Mersa Gawasis (Ancient EgyptianSaww) is a small Egyptianharbour on the Red Sea and a former Egyptian port city. The harbour lies at the mouth of Wadi Gawasis, 2 km south of the mouth of Wadi Gasus. 25 km north is the city of Safaga and 50 km south al-Qusair. mersa gawasis coordinates The place was apparently used as a port in the reigns of Senusret I to Amenemhat IV[2] of the 12th Dynasty, and served as a loading point for expeditions to Punt. The harbour was also a starting point for journeys to the mines of Sinai.[3]
Mersa means port, and Gawasis is a medieval term for scout boat.[4]
History of investigationedit
When a stele from the 12th Dynasty was found in Wadi Gasus, in which a nearby port called Saww was mentioned,[5] the University of Alexandria began an excavation headed by Abdel Monem A.H. Sayed near the Graeco-Romanhydreuma (watering station) where the stele was found. As no other pharaonic monuments were found, it was concluded that the stele had been transported in Roman times from Saww to the watering station. The search was continued further east at the mouth of Mersa Gasus, where still no pharaonic remains were found.
Just two kilometers further south of Mersa Gawasis, a small stele was discovered with fragmentary inscriptions of the cartouche of Senusret I and the geographical name Bia-n-punt. 250 meters west of the harbor, on the north side of Wadi Gawasis, was found a small shrine with the name and titles of Ankhu, valet of Senusret I. The shrine consisted of a limestone anchor as a base, from which the upper holes were cut out. In the inscriptions appeared again the name Saww (as Sww), which is confirmed as the location of the harbor at Mersa Gawasis.
Two hundred meters to the west of the shrine, another small stele was discovered with a limestone anchor as a base. It contained an order from Senusret I to the vizier Intefiqer for a ship to travel to Bia-Punt. Subsequent excavations in 1977 recovered some pottery shards with hieratic inscriptions listing the content, origin and destination of the vessels. Among them appeared a temple of Senusret II, the name Punt and the name of an official from the time of Senusret III.
The finds revealed that Saww could now be clearly identified with Mersa Gawasis and that in the Middle Kingdom the ships sailed from here to Punt and back. It was found that the ships - as on the outward journey - were disassembled on return and transported to the Nile Valley in pieces. The approximately 250 pounds (110 kg) anchors were made in Mersa Gawasis and on return were left in place and reused, for example as a shrine or stela base.
Bibliographyedit
Kathryn A. Bard: Harbor of the Pharaohs to the land of Punt, 2007, ISBN978-88-95044-11-8.
Abdel Monem A.H. Sayed: Wadi Gasus in: Kathryn A. Bard, Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt, 1999, S. 866–868.
External linksedit
- Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli
"Mersa Gawasis (Red Sea - Egypt): UNO/IsIAO and BU 2003-2004 Field Season under direction of Rodolfo Fattovich and Kathryn Bard"
"Recent Excavations at the Pharaonic Port of Mersa Gawasis on the Red Sea, 2004-2005 Field Season"
"Joint Archaeological Expedition at Mersa/Wadi Gawasis (Red Sea, Egypt) of the University of Naples "l'Orientale" (Naples, Italy), Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente (Rome, Italy), and Boston University (Boston, USA) - 2005-2006 Field Season"
"Mersa/Wadi Gawasis 2006-2007 Report", Rodolfo Fattovich and Kathryn A. Bard editors
"Mersa/Wadi Gawasis, Mission 2007-2008", Kathryn A. Bard and Rodolfo Fattovich et al.
"Mersa/Wadi Gawasis 2009 Report", by Rodolfo Fattovich, Andrea Manzo - University of Naples "l'Orientale," Naples, Italy, and Chiara Zazzaro - University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
Notesedit
^Rainer Hannig: Großes Handwörterbuch Ägyptisch-Deutsch : (2800 - 950 v. Chr.). von Zabern, Mainz 2001, ISBN3-8053-1771-9, S. 1378.
^El-Sayed Mahfouz: Amenemhat IV at Wadi Gawasis, Bulletin de l'Institut français d'archéologie orientale A. (BIFAO) 2010, vol. 110, [165-173, 485, 491 [11 p.]], ISBN978-2-7247-0583-6, see also [1]
^Sayed: Wadi Gasus in: Bard, Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt, 1999, S. 868.
^Sayed: Wadi Gasus in: Bard, Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt, 1999, S. 866.
^Stele des Chentchtaywer aus dem 28. Jahr des Amenemhet II., berichtet wird von einer sicheren Rückkehr aus Punt.
mersa, gawasis, ancient, egyptian, saww, small, egyptian, harbour, former, egyptian, port, city, harbour, lies, mouth, wadi, gawasis, south, mouth, wadi, gasus, north, city, safaga, south, qusair, mersa, gawasis, coordinates, place, apparently, used, port, rei. Mersa Gawasis Ancient Egyptian Saww is a small Egyptian harbour on the Red Sea and a former Egyptian port city The harbour lies at the mouth of Wadi Gawasis 2 km south of the mouth of Wadi Gasus 25 km north is the city of Safaga and 50 km south al Qusair mersa gawasis coordinates The place was apparently used as a port in the reigns of Senusret I to Amenemhat IV 2 of the 12th Dynasty and served as a loading point for expeditions to Punt The harbour was also a starting point for journeys to the mines of Sinai 3 Mersa Gawasis 1 in hieroglyphsSaww S3ww Sauuclass notpageimage Mersa Gawasis in Egypt Contents 1 Etymology 2 History of investigation 3 Bibliography 4 External links 5 NotesEtymology editMersa means port and Gawasis is a medieval term for scout boat 4 History of investigation editWhen a stele from the 12th Dynasty was found in Wadi Gasus in which a nearby port called Saww was mentioned 5 the University of Alexandria began an excavation headed by Abdel Monem A H Sayed near the Graeco Roman hydreuma watering station where the stele was found As no other pharaonic monuments were found it was concluded that the stele had been transported in Roman times from Saww to the watering station The search was continued further east at the mouth of Mersa Gasus where still no pharaonic remains were found Just two kilometers further south of Mersa Gawasis a small stele was discovered with fragmentary inscriptions of the cartouche of Senusret I and the geographical name Bia n punt 250 meters west of the harbor on the north side of Wadi Gawasis was found a small shrine with the name and titles of Ankhu valet of Senusret I The shrine consisted of a limestone anchor as a base from which the upper holes were cut out In the inscriptions appeared again the name Saww as Sww which is confirmed as the location of the harbor at Mersa Gawasis Two hundred meters to the west of the shrine another small stele was discovered with a limestone anchor as a base It contained an order from Senusret I to the vizier Intefiqer for a ship to travel to Bia Punt Subsequent excavations in 1977 recovered some pottery shards with hieratic inscriptions listing the content origin and destination of the vessels Among them appeared a temple of Senusret II the name Punt and the name of an official from the time of Senusret III The finds revealed that Saww could now be clearly identified with Mersa Gawasis and that in the Middle Kingdom the ships sailed from here to Punt and back It was found that the ships as on the outward journey were disassembled on return and transported to the Nile Valley in pieces The approximately 250 pounds 110 kg anchors were made in Mersa Gawasis and on return were left in place and reused for example as a shrine or stela base Bibliography editKathryn A Bard Harbor of the Pharaohs to the land of Punt 2007 ISBN 978 88 95044 11 8 Abdel Monem A H Sayed Wadi Gasus in Kathryn A Bard Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt 1999 S 866 868 External links edit The Wadi Gawasis Wadi Gasus Egypt A Preliminary Assessment Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli Mersa Gawasis Red Sea Egypt UNO IsIAO and BU 2003 2004 Field Season under direction of Rodolfo Fattovich and Kathryn Bard Recent Excavations at the Pharaonic Port of Mersa Gawasis on the Red Sea 2004 2005 Field Season Joint Archaeological Expedition at Mersa Wadi Gawasis Red Sea Egypt of the University of Naples l Orientale Naples Italy Istituto Italiano per l Africa e l Oriente Rome Italy and Boston University Boston USA 2005 2006 Field Season Mersa Wadi Gawasis 2006 2007 Report Rodolfo Fattovich and Kathryn A Bard editors Mersa Wadi Gawasis Mission 2007 2008 Kathryn A Bard and Rodolfo Fattovich et al Mersa Wadi Gawasis 2009 Report by Rodolfo Fattovich Andrea Manzo University of Naples l Orientale Naples Italy and Chiara Zazzaro University of Exeter Exeter UKNotes edit Rainer Hannig Grosses Handworterbuch Agyptisch Deutsch 2800 950 v Chr von Zabern Mainz 2001 ISBN 3 8053 1771 9 S 1378 El Sayed Mahfouz Amenemhat IV at Wadi Gawasis Bulletin de l Institut francais d archeologie orientale A BIFAO 2010 vol 110 165 173 485 491 11 p ISBN 978 2 7247 0583 6 see also 1 Sayed Wadi Gasus in Bard Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt 1999 S 868 Sayed Wadi Gasus in Bard Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt 1999 S 866 Stele des Chentchtaywer aus dem 28 Jahr des Amenemhet II berichtet wird von einer sicheren Ruckkehr aus Punt 26 33 26 N 34 02 11 E 26 55722 N 34 03639 E 26 55722 34 03639 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mersa Gawasis amp oldid 1067801097, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
