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Fifth Column (band)

May 01, 2024

For other uses, see Fifth Column (disambiguation).

Fifth Column was a Canadian all-female post-punk band from Toronto, formed in 1980 and breaking up in 1995.

Fifth Column
OriginToronto, Ontario, Canada
GenresPunk rock, post-punk, riot grrrl
Years active1981–2002
LabelsK
MembersG.B. Jones
Caroline Azar
Beverly Breckenridge
Past membersCharlotte Briedé, Anita Smith, Janet Martin, Kathleen Robertson, Michelle Breslin, Donna Dresch, Torry Colichio, Don Pyle, Joel Wasson, Charlie Salmon, Anne McLean

History edit

The band began as a trio named Second Unit, with GB Jones on drums, Kathleen Pirrie Adams on bass, and Janet Martin on guitar. Caroline Azar saw this group play in the fall of 1980, and shortly after successfully auditioned as singer, and this lineup played their first gig as Fifth Column in late 1980.[1]

The band took the name Fifth Column from their interpretation of an alleged military manoeuvre by fascist Francisco Franco during the Spanish Civil War, in which Nazi-aligned nationalist insurrectionists within besieged Republican Madrid, called the Fifth column, aided the four columns (north, south, east and west) outside the city's perimeters.

Soon after forming, the group became involved in the Cassette culture of the 1980s. Their first release was a selection of songs on the cassette compilation Urban Scorch released by Some Product in 1981. GB Jones, Caroline Azar and Candy Parker released an underground xerox art/social commentary zine named Hide, of which they published five issues. After its first issue, they came out with audio cassettes that were compilations of music by their punk, post-punk and experimental contemporaries, like Anti-Scrunti Faction, The Dave Howard Singers, Mydolls, The Party's Over, Really Red, Rongwrong, and Michael Phillip Wojewoda, as well as Fifth Column. It is important to note that mainstream local media/middle-of-the-road maligners of the group, were a mix of music reporters/columnists who were both female and male, uncomfortable with the sound and performance, not considered palatable at the time. The trend behind the attacks were based on the band's approach to their genderific sketch of themselves as Second Wave feminists, disrupting populist ideas of being, songwriting, language and image. The commercial and careerist alternative scenes made of hetero-normative and gay assimilationists were also most threatened. The few Canadians in the media championing were: Radio Hosts/Journalists; CKLN's Denise Benson, The Eye's Chris O'Connor, The Sun's John Sakamoto, The Globe and Mail's Liam Lacey, CBC Brave New Wave's hosts Brent Banbury and Kevin Komoda. The Fifth Column sound forged on Vinyl, would not be, without the deftness of Producers/Engineers: Peter D. Hudson (Dundrells), Walter Sobczak (Sturm Group), MP Wojewoda and the elusive Jack Freimanis. The aforementioned actualized the sound that Jones and Azar were aiming for. There were no female producers available or interested at that innate time in Toronto history and culture. There were many girls close to the group who were inspiring friends/muses, and many of them appeared in the music video "Donna", like Jena Von Brucker, Mic Hell, Norma Jean LeFebvre and Ottilie Mason.

Their first vinyl release was the 7" Boy-Girl EP produced in 1983 by Voicepondence Records.

The name of their first full-length recording To Sir With Hate was a play on the theme song from the British school film, To Sir With Love, performed by Lulu. Produced by Michael Phillip Wojewoda, it is now considered a classic of Canadian music; at the 2016 Polaris Music Prize it was named a shortlisted nominee in the 1976-1985 category for the 2016 Polaris Music Prize, the 2017 Polaris Music Prize, and the 2018 Polaris Music Prize.

A song from this LP, "The Fairview Mall Story" was based on true events concerning media publication of the names of men arrested after being entrapped by police and was instrumental in paving the way for the emergence of the queercore scene. Their video for the song, directed by indie feature film director Steven Rumbelow, involved 50's images of men cruising in their new cars, shopping malls, and car crashes, was intercut with the band and go-go dancer Bruce La Bruce. A video for the song "Where Are they Now?" was also made, directed by Marc de Guerre.

Their live shows often included films played overtop of the band and a 'go-go' boy dancing. They were frequently accompanied by guest musicians who played instruments as varied as saxophone, trumpet, flute, or violin.

Independent-minded, they released their recordings, including their second full-length recording All-Time Queen Of The World, themselves. A video for the song "Like This" from the album was directed by Bruce LaBruce with the band. The band also appeared on a number of compilations.

In 1992 they released a single, "All Women Are Bitches", on the independent record label K Records. "All Women Are Bitches" was produced by Walter Sobczak and Fifth Column.[2] Despite being controversial and receiving little airplay, the recording was reviewed by Everett True and voted "Single Of The Week" in the UK music publication Melody Maker. This song was included as well on their last full-length recording, 36C, released in 1994. That same year a video for the song Donna was also released. It was the flipside of the 1992 single and was also on the album.

The band broke up in early 1995, playing their final show in Ottawa. Jones has said the band were frustrated that she was too busy with a gallery in New York and many other projects. This led to Azar quitting after a missed an opportunity to tour the UK.[3]

The band's last recording was released in 2002, on the Kill Rock Stars compilation, Fields And Streams.

Caroline Azar again teamed up with G.B. Jones to create the installation/performance The Bruised Garden in 2013 at The Theatre Centre in Toronto, Ontario, which included music composed by the pair and credited to Fifth Column, making this their last song written together.

Band members have performed with other groups as well. Caroline Azar has recorded with Kickstand from New York, and Jolly Tambourine Man, Shadowy Men on a Shadowy Planet, Greek Buck and Hidden Cameras from Toronto. Since the breakup of the band: Azar produces her librettos/compositions for her dramatic musicals MAN-O-REXIC and D.I.N.K and other musical commissions. In 2015, Azar combined Wilfred Owen's anti-war poem Anthem for Doomed Youth with original music she composed for Peter Hinton's play The End at Theatre 20. Azar surprised audiences with her (2018 and 2019) two-part one-woman comedy stand up walking tour/lecture on the absurdity of civics, expressly written for actress-comedienne Jamillah Ross as PEO Rita Mae Nelson entitled "St. Peon Of The People and St. Peon of Parkdale. The third installment was entitled St. Peon Of The Planet and was slated to go to The Edinburgh Festival, also starring GB Jones and Joel Gibb.

Beverly Breckenridge toured with The Spinnanes and was also a member of Phono-Comb.

Prior to her involvement with Fifth Column, Jones was part of the electropunk band Bunny and the Lakers. She has collaborated with the Italian dark ambient group Mariae Nascenti and appeared on the single "Party With The Devil" by Agnoema. Jones now performs with Opera Arcana. In 2015, Caroline Azar teamed up with Opera Arcana to create a theatrical performance called The Bruised Spirits of Southern Ontario, an adult gothic folk musical experience based on the music of Opera Arcana, featuring Jones and Minus Smile (formerly of Kids On TV). Azar wrote the story (inspired by Jones' and Kerr's trance-based meditations) and directed and produced the experimental multi media event for Opera Arcana at Videofag (run by Jordan Tannahill and William Ellis). Opera Arcana appeared as guest musicians on UK artist Nick Hudson's 2016 release Ganymede In A State of War. In 2017, Opera Arcana recorded an original soundtrack for the film Downroad by Kelly Wydryk, released on CD in 2019.

Fifth Column have been nominated for a Polaris Music Prize in the Heritage section for the 2016 Polaris Music Prize, 2017 Polaris Music Prize, and 2018 Polaris Music Prize.

In popular culture edit

In 2004 the song "All Women Are Bitches" was covered and re-imagined by the band Lesbians On Ecstasy on their self-titled debut album, Lesbians On Ecstasy, as "Bitchsy".[4] in 2005, it was remixed and sampled along with "Bitchsy" by Kids on TV for the compilation album Giggles In The Dark.[5]

In 2012, a documentary film by Kevin Hegge, called She Said Boom: The Story of Fifth Column was released featuring interviews with band members Caroline Azar, G.B. Jones, and Beverly Breckenridge, with commentary on the influence of Fifth Column by Toronto artist John Brown, Vaginal Davis, Kathleen Hanna and Bruce LaBruce.[6]

Discography edit

Albums edit

EPs edit

  • Fifth Column EP (also known as Boy, Girl EP - contains tracks "Monsieur Beauchamps" / "Boy, Girl" / "Legionnaires") (1983) Voicespondence Records [1]

Singles edit

Soundtracks edit

Compilation appearances edit

  • "Hit The Dirt","Lapsed State", "Dry Goods", "Pick Ups", "Trojans", Boy/Girl" on Urban Scorch, Some Products (cassette only) (1981)
  • "Incident Prone", on Urban Renewal, Hide Tape 4 (cassette only) (1984)
  • "Right Hook", on Dementia 5, Hide Tape 5 (cassette only) (1985)
  • "The Fairview Mall Story" on J.D.s Top Ten Hit Parade Tape, Hide Records & Tapes (cassette only) (1990)
  • "Like This" on Brave New Waves, CBC Records (1991)
  • "Yo-Yo" on The Yo-Yo Gang, Bitch Nation Records & Tapes; soundtrack for the film by G.B. Jones (cassette only) (1992)
  • "Chewing Gum" on Keep On The Sunny Side: A Tribute to the Carter Family, Amoeba Records (1993)
  • "Bad Madelaine" on Wired For Sound, CKLN-FM (1993)
  • "All Women Are Bitches" on International Hip Swing, K Records (1993)
  • "Detox Killer/Erotic Thriller" on Rock Stars Kill, Kill Rock Stars (1994)
  • "Don't" on Free to Fight, Chainsaw Records and Candy Ass Records co-release (1995)
  • "Imbecile" on Fields And Streams, Kill Rock Stars, (2002)

Soundtrack appearances edit

Videography edit

  • Donna, directed by Friday Myers (1994)
  • Like This, directed by Bruce LaBruce (1990)

Most recent line-up edit

Previous members edit

  • Kathleen Pirrie Adams (bass; 1980–1982)
  • Janet Martin (guitar; 1980–1985)
  • Anita Smith (bass; 1982–1986)
  • Charlotte Briede (guitar; 1985–1990)
  • David Keyes (of The Polkaholics) (drums; 1989)
  • Joel Wasson (drums; 1990–1992)
  • Chaz Salmon (guitar; 1990–1992)
  • Michelle Breslin (of Karaoke and Sadoceanspacebear) (guitar; 1992–1995)
  • Don Pyle (of Shadowy Men on a Shadowy Planet and Phono-Comb) (drums; 1992–1993)
  • Donna Dresch (of Team Dresch) (guitar; 1993)[7]
  • Torry Colichio (drums; 1993–1994)
  • Luc Menard (drums; 1995–1995)
  • Anne McLean (bass; unknown years)

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Fifth Column: We Dug A Trench 1980-1995", in Any Night Of The Week: A D.I.Y. History of Toronto Music 1957-2001, by Jonny Dovercourt. Coach House Books, 2020. ISBN 9781552453964
  2. ^ "Fifth Column - All Women Are Bitches b/w Donna (picture sleeve)". Citizenfreak.com. Retrieved 2020-03-06.
  3. ^ "Fifth Column: We Dug A Trench 1980-1995", in Any Night Of The Week: A D.I.Y. History of Toronto Music 1957-2001, by Jonny Dovercourt. Coach House Books, 2020. ISBN 9781552453964
  4. ^ Draper, Jimmy, "Ladies First". San Francisco Bay Guardian.
  5. ^ Schmidt, Andy, "Interview: Kids on TV", Toronto Indie.com Oct 2007 September 30, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ Wheeler, Brad (2012-04-27), "Kevin Hegge premieres punk-feminist doc at Hot Docs", Globe and Mail, retrieved 2012-05-03
  7. ^ a b McDonnell, Evelyn. Girls + Guitars. Out Magazine. Vol. 8, No. 10. Published by Here Publishing. April 2000.


External links edit

  • Official Fifth Column channel on YouTube
  • Discogs page
  • Facebook page
  • Fifth Column in the Virtual Museum of Heritage Toronto

May 01, 2024
fifth, column, band, other, uses, fifth, column, disambiguation, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verificati. For other uses see Fifth Column disambiguation This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Fifth Column band news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2018 Learn how and when to remove this message The neutrality of this article is disputed Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met November 2020 Learn how and when to remove this message This article s factual accuracy is disputed Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced November 2020 Learn how and when to remove this message Learn how and when to remove this message Fifth Column was a Canadian all female post punk band from Toronto formed in 1980 and breaking up in 1995 Fifth ColumnOriginToronto Ontario CanadaGenresPunk rock post punk riot grrrlYears active1981 2002LabelsKMembersG B JonesCaroline AzarBeverly BreckenridgePast membersCharlotte Briede Anita Smith Janet Martin Kathleen Robertson Michelle Breslin Donna Dresch Torry Colichio Don Pyle Joel Wasson Charlie Salmon Anne McLean Contents 1 History 2 In popular culture 3 Discography 3 1 Albums 3 2 EPs 3 3 Singles 3 4 Soundtracks 3 5 Compilation appearances 3 6 Soundtrack appearances 3 7 Videography 4 Most recent line up 4 1 Previous members 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory editThe band began as a trio named Second Unit with GB Jones on drums Kathleen Pirrie Adams on bass and Janet Martin on guitar Caroline Azar saw this group play in the fall of 1980 and shortly after successfully auditioned as singer and this lineup played their first gig as Fifth Column in late 1980 1 The band took the name Fifth Column from their interpretation of an alleged military manoeuvre by fascist Francisco Franco during the Spanish Civil War in which Nazi aligned nationalist insurrectionists within besieged Republican Madrid called the Fifth column aided the four columns north south east and west outside the city s perimeters Soon after forming the group became involved in the Cassette culture of the 1980s Their first release was a selection of songs on the cassette compilation Urban Scorch released by Some Product in 1981 GB Jones Caroline Azar and Candy Parker released an underground xerox art social commentary zine named Hide of which they published five issues After its first issue they came out with audio cassettes that were compilations of music by their punk post punk and experimental contemporaries like Anti Scrunti Faction The Dave Howard Singers Mydolls The Party s Over Really Red Rongwrong and Michael Phillip Wojewoda as well as Fifth Column It is important to note that mainstream local media middle of the road maligners of the group were a mix of music reporters columnists who were both female and male uncomfortable with the sound and performance not considered palatable at the time The trend behind the attacks were based on the band s approach to their genderific sketch of themselves as Second Wave feminists disrupting populist ideas of being songwriting language and image The commercial and careerist alternative scenes made of hetero normative and gay assimilationists were also most threatened The few Canadians in the media championing were Radio Hosts Journalists CKLN s Denise Benson The Eye s Chris O Connor The Sun s John Sakamoto The Globe and Mail s Liam Lacey CBC Brave New Wave s hosts Brent Banbury and Kevin Komoda The Fifth Column sound forged on Vinyl would not be without the deftness of Producers Engineers Peter D Hudson Dundrells Walter Sobczak Sturm Group MP Wojewoda and the elusive Jack Freimanis The aforementioned actualized the sound that Jones and Azar were aiming for There were no female producers available or interested at that innate time in Toronto history and culture There were many girls close to the group who were inspiring friends muses and many of them appeared in the music video Donna like Jena Von Brucker Mic Hell Norma Jean LeFebvre and Ottilie Mason Their first vinyl release was the 7 Boy Girl EP produced in 1983 by Voicepondence Records The name of their first full length recording To Sir With Hate was a play on the theme song from the British school film To Sir With Love performed by Lulu Produced by Michael Phillip Wojewoda it is now considered a classic of Canadian music at the 2016 Polaris Music Prize it was named a shortlisted nominee in the 1976 1985 category for the 2016 Polaris Music Prize the 2017 Polaris Music Prize and the 2018 Polaris Music Prize A song from this LP The Fairview Mall Story was based on true events concerning media publication of the names of men arrested after being entrapped by police and was instrumental in paving the way for the emergence of the queercore scene Their video for the song directed by indie feature film director Steven Rumbelow involved 50 s images of men cruising in their new cars shopping malls and car crashes was intercut with the band and go go dancer Bruce La Bruce A video for the song Where Are they Now was also made directed by Marc de Guerre Their live shows often included films played overtop of the band and a go go boy dancing They were frequently accompanied by guest musicians who played instruments as varied as saxophone trumpet flute or violin Independent minded they released their recordings including their second full length recording All Time Queen Of The World themselves A video for the song Like This from the album was directed by Bruce LaBruce with the band The band also appeared on a number of compilations In 1992 they released a single All Women Are Bitches on the independent record label K Records All Women Are Bitches was produced by Walter Sobczak and Fifth Column 2 Despite being controversial and receiving little airplay the recording was reviewed by Everett True and voted Single Of The Week in the UK music publication Melody Maker This song was included as well on their last full length recording 36C released in 1994 That same year a video for the song Donna was also released It was the flipside of the 1992 single and was also on the album The band broke up in early 1995 playing their final show in Ottawa Jones has said the band were frustrated that she was too busy with a gallery in New York and many other projects This led to Azar quitting after a missed an opportunity to tour the UK 3 The band s last recording was released in 2002 on the Kill Rock Stars compilation Fields And Streams Caroline Azar again teamed up with G B Jones to create the installation performance The Bruised Garden in 2013 at The Theatre Centre in Toronto Ontario which included music composed by the pair and credited to Fifth Column making this their last song written together Band members have performed with other groups as well Caroline Azar has recorded with Kickstand from New York and Jolly Tambourine Man Shadowy Men on a Shadowy Planet Greek Buck and Hidden Cameras from Toronto Since the breakup of the band Azar produces her librettos compositions for her dramatic musicals MAN O REXIC and D I N K and other musical commissions In 2015 Azar combined Wilfred Owen s anti war poem Anthem for Doomed Youth with original music she composed for Peter Hinton s play The End at Theatre 20 Azar surprised audiences with her 2018 and 2019 two part one woman comedy stand up walking tour lecture on the absurdity of civics expressly written for actress comedienne Jamillah Ross as PEO Rita Mae Nelson entitled St Peon Of The People and St Peon of Parkdale The third installment was entitled St Peon Of The Planet and was slated to go to The Edinburgh Festival also starring GB Jones and Joel Gibb Beverly Breckenridge toured with The Spinnanes and was also a member of Phono Comb Prior to her involvement with Fifth Column Jones was part of the electropunk band Bunny and the Lakers She has collaborated with the Italian dark ambient group Mariae Nascenti and appeared on the single Party With The Devil by Agnoema Jones now performs with Opera Arcana In 2015 Caroline Azar teamed up with Opera Arcana to create a theatrical performance called The Bruised Spirits of Southern Ontario an adult gothic folk musical experience based on the music of Opera Arcana featuring Jones and Minus Smile formerly of Kids On TV Azar wrote the story inspired by Jones and Kerr s trance based meditations and directed and produced the experimental multi media event for Opera Arcana at Videofag run by Jordan Tannahill and William Ellis Opera Arcana appeared as guest musicians on UK artist Nick Hudson s 2016 release Ganymede In A State of War In 2017 Opera Arcana recorded an original soundtrack for the film Downroad by Kelly Wydryk released on CD in 2019 Fifth Column have been nominated for a Polaris Music Prize in the Heritage section for the 2016 Polaris Music Prize 2017 Polaris Music Prize and 2018 Polaris Music Prize In popular culture editIn 2004 the song All Women Are Bitches was covered and re imagined by the band Lesbians On Ecstasy on their self titled debut album Lesbians On Ecstasy as Bitchsy 4 in 2005 it was remixed and sampled along with Bitchsy by Kids on TV for the compilation album Giggles In The Dark 5 In 2012 a documentary film by Kevin Hegge called She Said Boom The Story of Fifth Column was released featuring interviews with band members Caroline Azar G B Jones and Beverly Breckenridge with commentary on the influence of Fifth Column by Toronto artist John Brown Vaginal Davis Kathleen Hanna and Bruce LaBruce 6 Discography editAlbums edit To Sir With Hate 1985 Hide Records All Time Queen of the World 1990 Hide Records 36C 1994 K Records EPs edit Fifth Column EP also known as Boy Girl EP contains tracks Monsieur Beauchamps Boy Girl Legionnaires 1983 Voicespondence Records 1 Singles edit All Women Are Bitches Donna 7 on K Records 1992 Don t 7 split single with God Is My Co Pilot on Outpunk Records 1994 I Love You But 7 split single with Trailer Queen on Dark Beloved Cloud Records 1995 Soundtracks edit Work 1989 Hide Records amp Tapes soundtrack for the video by Paulette Phillips and Geoffrey Shea cassette only release Compilation appearances edit Hit The Dirt Lapsed State Dry Goods Pick Ups Trojans Boy Girl on Urban Scorch Some Products cassette only 1981 Incident Prone on Urban Renewal Hide Tape 4 cassette only 1984 Right Hook on Dementia 5 Hide Tape 5 cassette only 1985 The Fairview Mall Story on J D s Top Ten Hit Parade Tape Hide Records amp Tapes cassette only 1990 Like This on Brave New Waves CBC Records 1991 Yo Yo on The Yo Yo Gang Bitch Nation Records amp Tapes soundtrack for the film by G B Jones cassette only 1992 Chewing Gum on Keep On The Sunny Side A Tribute to the Carter Family Amoeba Records 1993 Bad Madelaine on Wired For Sound CKLN FM 1993 All Women Are Bitches on International Hip Swing K Records 1993 Detox Killer Erotic Thriller on Rock Stars Kill Kill Rock Stars 1994 Don t on Free to Fight Chainsaw Records and Candy Ass Records co release 1995 Imbecile on Fields And Streams Kill Rock Stars 2002 Soundtrack appearances edit Fifth Column at the Funnel directed by John Porter 1982 Work directed by Paulette Phillips and Geoffrey Shea 1987 The Troublemakers directed by G B Jones 1990 The Yo Yo Gang directed by G B Jones 1992 My Niagara directed by Helen Lee 1992 A Gun For Jennifer directed by Todd Morris 1996 She s Real directed by Lucy Thane 1997 Queercore A Punk u mentary directed by Scott Treleaven 1997 The Law of Enclosures directed by John Greyson 2000 She Said Boom The Story of Fifth Column directed by Kevin Hegge 2012 Videography edit Donna directed by Friday Myers 1994 Like This directed by Bruce LaBruce 1990 Most recent line up editG B Jones drums guitar vocals 7 Caroline Azar vocals organ guitar Beverly Breckenridge bass 1986 also of Phono Comb Previous members edit Kathleen Pirrie Adams bass 1980 1982 Janet Martin guitar 1980 1985 Anita Smith bass 1982 1986 Charlotte Briede guitar 1985 1990 David Keyes of The Polkaholics drums 1989 Joel Wasson drums 1990 1992 Chaz Salmon guitar 1990 1992 Michelle Breslin of Karaoke and Sadoceanspacebear guitar 1992 1995 Don Pyle of Shadowy Men on a Shadowy Planet and Phono Comb drums 1992 1993 Donna Dresch of Team Dresch guitar 1993 7 Torry Colichio drums 1993 1994 Luc Menard drums 1995 1995 Anne McLean bass unknown years See also editList of all female bands List of bands from CanadaReferences edit Fifth Column We Dug A Trench 1980 1995 in Any Night Of The Week A D I Y History of Toronto Music 1957 2001 by Jonny Dovercourt Coach House Books 2020 ISBN 9781552453964 Fifth Column All Women Are Bitches b w Donna picture sleeve Citizenfreak com Retrieved 2020 03 06 Fifth Column We Dug A Trench 1980 1995 in Any Night Of The Week A D I Y History of Toronto Music 1957 2001 by Jonny Dovercourt Coach House Books 2020 ISBN 9781552453964 Draper Jimmy Ladies First San Francisco Bay Guardian Schmidt Andy Interview Kids on TV Toronto Indie com Oct 2007 Archived September 30 2011 at the Wayback Machine Wheeler Brad 2012 04 27 Kevin Hegge premieres punk feminist doc at Hot Docs Globe and Mail retrieved 2012 05 03 a b McDonnell Evelyn Girls Guitars Out Magazine Vol 8 No 10 Published by Here Publishing April 2000 External links editOfficial Fifth Column channel on YouTube Discogs page Facebook page Fifth Column in the Virtual Museum of Heritage Toronto Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fifth Column band amp oldid 1193299634, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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