Al-'Ain al-Sokhna (Arabic: العين السخنة, romanized: al-ʿAyn as-Sukhna Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [elˈʕeːn esˈsoxnæ], "the Hot Spring") is a town in the Suez Governorate, lying on the western shore of the Red Sea's Gulf of Suez. It is situated 55 kilometres (34 mi) south of Suez and approximately 120 kilometres (75 mi) east of Cairo.
Recent archaeological excavations have shown that there was an ancient Egyptian port and settlement in this area. The site was first brought to attention in 1999 by Professor Mahmud Abd El Raziq.[1] French and Egyptian archaeologists have been investigating this area since that time. It can be compared with the port of Mersa Gawasis further south. It connected the mining areas of the Sinai with Memphis some 120 km across the Eastern Desert, important for turqouise and copper.
Early Bronze
As early as the Old Kingdom, seafaring expeditions on the Red Sea were organized from this port. Similar material was also found at the Wadi Maghareh, where many Old Kingdom inscriptions are found.[2]
In Year 1 of Mentuhotep IV, an expedition of 3,000 men was sent to bring back "products the desert".[4].
Twelfth Dynasty
Some 4,000 men were sent in an expedition during the reign of Amenemhat I.[5] In Year 9 of Senusret I and Year 2 of Amenemhat II more expeditions were sent. Ity, son of Isis, was an official serving Amenemhat II and he also has two inscriptions at Wadi Maghara dated to the same year. Ten storage gallaries cut into the rock has yielded items, including wooden boat planks, ceramics from the 12th Dynasty, and a gold pendant with paralells to some found at Dahshur dating to the reign of Senusret III.
^Abd el-Raziq M. 1999. New inscriptions at El-Ein el-Sukhna. Memnonia 10: 125 –31
^Pierre Tallet, Ayn Sukhna and Wadi el-Jarf: Two newly discovered pharaonic harbours on the Suez Gulf. (PDF file) British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan 18 (2012): 147–68
^Mahmoud Abd el-Raziq, Georges Castel, Pierre Tallet, Grégory Marouard (2012) The Pharaonic Site of Ayn Soukhna in the Gulf of Suez 2001-2009 Progress Report
^Mahmoud Abd el-Raziq, Georges Castel, Pierre Tallet, Grégory Marouard (2012) The Pharaonic Site of Ayn Soukhna in the Gulf of Suez 2001-2009 Progress Report
^ ab"Ain Soukhna Climate and Weather Averages, Egypt". Weather2Travel. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
sokhna, this, article, uses, bare, urls, which, uninformative, vulnerable, link, please, consider, converting, them, full, citations, ensure, article, remains, verifiable, maintains, consistent, citation, style, several, templates, tools, available, assist, fo. This article uses bare URLs which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting such as Reflinks documentation reFill documentation and Citation bot documentation August 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Al Ain al Sokhna Arabic العين السخنة romanized al ʿAyn as Sukhna Egyptian Arabic pronunciation elˈʕeːn esˈsoxnae the Hot Spring is a town in the Suez Governorate lying on the western shore of the Red Sea s Gulf of Suez It is situated 55 kilometres 34 mi south of Suez and approximately 120 kilometres 75 mi east of Cairo Ain Sokhna العين السخنةEl ʿEn El SokhnaAin SokhnaLocation in EgyptCoordinates 29 36 00 N 32 19 00 E 29 6 N 32 3167 E 29 6 32 3167 Coordinates 29 36 00 N 32 19 00 E 29 6 N 32 3167 E 29 6 32 3167Country EgyptGovernorateSuezPopulation Total45 552Time zoneUTC 2 EST Contents 1 History 1 1 Early Bronze 1 2 Middle Bronze 1 2 1 Eleventh Dynasty 1 2 2 Twelfth Dynasty 2 Climate 3 Economy 4 ReferencesHistory EditRecent archaeological excavations have shown that there was an ancient Egyptian port and settlement in this area The site was first brought to attention in 1999 by Professor Mahmud Abd El Raziq 1 French and Egyptian archaeologists have been investigating this area since that time It can be compared with the port of Mersa Gawasis further south It connected the mining areas of the Sinai with Memphis some 120 km across the Eastern Desert important for turqouise and copper Early Bronze Edit As early as the Old Kingdom seafaring expeditions on the Red Sea were organized from this port Similar material was also found at the Wadi Maghareh where many Old Kingdom inscriptions are found 2 Middle Bronze Edit In the Middle Kingdom activity continued along the Red Sea and across to the mining areas in the Sinai 3 Eleventh Dynasty Edit In Year 1 of Mentuhotep IV an expedition of 3 000 men was sent to bring back products the desert 4 Twelfth Dynasty Edit Some 4 000 men were sent in an expedition during the reign of Amenemhat I 5 In Year 9 of Senusret I and Year 2 of Amenemhat II more expeditions were sent Ity son of Isis was an official serving Amenemhat II and he also has two inscriptions at Wadi Maghara dated to the same year Ten storage gallaries cut into the rock has yielded items including wooden boat planks ceramics from the 12th Dynasty and a gold pendant with paralells to some found at Dahshur dating to the reign of Senusret III Climate EditKoppen Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot desert BWh as the rest of Egypt Climate data for Ain SokhnaMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearAverage high C F 18 64 19 66 22 72 27 81 31 88 33 91 34 93 34 93 31 88 29 84 24 75 19 66 27 80 Average low C F 7 45 7 45 9 48 12 54 16 61 19 66 20 68 21 70 19 66 16 61 13 55 8 46 14 57 Average precipitation mm inches 4 0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 1 4 0 2 22 1 Average rainy days 3 3 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 1 3 4 21Mean daily sunshine hours 8 8 9 10 11 12 12 11 10 10 8 7 10Source Weather2Travel 6 Ain Sokhna mean sea temperature 6 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec22 C 72 F 21 C 70 F 21 C 70 F 23 C 73 F 24 C 75 F 26 C 79 F 27 C 81 F 28 C 82 F 28 C 82 F 27 C 81 F 25 C 77 F 23 C 73 F Economy EditThe town also has a port called Ain Sokhna port 7 References Edit Abd el Raziq M 1999 New inscriptions at El Ein el Sukhna Memnonia 10 125 31 Pierre Tallet Ayn Sukhna and Wadi el Jarf Two newly discovered pharaonic harbours on the Suez Gulf PDF file British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan 18 2012 147 68 Mahmoud Abd el Raziq Georges Castel Pierre Tallet Gregory Marouard 2012 The Pharaonic Site of Ayn Soukhna in the Gulf of Suez 2001 2009 Progress Report Abd el Raziq et al 2002 Mahmoud Abd el Raziq Georges Castel Pierre Tallet Gregory Marouard 2012 The Pharaonic Site of Ayn Soukhna in the Gulf of Suez 2001 2009 Progress Report a b Ain Soukhna Climate and Weather Averages Egypt Weather2Travel Retrieved 13 August 2013 https www mts gov eg en content 28 1 105 Port Said Port Authority Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ain Sokhna amp oldid 1138340260, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
