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Vocational education in India

December 04, 2023

Vocational education is that form of instruction designed to prepare people for industrial or commercial employment. It can be acquired either formally in trade schools, technical secondary schools, or in on-the-job training programs or, more informally, by picking up the necessary skills on the job.[1]

CEO World magazine ranked India's economic growth rate at the beginning of the 21st century as among the 10 highest in the developing world.[2] Combined with the fact that India has been ranked the 5th largest economy in the world, the latest survey of unemployment in India 2021-2022 shows the unemployment rate [3]as 6.40%. The economic times[4] revealed that labour market shrunk by 2.1 million in 2022.  

Employers requiring skilled workers and the employment-seeking population face issues like lower wages, poor working condition which puts India in a unique position. A labour/skill shortage for industry survey by FICCI (Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce) found that 90% of companies face a labour shortage. 89% of companies said that the demand for the product is not met due to labour shortages in the market. The research paper India’s dream run and its aftermath[5] shows that India did see an economic boom from 2003-08 referred to as the dream run but not in the manufacturing sector, which made it difficult to provide jobs to unskilled and semi-skilled populations. This problem is aggravated due to a lack of skill development programs to bridge the labour demand and supply gap.

Courses By CBSE edit

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) in India has included following vocational subjects in their senior secondary education:

Commerce based:

  1. Office Secretaryship
  2. Stenography and Computer Applications
  3. Accountancy and Auditing
  4. Marketing and Salesmanship
  5. Banking
  6. Retail
  7. Financial Market Management
  8. Business Administration

Engineering based:

  1. Electrical Technology
  2. Automobile Technology
  3. Civil Engineering
  4. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology
  5. Electronics Technology
  6. Geospatial Technology
  7. Foundry
  8. IT Application

Health and Para Medical based:

  1. Ophthalmic Techniques
  2. Medical Laboratory Techniques
  3. Auxiliary Nursing & Midwifery
  4. X-Ray Technician
  5. Healthcare Sciences
  6. Health and Beauty Studies
  7. Medical Diagnostics

Home Science based:

  1. Fashion Design & Clothing Construction
  2. Textile Design
  3. Design Fundamental
  4. Music Technical Production
  5. Beauty Services

Others:

  1. Transportation System & Logistic Management
  2. Life Insurance
  3. Library and Information Sciences

Agriculture based:

  1. Poultry Farming
  2. Horticulture
  3. Dairying Science and Technology

Hospitality and Tourism based:

  1. Food Production
  2. Food and Beverage Services
  3. Mass Media Studies and Media Production
  4. Bakery and Confectionery
  5. Front office
  6. Travel and Tourism

Courses offered by Government of India edit

  1. Udaan
  2. Polytechnics
  3. Parvaaz[3]
  4. National Rural Livelihood Mission[4]
  5. Industrial Training Institutes
  6. Aajeevika mission of national rural livelihood[6]
  7. Craftsmen Training Scheme[7]

Challenges to Implement VET in India edit

The challenges for the growth of vocational training such as traditional and cultural bias against non-white collar jobs. The lack of mechanism at the state level to work towards vocational education and training have been observed in the research paper.[8]

The UGC and other bodies do not recognize vocational courses offered by the private institution leading to the low uptake of Vocational courses. The paper also mentioned an unemployment rate of 11% in VET courses.

Initiatives by Government   edit

After the National Skills Development Policy[9] in 2009, the government created National Skills Coordination Board,[10] the National Skill Development Corporation, and National Skills Qualification Framework.[11] There was a commitment made by the Minister of Finance to inject Rs.1000 crore into the system structure.

Sector Skills Councils[12] was established under NSDC, aiming to involve industry in training and labour force growth, set occupational standards, and accredit qualification. The creation of NSQF includes academic, vocational, and technical qualifications. It aims to facilitate the recognition of prior learning and improvement between the levels and types of education.

Schemes by Government edit

  • In 2014, the National Skill Certification and Monetary Reward Scheme provided monetary incentives on average of Rs.10,000 for completing certain training programs. The target of the scheme was to upskill one million young people.
  • In 2015, the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana scheme was launched to provide skills to 2.4 million people. Out of the 2.4 million people, a million were registered under the Recognition of Prior Learning Framework.
  • The Modular Employable Skills scheme focused on providing short-term training in high-demand sectors and industries. The training fees incurred under the scheme are refunded on completion of the certification. Also, female candidates from backward castes are given discounts to encourage participation.

Impact of VET on Economy edit

The Institute of Applied Manpower Research argued that 291 million additional workers are required in 2022-2023. The government attempted to increase the VET in the country to upskill 500 million workers to reduce the gap.

A research article on vocational educational and training in India found that 11% of 15-29 years old who had received vocational education and training are unemployed. This trend is slowly reversing but still exists.

A study from the International Labour Organization shows that apprenticeships have the potential to contribute to the economy. It said that small businesses found the increased earnings associated with training outweighed the associated cost.

The NPSD recognized the informal sector's potential as a significant part of the economy.[13]

References edit

  1. ^ "Vocational education". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-11-25.
  2. ^ Brown, Lisa (September 5, 2022). "The World's Largest Economies, 2022". ceoworld.biz. CEOWorld. Retrieved 2023-04-04.
  3. ^ a b "Vocational Training and for Underprivileged Children and Youths in India". Yashoda Foundation - An NGO dedicated to the betterment of underprivileged children & their families. 2015-04-28. Retrieved 2018-06-11.
  4. ^ a b Indusnettechnologies, Goutam Pal, Dipak K S, Swadesh Dey. "National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM): National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM)". udd.uk.gov.in. Retrieved 2018-06-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ http://www.igidr.ac.in/images/stories/India-Dream-Run.pdf
  6. ^ "Welcome to National Rural Livelihoods Mission | National Rural Livelihoods Mission". aajeevika.gov.in. Retrieved 2018-06-11.
  7. ^ "Vocational Training in India - A skill Based Education". Vocational Training Center. 2018-05-01. Retrieved 2018-06-11.
  8. ^ Agrawal, Tushar; Agrawal, Ankush (2017). "Vocational education and training in India: A labour market perspective". Journal of Vocational Education & Training. 69 (2): 246–265. doi:10.1080/13636820.2017.1303785. S2CID 148692719.
  9. ^ https://www.msde.gov.in/en/reports-documents/policies/national-policy-skill-development-and-entrepreneurship-2015
  10. ^ Media, CPPR; PR. "National Skill Development Coordination Board (NSDCB) Archives". Centre for Public Policy Research (CPPR). Retrieved 2022-11-08.
  11. ^ HQ_Content_Creator (2021-03-21). "About NSQF". www.nielit.gov.in. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
  12. ^ "Sector Skill Councils (SSC) | Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship | NSDC". nsdcindia.org. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
  13. ^ https://www.cityandguildsgroup.com/~/media/cgg%20website/documents/cggroupindia%20pdf.ashx

Sources edit

  • CBSE Vocational Courses

Further reading edit

  • ‘Vocational education can be mainstream career option’
  • Vocational education mostly ineffective in India: Survey
  • Cabinet approves establishment of National Council for Vocational Education and Training
  • The vocational way
  • Can vocational education make a comeback?

External links edit

  • Department of School and Education Literacy

December 04, 2023
vocational, education, india, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, ar. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Vocational education in India news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article is in list format but may read better as prose You can help by converting this article if appropriate Editing help is available May 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Vocational education is that form of instruction designed to prepare people for industrial or commercial employment It can be acquired either formally in trade schools technical secondary schools or in on the job training programs or more informally by picking up the necessary skills on the job 1 CEO World magazine ranked India s economic growth rate at the beginning of the 21st century as among the 10 highest in the developing world 2 Combined with the fact that India has been ranked the 5th largest economy in the world the latest survey of unemployment in India 2021 2022 shows the unemployment rate 3 as 6 40 The economic times 4 revealed that labour market shrunk by 2 1 million in 2022 Employers requiring skilled workers and the employment seeking population face issues like lower wages poor working condition which puts India in a unique position A labour skill shortage for industry survey by FICCI Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce found that 90 of companies face a labour shortage 89 of companies said that the demand for the product is not met due to labour shortages in the market The research paper India s dream run and its aftermath 5 shows that India did see an economic boom from 2003 08 referred to as the dream run but not in the manufacturing sector which made it difficult to provide jobs to unskilled and semi skilled populations This problem is aggravated due to a lack of skill development programs to bridge the labour demand and supply gap Contents 1 Courses By CBSE 2 Courses offered by Government of India 3 Challenges to Implement VET in India 4 Initiatives by Government 4 1 Schemes by Government 5 Impact of VET on Economy 6 References 7 Sources 8 Further reading 9 External linksCourses By CBSE editThe Central Board of Secondary Education CBSE in India has included following vocational subjects in their senior secondary education Commerce based Office Secretaryship Stenography and Computer Applications Accountancy and Auditing Marketing and Salesmanship Banking Retail Financial Market Management Business AdministrationEngineering based Electrical Technology Automobile Technology Civil Engineering Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology Electronics Technology Geospatial Technology Foundry IT ApplicationHealth and Para Medical based Ophthalmic Techniques Medical Laboratory Techniques Auxiliary Nursing amp Midwifery X Ray Technician Healthcare Sciences Health and Beauty Studies Medical DiagnosticsHome Science based Fashion Design amp Clothing Construction Textile Design Design Fundamental Music Technical Production Beauty ServicesOthers Transportation System amp Logistic Management Life Insurance Library and Information SciencesAgriculture based Poultry Farming Horticulture Dairying Science and TechnologyHospitality and Tourism based Food Production Food and Beverage Services Mass Media Studies and Media Production Bakery and Confectionery Front office Travel and TourismCourses offered by Government of India editUdaan Polytechnics Parvaaz 3 National Rural Livelihood Mission 4 Industrial Training Institutes Aajeevika mission of national rural livelihood 6 Craftsmen Training Scheme 7 Challenges to Implement VET in India editThe challenges for the growth of vocational training such as traditional and cultural bias against non white collar jobs The lack of mechanism at the state level to work towards vocational education and training have been observed in the research paper 8 The UGC and other bodies do not recognize vocational courses offered by the private institution leading to the low uptake of Vocational courses The paper also mentioned an unemployment rate of 11 in VET courses Initiatives by Government editAfter the National Skills Development Policy 9 in 2009 the government created National Skills Coordination Board 10 the National Skill Development Corporation and National Skills Qualification Framework 11 There was a commitment made by the Minister of Finance to inject Rs 1000 crore into the system structure Sector Skills Councils 12 was established under NSDC aiming to involve industry in training and labour force growth set occupational standards and accredit qualification The creation of NSQF includes academic vocational and technical qualifications It aims to facilitate the recognition of prior learning and improvement between the levels and types of education Schemes by Government edit In 2014 the National Skill Certification and Monetary Reward Scheme provided monetary incentives on average of Rs 10 000 for completing certain training programs The target of the scheme was to upskill one million young people In 2015 the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana scheme was launched to provide skills to 2 4 million people Out of the 2 4 million people a million were registered under the Recognition of Prior Learning Framework The Modular Employable Skills scheme focused on providing short term training in high demand sectors and industries The training fees incurred under the scheme are refunded on completion of the certification Also female candidates from backward castes are given discounts to encourage participation Impact of VET on Economy editThe Institute of Applied Manpower Research argued that 291 million additional workers are required in 2022 2023 The government attempted to increase the VET in the country to upskill 500 million workers to reduce the gap A research article on vocational educational and training in India found that 11 of 15 29 years old who had received vocational education and training are unemployed This trend is slowly reversing but still exists A study from the International Labour Organization shows that apprenticeships have the potential to contribute to the economy It said that small businesses found the increased earnings associated with training outweighed the associated cost The NPSD recognized the informal sector s potential as a significant part of the economy 13 References edit Vocational education Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved 2018 11 25 Brown Lisa September 5 2022 The World s Largest Economies 2022 ceoworld biz CEOWorld Retrieved 2023 04 04 a b Vocational Training and for Underprivileged Children and Youths in India Yashoda Foundation An NGO dedicated to the betterment of underprivileged children amp their families 2015 04 28 Retrieved 2018 06 11 a b Indusnettechnologies Goutam Pal Dipak K S Swadesh Dey National Urban Livelihoods Mission NULM National Urban Livelihoods Mission NULM udd uk gov in Retrieved 2018 06 11 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link http www igidr ac in images stories India Dream Run pdf Welcome to National Rural Livelihoods Mission National Rural Livelihoods Mission aajeevika gov in Retrieved 2018 06 11 Vocational Training in India A skill Based Education Vocational Training Center 2018 05 01 Retrieved 2018 06 11 Agrawal Tushar Agrawal Ankush 2017 Vocational education and training in India A labour market perspective Journal of Vocational Education amp Training 69 2 246 265 doi 10 1080 13636820 2017 1303785 S2CID 148692719 https www msde gov in en reports documents policies national policy skill development and entrepreneurship 2015 Media CPPR PR National Skill Development Coordination Board NSDCB Archives Centre for Public Policy Research CPPR Retrieved 2022 11 08 HQ Content Creator 2021 03 21 About NSQF www nielit gov in Retrieved 2022 11 08 Sector Skill Councils SSC Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship NSDC nsdcindia org Retrieved 2022 11 08 https www cityandguildsgroup com media cgg 20website documents cggroupindia 20pdf ashxSources editCBSE Vocational CoursesFurther reading edit Vocational education can be mainstream career option Vocational education mostly ineffective in India Survey Cabinet approves establishment of National Council for Vocational Education and Training The vocational way Can vocational education make a comeback External links editDepartment of School and Education Literacy Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Vocational education in India amp oldid 1148117865, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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