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Zhang Sanfeng

February 09, 2023

In this Chinese name, the family name is Zhang.

Zhang Sanfeng (also spelled Zhang San Feng, Chang San-Feng) refers to a legendary Chinese Taoist who many believe invented T'ai chi ch'üan.[1] However, other sources point to early versions of Tai Chi predating Sanfeng.[2] He was purported to have achieved immortality.

Zhang Sanfeng
張三丰
Statue of Zhang Sanfeng at the Wudang Mountains
Born12th century
San city in China
StyleNeijia
Notable students13 students
Zhang Sanfeng
Traditional Chinese張三丰
Simplified Chinese张三丰
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhāng Sānfēng
Wade–GilesChang1 San1-feng1

History

According to various accounts[citation needed], he was born in Shaowu, Nanping, Fujian near the end of the Southern Song dynasty (around 1270 C.E.) and lived for over 211 years[citation needed] until the mid-Ming dynasty. His given name was Tong (通) and his courtesy name was Junbao (君寶，君宝).[3] He specialised in Confucian and Taoist studies, scholarly and literary arts[citation needed]. During the reign of Emperor Shizu in the Yuan dynasty, he was nominated as a candidate to join the civil service and held office as the Magistrate of Boling County (博陵縣; around present-day Dingzhou, Baoding, Hebei). While touring around the mountainous regions near present-day Baoji, Shaanxi, he saw the summits of three mountains and decided to give himself the Taoist name "Sanfengzi" (三丰子), hence he also became known as "Zhang Sanfeng".

Zhang Sanfeng's life was one of indifference to fame and wealth. After declining to serve the government and giving away his property to his clan, he travelled around China and lived as an ascetic. He spent several years on Mount Hua before settling in the Wudang Mountains.[4]

Legend

Zhang Sanfeng is purported as having created the concept of neijia (內家) in Chinese martial arts, specifically taijiquan, a Neo-Confucian syncretism of Shaolin martial arts with his mastery of daoyin (or neigong) principles[citation needed]. On one occasion, he observed a bird attacking a snake and was greatly inspired by the snake's defensive tactics. It remained still and alert in the face of the bird's onslaught until it made a lunge and fatally bit its attacker. This incident inspired him to create a set of 72 taijiquan movements.[5] He is also associated with the Taoist monasteries in the Wudang Mountains.

Huang Zongxi's Epitaph for Wang Zhengnan (1669) gave Zhang Sanfeng credit for the development of a Taoist "internal martial arts" style, as opposed to the "external" style of the Shaolin martial arts tradition. Stanley Henning's article, Ignorance, Legend and Taijiquan, criticised the myth that Zhang Sanfeng created taijiquan and cast doubt on whether Zhang really existed.[6]

Zhang Sanfeng was also an expert in the White Crane and Snake styles of Chinese martial arts[citation needed], and in the use of the jian (double-edged Chinese sword).[citation needed] According to 19th century documents preserved in the archives of the Yang and Wu-styles taijiquan families,[citation needed] Zhang Sanfeng's master was Xu Xuanping, a Tang dynasty Taoist poet and daoyin expert. The taijiquan families who honour Zhang Sanfeng as the creator of taijiquan traditionally celebrate his birthday on the ninth day of the third month in the Chinese calendar.[citation needed]

Writings

Writings attributed to Zhang Sanfeng include the Da Dao Lun (大道論),[7] Xuanji Zhi Jiang (玄機直講), Xuan Tan Quanji (玄譚全集), Xuan Yao Pian (玄要篇), Wu Gen Shu Ci (無根樹詞) and others[citation needed]. These were compiled into a collection known as The Complete Collection of Mr Zhang Sanfeng (張三丰先生全集), which is found in Dao Zang Ji Yao (道藏輯要), a series of Taoist texts compiled by Peng Dingqiu (彭定求) in the early Qing dynasty. It also contained introductory notes on Taoist martial arts and music.

In folktales, fiction and media

Literature

Owing to his legendary status, Zhang Sanfeng's name appears in Chinese wuxia novels, films and television series as a spiritual teacher and martial arts master and monk.[citation needed]. Zhang Sanfeng's popularity among the Chinese is also attributed to his personality and association with Confucianism and Taoism.[8] The best known depiction of Zhang Sanfeng in fiction is probably in Jin Yong's wuxia novel The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber, which is primarily set in the final years of the Yuan dynasty. In the novel, Zhang Sanfeng is a former Shaolin monk who founded the Wudang School based in the Wudang Mountains. He has seven apprentices, the "Seven Heroes of Wudang", one of whom is the father of the novel's protagonist, Zhang Wuji. According to many regional gazettes[citation needed], Zhang Sanfeng was still alive in the reign of the Tianshun Emperor (r. 1457–1464) in the Ming dynasty, having lived for more than 200 years.

Film and television

Notes

  1. ^ "THE FATHER OF TAI CHI AND A MYSTERIOUS IMMORTAL ZHANG SANFENG". Internal Wudang Martial Arts. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  2. ^ Kiew-Kit, Wong (1996-11-01). The Complete Book of Tai Chi Chuan: A Comprehensive Guide to the Principles and Practice. Element Books Ltd. p. 16-19. ISBN 9781852307929.
  3. ^ "Saints & Sages Part VII [part 2]: Zhang Sanfeng (1247——)". Purple Cloud. 2021-03-16. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
  4. ^ Liu, Albert (2004). Nei Jia Quan: Internal Martial Arts. North Atlantic Books.
  5. ^ [dead link] Mount Wudang -- Abode of Immortals and a Martial Monk 2009-09-24 at the Wayback Machine, by staff reporter Huo Jianying (front page)
  6. ^ Henning, Stanley (1994). "Ignorance, Legend and Taijiquan" (PDF). Journal of the Chen Style Taijiquan Research Association of Hawaii. 2 (3): 1–7.
  7. ^ "Saints & Sages Part VII: 張三丰 Zhang San Feng (1247——) – Purple Cloud". Retrieved 2020-08-01.
  8. ^ "Zhang Sanfeng". U China Visa. Retrieved 16 November 2014.

References

  • Wile, Douglas Lost T'ai-chi Classics from the late Ch'ing Dynasty (1996) State University of New York Press, Albany. ISBN 0-7914-2653-X
  • Albert Liu, Nei Jia Quan: Internal Martial Arts, North Atlantic Books, 2004
  • Journal of Asian Martial Arts Volume 16, No. 4, 2007. Via Media Publishing, Santa Fe, New Mexico USA. ISSN 1057-8358

External links

  • Master Chang San-Feng by Michael P. Garofalo

February 09, 2023
zhang, sanfeng, this, chinese, name, family, name, zhang, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, february, 2008, lear. In this Chinese name the family name is Zhang This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations February 2008 Learn how and when to remove this template message Zhang Sanfeng also spelled Zhang San Feng Chang San Feng refers to a legendary Chinese Taoist who many believe invented T ai chi ch uan 1 However other sources point to early versions of Tai Chi predating Sanfeng 2 He was purported to have achieved immortality Zhang Sanfeng張三丰Statue of Zhang Sanfeng at the Wudang MountainsBorn12th centurySan city in ChinaStyleNeijiaNotable students13 studentsZhang SanfengTraditional Chinese張三丰Simplified Chinese张三丰TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinZhang SanfengWade GilesChang1 San1 feng1 Contents 1 History 2 Legend 3 Writings 4 In folktales fiction and media 4 1 Literature 4 2 Film and television 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksHistory EditAccording to various accounts citation needed he was born in Shaowu Nanping Fujian near the end of the Southern Song dynasty around 1270 C E and lived for over 211 years citation needed until the mid Ming dynasty His given name was Tong 通 and his courtesy name was Junbao 君寶 君宝 3 He specialised in Confucian and Taoist studies scholarly and literary arts citation needed During the reign of Emperor Shizu in the Yuan dynasty he was nominated as a candidate to join the civil service and held office as the Magistrate of Boling County 博陵縣 around present day Dingzhou Baoding Hebei While touring around the mountainous regions near present day Baoji Shaanxi he saw the summits of three mountains and decided to give himself the Taoist name Sanfengzi 三丰子 hence he also became known as Zhang Sanfeng Zhang Sanfeng s life was one of indifference to fame and wealth After declining to serve the government and giving away his property to his clan he travelled around China and lived as an ascetic He spent several years on Mount Hua before settling in the Wudang Mountains 4 Legend EditZhang Sanfeng is purported as having created the concept of neijia 內家 in Chinese martial arts specifically taijiquan a Neo Confucian syncretism of Shaolin martial arts with his mastery of daoyin or neigong principles citation needed On one occasion he observed a bird attacking a snake and was greatly inspired by the snake s defensive tactics It remained still and alert in the face of the bird s onslaught until it made a lunge and fatally bit its attacker This incident inspired him to create a set of 72 taijiquan movements 5 He is also associated with the Taoist monasteries in the Wudang Mountains Huang Zongxi s Epitaph for Wang Zhengnan 1669 gave Zhang Sanfeng credit for the development of a Taoist internal martial arts style as opposed to the external style of the Shaolin martial arts tradition Stanley Henning s article Ignorance Legend and Taijiquan criticised the myth that Zhang Sanfeng created taijiquan and cast doubt on whether Zhang really existed 6 Zhang Sanfeng was also an expert in the White Crane and Snake styles of Chinese martial arts citation needed and in the use of the jian double edged Chinese sword citation needed According to 19th century documents preserved in the archives of the Yang and Wu styles taijiquan families citation needed Zhang Sanfeng s master was Xu Xuanping a Tang dynasty Taoist poet and daoyin expert The taijiquan families who honour Zhang Sanfeng as the creator of taijiquan traditionally celebrate his birthday on the ninth day of the third month in the Chinese calendar citation needed Writings EditWritings attributed to Zhang Sanfeng include the Da Dao Lun 大道論 7 Xuanji Zhi Jiang 玄機直講 Xuan Tan Quanji 玄譚全集 Xuan Yao Pian 玄要篇 Wu Gen Shu Ci 無根樹詞 and others citation needed These were compiled into a collection known as The Complete Collection of Mr Zhang Sanfeng 張三丰先生全集 which is found in Dao Zang Ji Yao 道藏輯要 a series of Taoist texts compiled by Peng Dingqiu 彭定求 in the early Qing dynasty It also contained introductory notes on Taoist martial arts and music In folktales fiction and media EditLiterature Edit Owing to his legendary status Zhang Sanfeng s name appears in Chinese wuxia novels films and television series as a spiritual teacher and martial arts master and monk citation needed Zhang Sanfeng s popularity among the Chinese is also attributed to his personality and association with Confucianism and Taoism 8 The best known depiction of Zhang Sanfeng in fiction is probably in Jin Yong s wuxia novel The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber which is primarily set in the final years of the Yuan dynasty In the novel Zhang Sanfeng is a former Shaolin monk who founded the Wudang School based in the Wudang Mountains He has seven apprentices the Seven Heroes of Wudang one of whom is the father of the novel s protagonist Zhang Wuji According to many regional gazettes citation needed Zhang Sanfeng was still alive in the reign of the Tianshun Emperor r 1457 1464 in the Ming dynasty having lived for more than 200 years Film and television Edit Portrayed by Kenny Ho in the 1991 Chinese Television System television series Young Zhang Sanfeng Portrayed by Jet Li in the 1993 film Tai Chi Master Portrayed by Sammo Hung in the 1993 Kung Fu Cult Master Portrayed by Eddie Kwan in the 1996 TVB series Rise of the Taiji Master Portrayed by Dicky Cheung in the 2002 TV series Taiji Prodigy Portrayed by Vincent Zhao in the 2002 TV series Wudang I and its sequel 2005 TV series Wudang II Portrayed by Yu Chenghui in the 2009 Wenzhou TV series The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber Portrayed by Seo Hyun Chul in the 2015 2016 SBS TV series Six Flying Dragons Portrayed by Liu Yi Chen in the 2018 film Zhang Sanfeng Peerless Hero and its 2020 sequel Tai Chi Hero Portrayed by Donnie Yen in the 2022 film New Kung Fu Cult Master 1 Notes Edit THE FATHER OF TAI CHI AND A MYSTERIOUS IMMORTAL ZHANG SANFENG Internal Wudang Martial Arts Retrieved 12 July 2019 Kiew Kit Wong 1996 11 01 The Complete Book of Tai Chi Chuan A Comprehensive Guide to the Principles and Practice Element Books Ltd p 16 19 ISBN 9781852307929 Saints amp Sages Part VII part 2 Zhang Sanfeng 1247 Purple Cloud 2021 03 16 Retrieved 2021 03 23 Liu Albert 2004 Nei Jia Quan Internal Martial Arts North Atlantic Books dead link Mount Wudang Abode of Immortals and a Martial Monk Archived 2009 09 24 at the Wayback Machine by staff reporter Huo Jianying front page Henning Stanley 1994 Ignorance Legend and Taijiquan PDF Journal of the Chen Style Taijiquan Research Association of Hawaii 2 3 1 7 Saints amp Sages Part VII 張三丰 Zhang San Feng 1247 Purple Cloud Retrieved 2020 08 01 Zhang Sanfeng U China Visa Retrieved 16 November 2014 References EditWile Douglas Lost T ai chi Classics from the late Ch ing Dynasty 1996 State University of New York Press Albany ISBN 0 7914 2653 X Albert Liu Nei Jia Quan Internal Martial Arts North Atlantic Books 2004 Journal of Asian Martial Arts Volume 16 No 4 2007 Via Media Publishing Santa Fe New Mexico USA ISSN 1057 8358External links EditMaster Chang San Feng by Michael P Garofalo Literati page casts serious doubt on Zhang Sanfeng s existence Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Zhang Sanfeng amp oldid 1132738085, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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