IKZF1

"Ikaros transcription factor" redirects here. For other uses, see Icarus (disambiguation).

DNA-binding protein Ikaros also known as Ikaros family zinc finger protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IKZF1 gene.^[5][6][7]

IKZF1
Identifiers
Aliases	IKZF1, Hs.54452, IK1, IKAROS, LYF1, LyF-1, PPP1R92, PRO0758, ZNFN1A1, CVID13, IKAROS family zinc finger 1
External IDs	OMIM: 603023 MGI: 1342540 HomoloGene: 55948 GeneCards: IKZF1
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 7 (human)^[1] Band 7p12.2 Start 50,304,068 bp^[1] End 50,405,101 bp^[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 11 (mouse)^[2] Band 11 A1|11 7.02 cM Start 11,635,003 bp^[2] End 11,722,926 bp^[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in monocyte bone marrow spongy bone blood bone marrow cells lymph node thymus appendix spleen superficial temporal artery Top expressed in thymus blood spleen submandibular gland subcutaneous adipose tissue yolk sac body of femur white adipose tissue female urethra dermis More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function DNA-binding transcription factor activity DNA binding protein binding metal ion binding nucleic acid binding protein domain specific binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Cellular component cytoplasm nucleus nucleoplasm protein-containing complex Biological process erythrocyte differentiation cell cycle multicellular organism development mesoderm development negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated regulation of transcription, DNA-templated transcription, DNA-templated positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II lymphocyte differentiation protein heterooligomerization chromatin organization Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 10320 22778 Ensembl ENSG00000185811 ENSMUSG00000018654 UniProt Q13422 Q03267 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001220765 NM_001220766 NM_001220767 NM_001220768 NM_001220769 NM_001220770 NM_001220771 NM_001220772 NM_001220773 NM_001220774 NM_001220775 NM_001220776 NM_001291837 NM_001291838 NM_001291839 NM_001291840 NM_001291841 NM_001291842 NM_001291843 NM_001291844 NM_001291845 NM_001291846 NM_001291847 NM_006060 NM_001025597 NM_001301863 NM_001301865 NM_001301866 NM_001301868 NM_009578 RefSeq (protein) NP_001207694 NP_001207696 NP_001207697 NP_001207699 NP_001207700 NP_001278766 NP_001278767 NP_001278768 NP_001278769 NP_001278770 NP_001278771 NP_001278772 NP_001278773 NP_001278774 NP_001278775 NP_001278776 NP_006051 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 50.3 – 50.41 Mb Chr 11: 11.64 – 11.72 Mb PubMed search ^[3] ^[4]
Wikidata
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Ikaros - transcription factor

Ikaros is a transcription factor that is encoded by the IKZF genes of the Ikaros family zinc finger group. Zinc finger is a small structural motif of protein that allows protein binding to DNA or RNA molecule that is characterized by the coordination of one or more zinc ions (Zn²⁺) in order to stabilize the fold.

Ikaros displays crucial functions in the hematopoietic system and is a known regulator of immune cells development, mainly in early B cells, CD4+ T cells. Its dysfunction has been linked to the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.^[8][9] In particular, Ikaros has been found in recent years to be a major tumor suppressor involved in human B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia^[8] and that it also has a part in the differentiation and function of individual T helper cells.^[10]

Ikaros also has a role during the later stages of B cell development during VDJ recombination in switch class of the antibody isotypes and expression of the B cell receptor.^[11]

In Ikaros knockout mice, T cells but not B cells are generated late in mouse development due to late compensatory expression of the related gene Aiolos (IKZF3).^[12] Ikaros point mutant mice are embryonic lethal due to anemia; they have severe defects in terminal erythrocyte and granulocyte differentiation, and excessive macrophage formation.^[13] SNPs located near the 3' region of IKZF1 in humans have been linked to susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)^[14] as well as type 1 diabetes.^[15] The two effects appear to be in opposite directions, with the allele marking susceptibility to ALL protecting from T1D and vice versa.^[15]

Further evidence shows that Ikaros regulates the development of medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs). Conditional deletion of Ikzf1 in thymic epithelial cells by Foxn1-Cre in mice, results in the dysregulation of various mTEC subsets, including the loss of Aire+ mTECs. The loss of Aire (Autoimmune regulator) expressing mTECs also causes global loss of tissue restricted antigens (TRAs) and Aire-dependent mimetic cell populations, with the loss of TRAs eventually leading to breakdown of immune tolerance.^[16]

Genes of the Ikaros Zinc Finger Family group

The Ikaros Zinc Finger (IkZF) family of transcription factors are known regulators of hematopoietic cell development and many immune cells including that of CD4⁺ T cells.

The IkZF family consists of five members: Ikaros (encoded by the gene Ikzf1), Helios (Ikzf2), Aiolos (Ikzf3), Eos (Ikzf4), and Pegasus (Ikzf5). These factors contain N-terminal zinc finger (ZF) domains, which are responsible for mediating direct interactions with DNA, and C-terminal ZFs, which facilitate homo- and heterodimerization between IkZF family members. ^[17]

IKZF1 is upregulated in granulocytes, B cells, CD4 and CD8 T cells, and NK cells, and downregulated in erythroblasts, megakaryocytes and monocytes.^[18]

Ikaros deficiency

The mutation in the IKZF1 gene can cause dysfunction of the Ikaros transcription factor. The dysfunction affects expression in B cells that can lead to deregulation of the BCR signaling during B cell development and is associated with B cell transformation. The deregulation then can result in low proliferation rate and increased apoptosis of the B cells. The deregulation may be related with lymphoproliferative disorders and different forms of leukemia. ^[19]

Interactions

IKZF1 has been shown to interact with:

• CTBP1,^[20]
• HDAC1,^[21][22]
• HDAC7A,^[22]
• Histone deacetylase 5,^[22]
• IKZF2,^[23]
• IKZF3,^[24][21][25]
• IKZF4,^[26][27]
• SIN3A,^[21][22][28]
• Cereblon
• SIN3B.^[21][22]
• GATA2^[29]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000185811 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000018654 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Georgopoulos K, Moore DD, Derfler B (October 1992). "Ikaros, an early lymphoid-specific transcription factor and a putative mediator for T cell commitment". Science. 258 (5083): 808–12. Bibcode:1992Sci...258..808G. doi:10.1126/science.1439790. PMID 1439790.
6. Hahm K, Ernst P, Lo K, Kim GS, Turck C, Smale ST (November 1994). "The lymphoid transcription factor LyF-1 is encoded by specific, alternatively spliced mRNAs derived from the Ikaros gene". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 14 (11): 7111–23. doi:10.1128/mcb.14.11.7111. PMC 359245. PMID 7935426.
7. "Entrez Gene: IKZF1 IKAROS family zinc finger 1 (Ikaros)".
8. Kastner P, Chan S (June 2011). "Role of Ikaros in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia". World Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2 (6): 108–14. doi:10.4331/wjbc.v2.i6.108. PMC 3135856. PMID 21765975.
9. Oliveira VC, Lacerda MP, Moraes BB, Gomes CP, Maricato JT, Souza OF, et al. (July 2019). "Deregulation of Ikaros expression in B-1 cells: New insights in the malignant transformation to chronic lymphocytic leukemia". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 106 (3): 581–594. doi:10.1002/JLB.MA1118-454R. PMID 31299112. S2CID 196350761.
10. Powell MD, Read KA, Sreekumar BK, Oestreich KJ (2019). "+ T Helper Cell Differentiation". Frontiers in Immunology. 10: 1299. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01299. PMC 6563078. PMID 31244845.
11. Sellars M, Kastner P, Chan S (June 2011). "Ikaros in B cell development and function". World Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2 (6): 132–9. doi:10.4331/wjbc.v2.i6.132. PMC 3135860. PMID 21765979.
12. Georgopoulos K, Winandy S, Avitahl N (1997). "The role of the Ikaros gene in lymphocyte development and homeostasis". Annual Review of Immunology. 15: 155–76. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.15.1.155. PMID 9143685.
13. Papathanasiou P, Perkins AC, Cobb BS, Ferrini R, Sridharan R, Hoyne GF, et al. (July 2003). "Widespread failure of hematolymphoid differentiation caused by a recessive niche-filling allele of the Ikaros transcription factor". Immunity. 19 (1): 131–44. doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(03)00168-7. PMID 12871645.
14. Papaemmanuil E, Hosking FJ, Vijayakrishnan J, Price A, Olver B, Sheridan E, et al. (September 2009). "Loci on 7p12.2, 10q21.2 and 14q11.2 are associated with risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia". Nature Genetics. 41 (9): 1006–10. doi:10.1038/ng.430. PMC 4915548. PMID 19684604.
15. Swafford AD, Howson JM, Davison LJ, Wallace C, Smyth DJ, Schuilenburg H, et al. (March 2011). "An allele of IKZF1 (Ikaros) conferring susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia protects against type 1 diabetes". Diabetes. 60 (3): 1041–4. doi:10.2337/db10-0446. PMC 3046822. PMID 21270240.
16. Sin JH, Sucharov J, Kashyap S, Wang Y, Proekt I, Liu X, Parent AV, Gupta A, Kastner P, Chan S, Gardner JM, Ntranos V, Miller CN, Anderson MS, Schjerven H (2023-10-27). "Ikaros is a principal regulator of Aire+ mTEC homeostasis, thymic mimetic cell diversity, and central tolerance". Science Immunology. 8 (88): eabq3109. doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abq3109. ISSN 2470-9468. PMID 37889983. S2CID 264518068.
17. Powell MD, Read KA, Sreekumar BK, Oestreich KJ (2019-06-06). "+ T Helper Cell Differentiation". Frontiers in Immunology. 10: 1299. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01299. PMC 6563078. PMID 31244845.
18. Watkins NA, Gusnanto A, de Bono B, De S, Miranda-Saavedra D, Hardie DL, et al. (May 2009). "A HaemAtlas: characterizing gene expression in differentiated human blood cells". Blood. 113 (19): e1-9. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-06-162958. PMC 2680378. PMID 19228925.
19. Oliveira VC, Lacerda MP, Moraes BB, Gomes CP, Maricato JT, Souza OF, et al. (July 2019). "Deregulation of Ikaros expression in B-1 cells: New insights in the malignant transformation to chronic lymphocytic leukemia". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 106 (3): 581–594. doi:10.1002/JLB.MA1118-454R. PMID 31299112. S2CID 196350761.
20. Koipally J, Georgopoulos K (June 2000). "Ikaros interactions with CtBP reveal a repression mechanism that is independent of histone deacetylase activity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (26): 19594–602. doi:10.1074/jbc.M000254200. PMID 10766745.
21. Koipally J, Renold A, Kim J, Georgopoulos K (June 1999). "Repression by Ikaros and Aiolos is mediated through histone deacetylase complexes". The EMBO Journal. 18 (11): 3090–100. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.11.3090. PMC 1171390. PMID 10357820.
22. Koipally J, Georgopoulos K (August 2002). "A molecular dissection of the repression circuitry of Ikaros". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (31): 27697–705. doi:10.1074/jbc.M201694200. PMID 12015313.
23. Kelley CM, Ikeda T, Koipally J, Avitahl N, Wu L, Georgopoulos K, Morgan BA (April 1998). "Helios, a novel dimerization partner of Ikaros expressed in the earliest hematopoietic progenitors". Current Biology. 8 (9): 508–15. Bibcode:1998CBio....8..508K. doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(98)70202-7. PMID 9560339. S2CID 17835058.
24. Morgan B, Sun L, Avitahl N, Andrikopoulos K, Ikeda T, Gonzales E, et al. (April 1997). "Aiolos, a lymphoid restricted transcription factor that interacts with Ikaros to regulate lymphocyte differentiation". The EMBO Journal. 16 (8): 2004–13. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.8.2004. PMC 1169803. PMID 9155026.
25. Kim J, Sif S, Jones B, Jackson A, Koipally J, Heller E, et al. (March 1999). "Ikaros DNA-binding proteins direct formation of chromatin remodeling complexes in lymphocytes". Immunity. 10 (3): 345–55. doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80034-5. PMID 10204490.
26. Honma Y, Kiyosawa H, Mori T, Oguri A, Nikaido T, Kanazawa K, et al. (March 1999). "Eos: a novel member of the Ikaros gene family expressed predominantly in the developing nervous system". FEBS Letters. 447 (1): 76–80. doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00265-3. PMID 10218586. S2CID 28898354.
27. Perdomo J, Holmes M, Chong B, Crossley M (December 2000). "Eos and pegasus, two members of the Ikaros family of proteins with distinct DNA binding activities". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (49): 38347–54. doi:10.1074/jbc.M005457200. PMID 10978333.
28. Koipally J, Georgopoulos K (June 2002). "Ikaros-CtIP interactions do not require C-terminal binding protein and participate in a deacetylase-independent mode of repression". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (26): 23143–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202079200. PMID 11959865.
29. Katsumura KR, Bresnick EH (April 2017). "The GATA factor revolution in hematology". Blood. 129 (15): 2092–2102. doi:10.1182/blood-2016-09-687871. PMC 5391619. PMID 28179282.

Further reading

• Tonnelle C, Calmels B, Maroc C, Gabert J, Chabannon C (January 2002). "Ikaros gene expression and leukemia". Leukemia & Lymphoma. 43 (1): 29–35. doi:10.1080/10428190210186. PMID 11908734. S2CID 23932398.
• Westman BJ, Mackay JP, Gell D (October 2002). "Ikaros: a key regulator of haematopoiesis". The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 34 (10): 1304–7. doi:10.1016/S1357-2725(02)00070-5. PMID 12127581.
• Molnár A, Wu P, Largespada DA, Vortkamp A, Scherer S, Copeland NG, et al. (January 1996). "The Ikaros gene encodes a family of lymphocyte-restricted zinc finger DNA binding proteins, highly conserved in human and mouse". Journal of Immunology. 156 (2): 585–92. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.156.2.585. PMID 8543809. S2CID 24893140.
• Nietfeld W, Meyerhans A (January 1996). "Cloning and sequencing of hIk-1, a cDNA encoding a human homologue of mouse Ikaros/LyF-1". Immunology Letters. 49 (1–2): 139–41. doi:10.1016/0165-2478(95)02479-4. PMID 8964602.
• Morgan B, Sun L, Avitahl N, Andrikopoulos K, Ikeda T, Gonzales E, et al. (April 1997). "Aiolos, a lymphoid restricted transcription factor that interacts with Ikaros to regulate lymphocyte differentiation". The EMBO Journal. 16 (8): 2004–13. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.8.2004. PMC 1169803. PMID 9155026.
• Kelley CM, Ikeda T, Koipally J, Avitahl N, Wu L, Georgopoulos K, Morgan BA (April 1998). "Helios, a novel dimerization partner of Ikaros expressed in the earliest hematopoietic progenitors". Current Biology. 8 (9): 508–15. Bibcode:1998CBio....8..508K. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70202-7. PMID 9560339. S2CID 17835058.
• Sun L, Heerema N, Crotty L, Wu X, Navara C, Vassilev A, et al. (January 1999). "Expression of dominant-negative and mutant isoforms of the antileukemic transcription factor Ikaros in infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (2): 680–5. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96..680S. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.2.680. PMC 15196. PMID 9892693.
• Kim J, Sif S, Jones B, Jackson A, Koipally J, Heller E, et al. (March 1999). "Ikaros DNA-binding proteins direct formation of chromatin remodeling complexes in lymphocytes". Immunity. 10 (3): 345–55. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80034-5. PMID 10204490.
• Honma Y, Kiyosawa H, Mori T, Oguri A, Nikaido T, Kanazawa K, et al. (March 1999). "Eos: a novel member of the Ikaros gene family expressed predominantly in the developing nervous system". FEBS Letters. 447 (1): 76–80. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00265-3. PMID 10218586. S2CID 28898354.
• Koipally J, Renold A, Kim J, Georgopoulos K (June 1999). "Repression by Ikaros and Aiolos is mediated through histone deacetylase complexes". The EMBO Journal. 18 (11): 3090–100. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.11.3090. PMC 1171390. PMID 10357820.
• Sun L, Goodman PA, Wood CM, Crotty ML, Sensel M, Sather H, et al. (December 1999). "Expression of aberrantly spliced oncogenic ikaros isoforms in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 17 (12): 3753–66. doi:10.1200/JCO.1999.17.12.3753. PMID 10577847.
• Hosokawa Y, Maeda Y, Ichinohasama R, Miura I, Taniwaki M, Seto M (April 2000). "The Ikaros gene, a central regulator of lymphoid differentiation, fuses to the BCL6 gene as a result of t(3;7)(q27;p12) translocation in a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma". Blood. 95 (8): 2719–21. doi:10.1182/blood.V95.8.2719. PMID 10753856.
• Koipally J, Georgopoulos K (June 2000). "Ikaros interactions with CtBP reveal a repression mechanism that is independent of histone deacetylase activity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (26): 19594–602. doi:10.1074/jbc.M000254200. PMID 10766745.
• Perdomo J, Holmes M, Chong B, Crossley M (December 2000). "Eos and pegasus, two members of the Ikaros family of proteins with distinct DNA binding activities". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (49): 38347–54. doi:10.1074/jbc.M005457200. PMID 10978333.
• Payne KJ, Nicolas JH, Zhu JY, Barsky LW, Crooks GM (August 2001). "Cutting edge: predominant expression of a novel Ikaros isoform in normal human hemopoiesis". Journal of Immunology. 167 (4): 1867–70. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.167.4.1867. PMID 11489963.
• Koipally J, Heller EJ, Seavitt JR, Georgopoulos K (April 2002). "Unconventional potentiation of gene expression by Ikaros". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (15): 13007–15. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111371200. PMID 11799125.
• Dorsam G, Goetzl EJ (April 2002). "Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor-1 (VPAC-1) is a novel gene target of the hemolymphopoietic transcription factor Ikaros". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (16): 13488–93. doi:10.1074/jbc.M107922200. PMID 11812772.

External links

• IKZF1+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• IKZF1 human gene location in the UCSC Genome Browser.
• IKZF1 human gene details in the UCSC Genome Browser.