217109. OCLC 849912282. 76-241 – via Google Books. An excerpt of the full paper, per the last paragraph ("In his full paper...").
  5. ^ . www.rocket.aero. Archived from the original on February 8, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2022.
  6. ^ "The Third Industrial Revolution". Goodreads. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
  7. ^ . Archived from the original on September 24, 2006. Retrieved September 22, 2006. SFWA Obituaries, G. Harry Stine

External links

harry, stine, 19th, century, baseball, player, harry, stine, baseball, businessman, harry, stine, businessman, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introd. For the 19th century baseball player see Harry Stine baseball For the businessman see Harry Stine businessman This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations September 2010 Learn how and when to remove this template message George Harry Stine March 26 1928 November 2 1997 was one of the founding figures of model rocketry a science and technology writer and under the name Lee Correy a science fiction author G Harry StineG Harry Stine preparing a model rocket for launch at NARAM 12 Houston TX 1970Born 1928 03 26 March 26 1928DiedNovember 2 1997 1997 11 02 aged 69 Other namesLee CorreyKnown formodel rocketry science fiction Contents 1 Education and early career 2 thomas BC 3 Other work 4 Bibliography 4 1 Science fiction 4 2 Non fiction 4 2 1 Model rocketry 5 References 6 External linksEducation and early career EditStine grew up in Colorado Springs and attended New Mexico Military Institute and Colorado College in Colorado Springs majoring in physics Upon his graduation he went to work at White Sands Proving Grounds first as a civilian scientist and then from 1955 to 1957 at the U S Naval Ordnance Missile Test Facility as head of the Range Operations Division 1 Stine and his wife Barbara were friends of author Robert A Heinlein who sponsored their wedding as Harry s parents were dead and Barbara s mother too ill to travel Several of Heinlein s books are dedicated one or both of them most particularly Have Space Suit Will Travel 2 Stine wrote science fiction under the pen name Lee Correy in the mid 1950s and under his own name in the 1980s and 1990s as well as writing science articles for Popular Mechanics thomas BC EditAfter White Sands Stine was employed at several other aerospace companies finally ending up at Martin working on the Titan project This job was short lived he was abruptly fired in 1957 when United Press called him for a reaction to the launch of Sputnik 1 and he repeated to them a passage from his just published book Earth Satellites and the Race for Space Superiority in which he wrote For the first time since the dawn of history the Earth is going to have more than one moon This is due to happen within the next few months or it may have already happened even at the time you are reading this 3 The next day he was told to clear out his desk To be more precise in his The Formative Years of Model Rocketry 1957 1962 A Personal Memoir International Astronautical Federation IAF XXVIIth Congress Anaheim CA October 10 16 1976 76 241 he wrote I was fired by the Martin Company on October 5 1957 for telling United Press that the Soviets had used their ICBM as a launch vehicle which they had that Sputnik meant that the entire United States was open to nuclear ICBM attack which it still is and that the United States was not first in space because we did not have a serious space program which we did not under the Eisenhower administration 4 Back in his days at White Sands he had handled inquiries from young people concerning rockets and early in 1957 he wrote an article for Mechanics Illustrated about rocket safety Shortly thereafter he received a letter from Orville Carlisle who had begun making small models and more importantly replaceable solid fuel engines to power them Stine was impressed with the samples that Carlisle had sent him and wrote a cover article for the October MI issue about them After the Martin firing he contacted Carlisle and the two of them formed Model Missiles Inc the first manufacturer of model rockets and their engines Stine also founded the National Association of Rocketry initially called the Model Missile Association and wrote the safety code which became its centerpiece he served as its president until the late 1960s MMI was short lived as they were unprepared to handle the level of business they attracted and because of some poor business decisions Issues with the production of early engines caused them to seek out Vernon Estes who came to them in the summer of 1958 Estes s design and construction of Mabel the first engine manufacturing machine was the foundation of his success and put Estes Industries in a dominant position in the hobby which it was never to relinquish Stine continued to work to popularize the hobby writing the Handbook of Model Rocketry in 1965 which went on through seven editions over the years He returned to the aerospace industry continuing to write under his pen name including a Star Trek novel called The Abode of Life and the original novel Shuttle Down Under his own name he was a regular science fact columnist for Astounding and its later successor Analog He was a consultant to CBS News during the Apollo program along with Lindy Davis Charles Friedlander and Richard C Hoagland Stine would also occasionally advise Rick Sternbach and Mike Okuda in their work for Star Trek The Next Generation as technical artists and advisors and was credited in Star Trek The Next Generation Technical Manual for that assistance The character named Harry Stein in the novel Stardance by Spider Robinson and Jeanne Robinson is a homage to Stine Other work EditStine was very interested in the interaction of volunteer free market Libertarian ideas with space colonization and as a tool of citizen diplomacy and world peace and so was called to serve as Chair of the Advisory Board of the Libertarian International Organization where he mentored various citizen initiatives until his death In the wake of his book The Third Industrial Revolution he was asked to co organize the American Astronautical Society 1977 conference on private space colonization to re channel focus away from space exploration alone and where he received an award as a founder of the international space effort He was interested in the concept of non immediate profit driven free markets and was seen as a developer and defender 5 of the pay it forward approach with Robert A Heinlein a term also popularized in a movie of that name starring Kevin Spacey and other stars In addition to The Third Industrial Revolution he wrote several other books encouraging public awareness of the possibilities of a lucrative and socially beneficial active space industry 6 1 Stine was a founding member of the Citizens Advisory Council on National Space Policy and attended several meetings including the 1980 meeting that prepared the space defense policy papers for the Reagan Transition Team The Council was instrumental in developing the Reagan Strategic Defense Initiative which became known as Star Wars citation needed Stine was active in the development of fire safety standards dealing with model rocketry and pyrotechnics He served on the National Fire Protection Association s Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics representing the National Association of Rocketry being first appointed in 1967 and then appointed as committee chair in February 1974 This technical committee was responsible for drafting the Association s Code for Model Rocketry NFPA 41L which is now known as NFPA 1122 Code for Unmanned Rockets He chaired the committee until January 1994 and received the Association s Committee Service Award in 1993 Additional speculative works later in his life included Warbots a fictional concept based on a melded human robotic military force that utilized a mixed combination of AI driven robotic military units with on site human commanders and enlisted personnel to assess the situation and adjust goals and activities to match the conditions of action in the face of inevitable changes focusing on the power and dispensability of AI driven machines with the flexibility and adaptability of the human mind and body citation needed He died on November 2 1997 in Phoenix Arizona of an apparent stroke 7 Bibliography EditScience fiction Edit Hardback as Lee CorreyStarship Through Space Henry Holt 1954 Rocket Man Henry Holt 1955Paperback as Lee CorreyContraband Rocket Ace Double 1955 ISBN 978 0 441 04146 6 Star Driver Del Rey July 1980 Shuttle Down Del Rey April 1981 Space Doctor Del Rey June 1981 The Abode of Life Pocket Science Fiction May 1982 Manna DAW Science Fiction January 1984 A Matter of Metalaw DAW Science Fiction October 1986Paperback as G Harry StineG Harry Stine 1980 The Day the Sky Burned Destinies Vol 2 no 4 via the Internet Archive Warbots Pinnacle Science Fiction May 1988 ISBN 1 55817 111 8 Warbots 2 Operation Steel Band Pinnacle Science Fiction July 1988 ISBN 1 55817 061 8 Warbots 3 The Bastaard Rebellion Pinnacle Science Fiction September 1988 ISBN 1 55817 089 8 Warbots 4 Sierra Madre Pinnacle Science Fiction November 1988 ISBN 1 55817 132 0 Warbots 5 Operation High Dragon Pinnacle Science Fiction January 1989 ISBN 1 55817 159 2 Warbots 6 The Lost Battalion Pinnacle Science Fiction April 1989 ISBN 1 55817 205 X Warbots 7 Operation Iron Fist Pinnacle Science Fiction August 1990 ISBN 1 55817 253 X Warbots 8 Force of Arms Pinnacle Science Fiction March 1990 ISBN 1 55817 324 2 Warbots 9 Blood Siege Pinnacle Science Fiction September 1990 ISBN 1 55817 402 8 Warbots 10 Guts and Glory Pinnacle Science Fiction June 1991 ISBN 1 55817 453 2 Warbots 11 Warrior Shield Pinnacle Science Fiction February 1992 ISBN 1 55817 589 X Warbots 12 Judgement Day Pinnacle Science Fiction September 1992 ISBN 1 55817 642 X Starsea Invaders First Action New American Library August 1993 Starsea Invaders Second Contact New American Library March 1994 Starsea Invaders Third Encounter New American Library May 1995 Open Space graphic novel undated Non fiction Edit Earth Satellites and the Race for Space Superiority 1957 Rocket Power and Space Flight Henry Holt amp Co 1957 Man and the Space Frontier 1962 The Third Industrial Revolution Putnam 1975 ISBN 0 399 11552 8 Shuttle into Space A Ride in America s Space Transportation 1978 The Third Industrial Revolution Ace Science Fiction May 1979 ISBN 0 441 80664 3 The Space Enterprise Ace Science August 1980 ISBN 0 441 77756 2 Confrontation in Space Prentice Hall 1981 Space Power Ace Science September 1981 ISBN 0 441 77744 9 The Space Enterprise 1982 The Hopeful Future MacMillan 1983 ISBN 0 02 614790 4 The Silicon Gods Dell October ISBN 0 440 08048 7 1984 The Untold Story of The Computer Revolution Arbor House 1984 ISBN 0 87795 574 3 Frontiers of Science Strange Machines You Can Build Atheneum 1985 ISBN 0 689 11562 8 Handbook for Space Colonists Henry Holt amp Co 1985 ISBN 0 03 070741 2 On the Frontiers of Science Atheneum 1985 ISBN 0 689 11562 8 The Corporate Survivors Amacom Books 1986 ISBN 0 8144 5831 9 ICBM The Making of the Weapon That Changed the World Crown 1991 ISBN 0 517 56768 7 Mind Machines You Can Build Top Of The Mountain Publishing 1992 ISBN 1 56087 075 3 Halfway to Anywhere M Evans and Company N Y 1996 ISBN 0 87131 805 9 Living in Space M Evans amp Co 1997 ISBN 0 87131 841 5 The Manna Project Business Opportunities in Outer Space 1998Model rocketry Edit The Handbook of Model Rocketry 1st ed Follet Publishing 1965 The Handbook of Model Rocketry 2nd ed Follet Publishing 1967 The Handbook of Model Rocketry 3rd ed Follet Publishing 1970 The Handbook of Model Rocketry 4th ed Follet Publishing 1976 ISBN 0 695 80616 5 The Handbook of Model Rocketry 5th ed 1985 ISBN 0 668 05360 7 The Handbook of Model Rocketry 6th ed John Wiley amp Sons 1994 ISBN 0 471 59361 3 The Handbook of Model Rocketry 7th ed with Bill Stine Wiley 2004 ISBN 0 471 47242 5 The Model Rocketry Manual 1969 The New Model Rocketry Manual Arco Publishing 1977 The New Model Rocketry Handbook Arco Publishing 1977 ISBN 0 668 04282 6 paper edition The New Model Rocketry Handbook Arco Publishing 1977 ISBN 0 668 04030 0 library edition References Edit a b Biographical Note G Harry Stine The Museum Of Flight Retrieved January 9 2021 Heinlein s Dedications Retrieved March 9 2010 Dickson Paul 2001 Sputnik The Launch of the Space Race McFarlane Walter amp Ross ISBN 1 55199 099 7 Stine G Harry 1977 Conference date October 10 16 1976 The Formative Years of Model Rocketry 1957 1962 A Personal Memoir In Napolitano L G ed A New Era in Space Transportation Proceedings of the XXVIIth International Astronautical Congress Anaheim 10 16 October 1976 Oxford New York Pergamon Press pp 134 140 ISBN 0080217109 OCLC 849912282 76 241 via Google Books An excerpt of the full paper per the last paragraph In his full paper Paying Forward G Harry Stine www rocket aero Archived from the original on February 8 2009 Retrieved January 12 2022 The Third Industrial Revolution Goodreads Retrieved January 9 2021 SFWA Obituaries G Harry Stine Archived from the original on September 24 2006 Retrieved September 22 2006 SFWA Obituaries G Harry StineExternal links EditG Harry Stine at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database G Harry Stine Papers at The Museum of Flight Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title G Harry Stine amp oldid 1127633052, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.