In the initial stage of the Bosnian War, the HVO fought alongside the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) against the Bosnian Serbs, but in the latter stage of the conflict clashed against its former ally, particularly in the Mostar area.[1] The European Community Monitoring Mission (ECMM) estimated the strength of the HVO in the beginning of 1993 at 45,000–55,000.[2] In July 1993, CIA estimated the HVO forces at 40,000 to 50,000 men.[3]
The HVO (Croatian Defence Council) was established on 8 April 1992 in Grude by the political leadership of Croats, mainly members of Croatian Democratic Union (Hrvatska demokratska zajednica) as a military formation of Herzeg-Bosnia.
HVO was located in Mostar and was divided into four corps-status operational zones: 1OZ/South-Eastern (Herzegovina) and 2OZ/North-Western Herzegovina, 3OZ/Central Bosnia and 4OZ/Posavina. While first three zones were grouped more or less together, Posavina was completely isolated in northern Bosnia on right bank of Sava river around Orašje and was entirely dependent on support from Croatia. There was also an HCO headquarters in the Bihac enclave which liaised with the ARBiH 5th corps. Each OZ controlled 8-14 infantry brigades, a military police battalion and an MP "Light Assault Battalion".
The HVO also included the brigade sized Ante Bruno Bušić Regiment manned by full-time soldiers, two independent infantry battalions, a light anti-aircraft artillery battalion, Special Forces and artillery units. In early 1993 the HVO Home Guard was formed in order to provide support for the brigades.[4] The HVO forces became better organized as time passed by, but they started creating guards brigades, mobile units of professional soldiers, only in early 1994.[5]
Guard brigades
1. Guard Brigade "Bruno Bušić"
2. Guard Brigade
3. Guard Brigade "Hawks"
4. Guard Brigade "Sons of Posavina"
The Guards brigades were the sections of the HVO which handled its heavy weapons. The HVO had around 50 tanks, 400 artillery pieces, and 200 armored troop carriers. A brigade numbered between a few hundred to several thousand men, but most had 2–3,000.[6][7]
Other brigades
There were 38 infantry brigades staffed by reservists, 19 had names and/or numbers and 19 only had names. The names commemorated famous or infamous figures from Croatian and Bosnian history. Each brigade had three or four battalions plus supporting elements. Two, the 107th and 109th were later transferred en masse to the ARBiH due to their Muslim majorities, as did the Muslim contingent of the 108th Brigade who went on to form the ARBiH's 108 Motorised Brigade. The 107th became the ARBiH 107th "Chilvalrous" Brigade while the 109th became the 109th Mountain Brigade.
1993 restructuring
In 1993 General Ante Roso restructured the HVO along the lines of the Croatian Army (HV). The four OZ's were designated as Corps Districts Mostar, Tomislavgrad, Vitez and Orašje. Orašje included a much reduced Bosanska Posavina. Four Guards Brigades were formed, each manned by full-time professional soldiers. 29 brigades were reformed as three-battalion strong Home Defense Regiments (domobranska pukovnija), usually with the same name and depot. Four brigades were disbanded. The military police were reduced to one Light Assault Brigade at Mostar.
Eight HVO units served with the ARBiH while two HVO brigades were forcibly incorporated into the ARBiH. The 115th Brigade became part of the ARBiH 2nd Corps while the King Tvrtko Brigade became part of the ARBiH 1st Corps.
HVO aviation
The HVO Air Forces and Anti-aircraft Artillery was formed in 1992 and consisted of the 11th Combined Squadron, operated helicopters and transports, and the 121st Observation Squadron which operated various civilian light aircraft in an observation and communications role. There was also the 14th Anti-aircraft Missile Unit which operated several different SAM systems.
Central Intelligence Agency (1993). Combatant Forces in the Former Yugoslavia(PDF). Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency. (PDF) from the original on 2013-10-14. Retrieved 2016-02-27.
Shrader, Charles R. (2003). The Muslim-Croat Civil War in Central Bosnia: A Military History, 1992–1994. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN978-1-58544-261-4. from the original on 2016-06-10. Retrieved 2016-09-27.
External links
Media related to Croatian Defence Council at Wikimedia Commons
February 26, 2023
croatian, defence, council, confused, with, croatian, defence, forces, croatian, army, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, remov. Not to be confused with Croatian Defence Forces or Croatian Army This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Croatian Defence Council news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2010 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Croatian Defence Council Croatian Hrvatsko vijece obrane or HVO was the official military formation of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg Bosnia an unrecognized entity that existed in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1991 and 1996 The HVO was the main military force of Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatian Defence CouncilHrvatsko vijece obraneEmblem of the Croatian Defence CouncilFounded8 April 1992 1992 04 08 Disbanded1 March 1996 1996 03 01 HeadquartersMostarLeadershipCommander in ChiefMilivoj PetkovicMinister of DefenseBruno Stojic 1992 1993 Vladimir Soljic 1993 1996 PersonnelActive personnel50 000 1995 IndustryForeign suppliers CroatiaRelated articlesHistoryCroatian Republic of Herzeg BosniaBosnian WarCroat Bosniak WarOperation StormFlag of the Croatian Defence Council HVO T 55 tanks In the initial stage of the Bosnian War the HVO fought alongside the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina ARBiH against the Bosnian Serbs but in the latter stage of the conflict clashed against its former ally particularly in the Mostar area 1 The European Community Monitoring Mission ECMM estimated the strength of the HVO in the beginning of 1993 at 45 000 55 000 2 In July 1993 CIA estimated the HVO forces at 40 000 to 50 000 men 3 HVO was incorporated into the Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina VFBiH in December 1995 by following agreement made after signing the Dayton Accords In December 2005 HVO was reorganized as 1st Infantry Guard Regiment of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina after VFBiH and Army of Republika Srpska were united into a single armed force Contents 1 History 2 Commanders 3 Organization 3 1 Guard brigades 3 2 Other brigades 4 1993 restructuring 5 HVO aviation 6 See also 7 References 7 1 Works cited 8 External linksHistory EditThe HVO Croatian Defence Council was established on 8 April 1992 in Grude by the political leadership of Croats mainly members of Croatian Democratic Union Hrvatska demokratska zajednica as a military formation of Herzeg Bosnia Commanders EditApril 1992 Brigadier General Milivoj Petkovic July November 1993 Mayor General Slobodan Praljak November 1993 Lieutenant general Ante Roso August 1994 Major general Milivoj Petkovic August 1994 November 1995 Major General Tihomir BlaskicOrganization Edit HVO 122mm Howitzer D 30J during an exercise HVO was located in Mostar and was divided into four corps status operational zones 1OZ South Eastern Herzegovina and 2OZ North Western Herzegovina 3OZ Central Bosnia and 4OZ Posavina While first three zones were grouped more or less together Posavina was completely isolated in northern Bosnia on right bank of Sava river around Orasje and was entirely dependent on support from Croatia There was also an HCO headquarters in the Bihac enclave which liaised with the ARBiH 5th corps Each OZ controlled 8 14 infantry brigades a military police battalion and an MP Light Assault Battalion The HVO also included the brigade sized Ante Bruno Busic Regiment manned by full time soldiers two independent infantry battalions a light anti aircraft artillery battalion Special Forces and artillery units In early 1993 the HVO Home Guard was formed in order to provide support for the brigades 4 The HVO forces became better organized as time passed by but they started creating guards brigades mobile units of professional soldiers only in early 1994 5 Guard brigades Edit 1 Guard Brigade Bruno Busic 2 Guard Brigade 3 Guard Brigade Hawks 4 Guard Brigade Sons of Posavina The Guards brigades were the sections of the HVO which handled its heavy weapons The HVO had around 50 tanks 400 artillery pieces and 200 armored troop carriers A brigade numbered between a few hundred to several thousand men but most had 2 3 000 6 7 Other brigades Edit There were 38 infantry brigades staffed by reservists 19 had names and or numbers and 19 only had names The names commemorated famous or infamous figures from Croatian and Bosnian history Each brigade had three or four battalions plus supporting elements Two the 107th and 109th were later transferred en masse to the ARBiH due to their Muslim majorities as did the Muslim contingent of the 108th Brigade who went on to form the ARBiH s 108 Motorised Brigade The 107th became the ARBiH 107th Chilvalrous Brigade while the 109th became the 109th Mountain Brigade 1993 restructuring EditIn 1993 General Ante Roso restructured the HVO along the lines of the Croatian Army HV The four OZ s were designated as Corps Districts Mostar Tomislavgrad Vitez and Orasje Orasje included a much reduced Bosanska Posavina Four Guards Brigades were formed each manned by full time professional soldiers 29 brigades were reformed as three battalion strong Home Defense Regiments domobranska pukovnija usually with the same name and depot Four brigades were disbanded The military police were reduced to one Light Assault Brigade at Mostar Eight HVO units served with the ARBiH while two HVO brigades were forcibly incorporated into the ARBiH The 115th Brigade became part of the ARBiH 2nd Corps while the King Tvrtko Brigade became part of the ARBiH 1st Corps HVO aviation EditThe HVO Air Forces and Anti aircraft Artillery was formed in 1992 and consisted of the 11th Combined Squadron operated helicopters and transports and the 121st Observation Squadron which operated various civilian light aircraft in an observation and communications role There was also the 14th Anti aircraft Missile Unit which operated several different SAM systems See also Edit War portalCroatian Army Croatian Defence Forces Roland BartetzkoReferences Edit Stallaerts Robert 2010 Historical Dictionary of Croatia 3rd ed p 60 ISBN 9780810873636 Shrader 2003 p 22 CIA 1993 p 28 Shrader 2003 p 31 Shrader 2003 p 29 Shrader 2003 p 30 CIA 1993 p 47 Works cited Edit Central Intelligence Agency 1993 Combatant Forces in the Former Yugoslavia PDF Washington D C Central Intelligence Agency Archived PDF from the original on 2013 10 14 Retrieved 2016 02 27 Shrader Charles R 2003 The Muslim Croat Civil War in Central Bosnia A Military History 1992 1994 College Station Texas Texas A amp M University Press ISBN 978 1 58544 261 4 Archived from the original on 2016 06 10 Retrieved 2016 09 27 External links Edit Media related to Croatian Defence Council at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Croatian Defence Council amp oldid 1122407421, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
