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Ohrdruf was reportedly founded in 724–726 by Saint Boniface, as the site of the first monastery in Thuringia, dedicated to Saint Michael. It was the first of several religious foundations in the town, the latest of which is the Carmelite monastery Karmel St. Elija (founded 1991).
Ohrdruf received municipal rights in 1399.[3] In 1550, under Georg II von Gleichen [de] work began on Schloss Ehrenstein at the site of the former 8th century monastery.[4]
In 1695, the orphaned Johann Sebastian Bach came to live and attend school at Ohrdruf, under the care of his older brother Johann Christoph Bach (1671–1721), who had come here in 1690 as organist at the St. Michaelis Kirche (St Michael's Church) and as a teacher at the Lyceum. Johann Sebastian lived in Ohrdruf from the ages of 10 to 15.[4][5]
19th centuryedit
In the 19th century, the town became a centre of toy manufacturing. The Kewpie doll was produced here from 1913. There are still some old molds embedded in the facades of Ohrdruf buildings.
In 1869, the Hohenlohe family sold the Grafschaft Gleichen including the castle and town of Ohrdruf to the Duchy of Saxe-Gotha.[4]
Ohrdruf Town HallSchloss Ehrenstein after the recent fireTower of the St. Michaelis Kirche
World warsedit
The nearby Truppenübungsplatz Ohrdruf [de] (military training area) served as a POW camp during World War I, housing around 20,000 prisoners.[6] It was later used by the Wehrmacht and in the fall of 1944 a section of it became the Ohrdruf concentration camp.[7] The prisoners were used to construct roads, railways and tunnels. The latter were to include a temporary headquarters for the Nazi leadership following the evacuation of Berlin (Führerhauptquartier).[8][9]
Ohrdruf is believed to be the place where the historical Compiègne Wagon was blown up in an air attack in 1944. Ohrdruf was the first Nazi concentration camp to be liberated by the US Army, on 4 April 1945. Shortly thereafter, Generals Eisenhower, Patton and Bradley came here to look at the piles of dead bodies left behind by the SS.[7]
Post World War IIedit
The military training area of Truppenübungsplatz Ohrdruf was taken over in July 1945 by the Red Army, since Thuringia became part of the Soviet occupation zone. The Nordlager -part of the concentration camp was razed. Two memorials to the dead were erected at around this time. In 1991, ownership was transferred to the German Defence Ministry. Since 1993, the Bundeswehr has been in charge of the area.[10]
The Soviet troops also used Schloss Ehrenstein from 1956 until 1971, leaving it in a desolate condition.[4]
Sightsedit
Schloss Ehrenstein: A Renaissance castle with Baroque alterations, the restoration of Schloss Ehrenstein was completed in the fall of 2013 and a new exhibition on local history opened in the east wing. However, on 26 November 2013 a fire destroyed parts of the castle and many of the new exhibits. It was started inadvertently by workmen putting finishing touches to the south eastern corner of the castle. Sparks caused a smouldering fire that spread unnoticed. Despite the efforts of hundreds of fire fighters from all over the region, supported by Bundeswehr and Technisches Hilfswerk, large parts could not be saved. Small fires were still burning five days later. The town library and museum were severely damaged.[4]
St. Michaelis Kirche: Previous churches at the site go back to the 8th century. Associated with the Bach family, who worked there as organists, the church burned down in 1753 and 1808 when fires raged through the town, but was rebuilt each time. The church was again destroyed by Allied bombing in 1945, only the roofless 15th century tower remaining. This was covered by a concrete roof until 1998/99 when the tower was reconstructed. Today, the tower houses a small chapel and an exhibition on the church's history.[5][11]
^ "Bevölkerung der Gemeinden, erfüllenden Gemeinden und Verwaltungsgemeinschaften in Thüringen Gebietsstand: 31.12.2022" (in German). Thüringer Landesamt für Statistik. June 2023.
^One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ohrdruf". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 35.
^ abcdef"Alles auf Anfang (German)". Monumente-online.de. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
^ ab. Ohrdruf.de. Archived from the original on 13 November 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
^"Der Erste Weltkrieg in Thüringen (German)". Thüringer Allgemeine Zeitung. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
^ ab"Ohrdruf". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Holocaust Encyclopedia. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
^"Außenlager Ohrdruf". Buchenwald.de. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
^"Spurensuche in der "Hölle von Ohrdruf" (German)". Ostthüringer Zeitung. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
^"Außenlager Ohrdruf". Buchenwald.de. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
^"Der Turm der St. Michaelis Kirche (German)". Ohrdruf evangelisch.de. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ohrdruf.
Town website (German)
April 26, 2024
ohrdruf, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, german, june, 2012, click, s. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German June 2012 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the German article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 9 116 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at de Ohrdruf see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated de Ohrdruf to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Ohrdruf news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2009 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message For the forced labor camp see Ohrdruf concentration camp For other uses see Ohrdruf disambiguation Ohrdruf German ˈoːɐ ˌdʁʊf is a small town in the district of Gotha in the German state of Thuringia It lies some 30 km southwest of Erfurt at the foot of the northern slope of the Thuringian Forest The former municipalities Crawinkel Grafenhain and Wolfis were merged into Ohrdruf in January 2019 OhrdrufTownRailway stationCoat of armsLocation of Ohrdruf within Gotha districtOhrdrufShow map of GermanyOhrdrufShow map of ThuringiaCoordinates 50 49 41 N 10 43 58 E 50 82806 N 10 73278 E 50 82806 10 73278CountryGermanyStateThuringiaDistrictGothaGovernment Mayor 2018 24 Stefan Schambach 1 SPD Area Total113 41 km2 43 79 sq mi Elevation375 m 1 230 ft Population 2022 12 31 2 Total9 613 Density85 km2 220 sq mi Time zoneUTC 01 00 CET Summer DST UTC 02 00 CEST Postal codes99885Dialling codes03624Vehicle registrationGTHWebsitewww ohrdruf de Contents 1 History 1 1 Medieval and early modern 1 2 19th century 1 3 World wars 1 4 Post World War II 2 Sights 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistory editMedieval and early modern edit Ohrdruf was reportedly founded in 724 726 by Saint Boniface as the site of the first monastery in Thuringia dedicated to Saint Michael It was the first of several religious foundations in the town the latest of which is the Carmelite monastery Karmel St Elija founded 1991 Ohrdruf received municipal rights in 1399 3 In 1550 under Georg II von Gleichen de work began on Schloss Ehrenstein at the site of the former 8th century monastery 4 During the 17th century the Schloss fell to the Grafen von Hohenlohe who after 1760 made alterations to it in Baroque style 4 In 1695 the orphaned Johann Sebastian Bach came to live and attend school at Ohrdruf under the care of his older brother Johann Christoph Bach 1671 1721 who had come here in 1690 as organist at the St Michaelis Kirche St Michael s Church and as a teacher at the Lyceum Johann Sebastian lived in Ohrdruf from the ages of 10 to 15 4 5 19th century edit In the 19th century the town became a centre of toy manufacturing The Kewpie doll was produced here from 1913 There are still some old molds embedded in the facades of Ohrdruf buildings In 1869 the Hohenlohe family sold the Grafschaft Gleichen including the castle and town of Ohrdruf to the Duchy of Saxe Gotha 4 nbsp Ohrdruf Town Hall nbsp Schloss Ehrenstein after the recent fire nbsp Tower of the St Michaelis Kirche World wars edit The nearby Truppenubungsplatz Ohrdruf de military training area served as a POW camp during World War I housing around 20 000 prisoners 6 It was later used by the Wehrmacht and in the fall of 1944 a section of it became the Ohrdruf concentration camp 7 The prisoners were used to construct roads railways and tunnels The latter were to include a temporary headquarters for the Nazi leadership following the evacuation of Berlin Fuhrerhauptquartier 8 9 According to German historian Rainer Karlsch the facility built at nearby Jonastal was one of two locations where Kurt Diebner s team tested its nuclear energy project During this process according to Karlsch prisoners of war were killed under the supervision of the SS citation needed Ohrdruf is believed to be the place where the historical Compiegne Wagon was blown up in an air attack in 1944 Ohrdruf was the first Nazi concentration camp to be liberated by the US Army on 4 April 1945 Shortly thereafter Generals Eisenhower Patton and Bradley came here to look at the piles of dead bodies left behind by the SS 7 Post World War II edit The military training area of Truppenubungsplatz Ohrdruf was taken over in July 1945 by the Red Army since Thuringia became part of the Soviet occupation zone The Nordlager part of the concentration camp was razed Two memorials to the dead were erected at around this time In 1991 ownership was transferred to the German Defence Ministry Since 1993 the Bundeswehr has been in charge of the area 10 The Soviet troops also used Schloss Ehrenstein from 1956 until 1971 leaving it in a desolate condition 4 Sights editSchloss Ehrenstein A Renaissance castle with Baroque alterations the restoration of Schloss Ehrenstein was completed in the fall of 2013 and a new exhibition on local history opened in the east wing However on 26 November 2013 a fire destroyed parts of the castle and many of the new exhibits It was started inadvertently by workmen putting finishing touches to the south eastern corner of the castle Sparks caused a smouldering fire that spread unnoticed Despite the efforts of hundreds of fire fighters from all over the region supported by Bundeswehr and Technisches Hilfswerk large parts could not be saved Small fires were still burning five days later The town library and museum were severely damaged 4 St Michaelis Kirche Previous churches at the site go back to the 8th century Associated with the Bach family who worked there as organists the church burned down in 1753 and 1808 when fires raged through the town but was rebuilt each time The church was again destroyed by Allied bombing in 1945 only the roofless 15th century tower remaining This was covered by a concrete roof until 1998 99 when the tower was reconstructed Today the tower houses a small chapel and an exhibition on the church s history 5 11 See also editList of towns in Thuringia Ohrdruf concentration campReferences edit Gewahlte Burgermeister aktuelle Landesubersicht Freistaat Thuringen accessed 14 July 2021 Bevolkerung der Gemeinden erfullenden Gemeinden und Verwaltungsgemeinschaften in Thuringen Gebietsstand 31 12 2022 in German Thuringer Landesamt fur Statistik June 2023 nbsp One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Ohrdruf Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 20 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 35 a b c d e f Alles auf Anfang German Monumente online de Retrieved 12 August 2014 a b Sehenswertes in Ohrdruf German Ohrdruf de Archived from the original on 13 November 2016 Retrieved 12 August 2014 Der Erste Weltkrieg in Thuringen German Thuringer Allgemeine Zeitung Retrieved 6 August 2014 a b Ohrdruf United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Holocaust Encyclopedia Retrieved 6 August 2014 Aussenlager Ohrdruf Buchenwald de Retrieved 6 August 2014 Spurensuche in der Holle von Ohrdruf German Ostthuringer Zeitung Retrieved 6 August 2014 Aussenlager Ohrdruf Buchenwald de Retrieved 6 August 2014 Der Turm der St Michaelis Kirche German Ohrdruf evangelisch de Retrieved 12 August 2014 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ohrdruf Town website German Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ohrdruf amp oldid 1181289378, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
