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Volkswagen air-cooled engine

January 05, 2023

The Volkswagen air-cooled engine is an air-cooled, gasoline-fuelled, boxer engine with four horizontally opposed cast-iron cylinders, cast aluminum alloy cylinder heads and pistons, magnesium-alloy crankcase, and forged steel crankshaft and connecting rods.

Volkswagen Boxer Engine
Overview
ManufacturerVolkswagen
Production1936–2006
Layout
ConfigurationFlat-4 naturally aspirated petrol engine
Displacement985 cc (60.1 cu in) to 1,971 cc (120.3 cu in)
Chronology
SuccessorVolkswagen Wasserboxer engine

There are two distinct families/variations of the aircooled engine namely Type 1 and Type 4. The Type 3 engine is a variation of the Type 1 engine with pancake cooling arrangement.

Variations of the engine were produced by Volkswagen plants worldwide from 1936 until 2006 for use in Volkswagen's own vehicles, notably the Type 1 (Beetle), Type 2 (bus, transporter), Type 3, and Type 4. Additionally, the engines were widely used in industrial, light aircraft and kit car applications.

Type 1: 1.0–1.6 litres

1200

Volkswagen Typ 1200[1]
 
Overview
Also called1200 Engine
Production1950–1991
Layout
Displacement1,192 cc (72.7 cu in)
Cylinder bore77 mm (3.03 in)
Piston stroke64 mm (2.52 in)
Compression ratio7.0:1 – 7.3:1
Combustion
Fuel systemCarburettor
Solex 28 PCI or Solex 28 PICT
Fuel typeCarburettor fuel
86 RON (7:1 compression ratio)
87 RON (7,3:1 compression ratio)
Output
Power output22 kW (30 PS; 30 bhp)
25 kW (34 PS; 34 bhp)
27 kW (37 PS; 36 bhp)
30 kW (41 PS; 40 bhp)
Specific power18.5–21.0 kW (25–29 PS; 25–28 bhp) / L
Torque outputdepending on engine application, around ~70–80 N·m

The 1.2-litre engine is called Typ 122 and has a displacement of 1,192 cc (72.7 cu in).[1] As industrial engine, its rated power is 22.8 kW (31 PS; 31 bhp) at 3000 min−1 without a governor, the highest torque 81.4 N⋅m (60 lbf⋅ft) at 2000 min−1. With a governor set to 8% accuracy, the rated power is 21.33 kW (29 bhp; 29 PS) at 3000 min−1, the highest torque is 69.63 N⋅m (51 lbf⋅ft) at 2000 min−1.[2] For other applications, the power and torque output may vary, e.g. On the Beetle produced 41 PS (40 bhp; 30 kW) at 3900 rpm and 88 N⋅m (65 lbf⋅ft) of torque at 2400 rpm.[3]

Other applications

Beginning in 1987, Dunn-Right Incorporated of Anderson, South Carolina has made a kit to perform the conversion of a VW engine to a compressor.[4]

Industrial

Volkswagen AG has officially offered these air-cooled boxer engines for use in industrial applications since 1950, lately under its Volkswagen Industrial Motor brand. Available in 18 kilowatts (24 PS; 24 bhp), 22 kilowatts (30 PS; 30 bhp), 25 kilowatts (34 PS; 34 bhp), 31 kilowatts (42 PS; 42 bhp), 33 kilowatts (45 PS; 44 bhp) and 46 kilowatts (63 PS; 62 bhp) outputs, from displacements of 1.2 litres (73 cu in) to 1.8 litres (110 cu in), these Industrial air-cooled engines were officially discontinued in 1991.[citation needed]

Aircraft

The air-cooled opposed four-cylinder Beetle engines have been used for other purposes as well. Limbach Flugmotoren has since 1970 produced more than 6000 certified aircraft engines based on the Beetle engine.[5][6][7][8] Sauer has since 1987 produced certified engines for small airplanes and motorgliders,[9] and is now also producing engines for the ultralight community in Europe.[10][11]

Especially interesting is its use as an experimental aircraft engine. This type of VW engine deployment started separately in Europe and in the US. In Europe this started in France straight after the Second World War using the engine in the Volkswagen Kübelwagen that were abandoned by the thousands in the country side[12] and peaked with the JPX engine.[13] In the US this started in the 1960s when VW Beetle started to show up there.[12] A number of companies still produce aero engines that are Volkswagen Beetle engine derivatives: Limbach, Sauer, Hapi, Revmaster, Great Plains Type 1 Front Drive, Hummel, the AeroConversions AeroVee Engine, and others. Kit planes or plans built experimental aircraft were specifically designed to utilize these engines. The VW air-cooled engine does not require an expensive and often complex gear reduction unit to utilize a propeller at efficient cruise RPM. With its relative low cost and parts availability, many experimental aircraft are designed around the VW engines.[14][15]

Formula V Air Racing uses aircraft designed to get maximum performance out of a VW powered aircraft resulting in race speeds above 160 mph.[16]

Some aircraft that use the VW engine are:

 
Volkswagen air-cooled engine installed in an Evans VP-1 Volksplane

Half VW

 
Half Volkswagen engine mounted in a Hummel Bird

For aircraft use, a number of experimenters, who were seeking a small, two-cylinder, four-stroke engine, began cutting Type 1 VW engine blocks in half, creating a two-cylinder, horizontally opposed engine. The resulting engine produces 30 to 38 hp (22 to 28 kW). Plans and kits have been made available for these conversions.[17][18]

One such conversion is the Carr Twin, designed by Dave Carr, introduced in January 1975, in the Experimental Aircraft Association's Sport Aviation magazine. The design won the John Livingston Award for its outstanding contribution to low cost flying and also was awarded the Stan Dzik Memorial Award for outstanding design.[18]

Other examples include the Total Engine Concepts MM CB-40 and Better Half VW.

Some aircraft that use the Half VW engine are:

References

  1. ^ a b Die Betriebsanleitung für den Volkswagen-Industriemotor Typ 122, Typ 126A. Volkswagen AG. Wolfsburg. March 1985. Page 29
  2. ^ Änderungen nach August 1965. Nachtrag zur Betriebsanleitung des Industriemotors. August 1966
  3. ^ "1963 Volkswagen Beetle Technical Specifications and Dimensions". conceptcarz. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
  4. ^ "Dunn-Right Incorporated". Dunn-Right Incorporated. n.d. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  5. ^ [1], Limbach L2400
  6. ^ [2], Limbach L2000
  7. ^ [3], Limbach L1700
  8. ^ Limbach, Limbach Aero Engines
  9. ^ Carat motorglider, Carat motorglider.
  10. ^ Sauer Flugmotorenbau, Sauer Flugmotorenbau.
  11. ^ Sauer in Groppo 16 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Sauer in Groppo.
  12. ^ a b EAA Webinar John Monnett, John Monnett.
  13. ^ JPX, JPX
  14. ^ "In North Kitsap, Turning Old Cars into New Planes". Kitsap Sun. 29 November 2009.
  15. ^ Great Plans Aircraft Newsletter, Issue 3, 2010.
  16. ^ Formula V Air Racing
  17. ^ Millholland, L. E., and Graeme Gibson (November 2002). "The Better Half VW Engine – Engine Detail". Retrieved 26 May 2010.
  18. ^ a b Great Plains Aircraft Supply Co., Inc. (n.d.). "0058 / Carr Twin Plans". Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  • "The Evolution of the Beetle". Exklusively Käfer Kabrioletts. Beetle.Cabriolets.online.fr. Retrieved 16 January 2010.

January 05, 2023
volkswagen, cooled, engine, cooled, gasoline, fuelled, boxer, engine, with, four, horizontally, opposed, cast, iron, cylinders, cast, aluminum, alloy, cylinder, heads, pistons, magnesium, alloy, crankcase, forged, steel, crankshaft, connecting, rods, volkswage. The Volkswagen air cooled engine is an air cooled gasoline fuelled boxer engine with four horizontally opposed cast iron cylinders cast aluminum alloy cylinder heads and pistons magnesium alloy crankcase and forged steel crankshaft and connecting rods Volkswagen Boxer EngineOverviewManufacturerVolkswagenProduction1936 2006LayoutConfigurationFlat 4 naturally aspirated petrol engineDisplacement985 cc 60 1 cu in to 1 971 cc 120 3 cu in ChronologySuccessorVolkswagen Wasserboxer engineThere are two distinct families variations of the aircooled engine namely Type 1 and Type 4 The Type 3 engine is a variation of the Type 1 engine with pancake cooling arrangement Variations of the engine were produced by Volkswagen plants worldwide from 1936 until 2006 for use in Volkswagen s own vehicles notably the Type 1 Beetle Type 2 bus transporter Type 3 and Type 4 Additionally the engines were widely used in industrial light aircraft and kit car applications Contents 1 Type 1 1 0 1 6 litres 1 1 1200 2 Other applications 2 1 Industrial 2 2 Aircraft 2 2 1 Half VW 3 ReferencesType 1 1 0 1 6 litres Edit1200 Edit Volkswagen Typ 1200 1 OverviewAlso called1200 EngineProduction1950 1991LayoutDisplacement1 192 cc 72 7 cu in Cylinder bore77 mm 3 03 in Piston stroke64 mm 2 52 in Compression ratio7 0 1 7 3 1CombustionFuel systemCarburettorSolex 28 PCI or Solex 28 PICTFuel typeCarburettor fuel86 RON 7 1 compression ratio 87 RON 7 3 1 compression ratio OutputPower output22 kW 30 PS 30 bhp 25 kW 34 PS 34 bhp 27 kW 37 PS 36 bhp 30 kW 41 PS 40 bhp Specific power18 5 21 0 kW 25 29 PS 25 28 bhp LTorque outputdepending on engine application around 70 80 N mThe 1 2 litre engine is called Typ 122 and has a displacement of 1 192 cc 72 7 cu in 1 As industrial engine its rated power is 22 8 kW 31 PS 31 bhp at 3000 min 1 without a governor the highest torque 81 4 N m 60 lbf ft at 2000 min 1 With a governor set to 8 accuracy the rated power is 21 33 kW 29 bhp 29 PS at 3000 min 1 the highest torque is 69 63 N m 51 lbf ft at 2000 min 1 2 For other applications the power and torque output may vary e g On the Beetle produced 41 PS 40 bhp 30 kW at 3900 rpm and 88 N m 65 lbf ft of torque at 2400 rpm 3 Other applications EditBeginning in 1987 Dunn Right Incorporated of Anderson South Carolina has made a kit to perform the conversion of a VW engine to a compressor 4 Industrial Edit Volkswagen AG has officially offered these air cooled boxer engines for use in industrial applications since 1950 lately under its Volkswagen Industrial Motor brand Available in 18 kilowatts 24 PS 24 bhp 22 kilowatts 30 PS 30 bhp 25 kilowatts 34 PS 34 bhp 31 kilowatts 42 PS 42 bhp 33 kilowatts 45 PS 44 bhp and 46 kilowatts 63 PS 62 bhp outputs from displacements of 1 2 litres 73 cu in to 1 8 litres 110 cu in these Industrial air cooled engines were officially discontinued in 1991 citation needed Aircraft Edit AeroConversions AeroVee Engine The air cooled opposed four cylinder Beetle engines have been used for other purposes as well Limbach Flugmotoren has since 1970 produced more than 6000 certified aircraft engines based on the Beetle engine 5 6 7 8 Sauer has since 1987 produced certified engines for small airplanes and motorgliders 9 and is now also producing engines for the ultralight community in Europe 10 11 Especially interesting is its use as an experimental aircraft engine This type of VW engine deployment started separately in Europe and in the US In Europe this started in France straight after the Second World War using the engine in the Volkswagen Kubelwagen that were abandoned by the thousands in the country side 12 and peaked with the JPX engine 13 In the US this started in the 1960s when VW Beetle started to show up there 12 A number of companies still produce aero engines that are Volkswagen Beetle engine derivatives Limbach Sauer Hapi Revmaster Great Plains Type 1 Front Drive Hummel the AeroConversions AeroVee Engine and others Kit planes or plans built experimental aircraft were specifically designed to utilize these engines The VW air cooled engine does not require an expensive and often complex gear reduction unit to utilize a propeller at efficient cruise RPM With its relative low cost and parts availability many experimental aircraft are designed around the VW engines 14 15 Formula V Air Racing uses aircraft designed to get maximum performance out of a VW powered aircraft resulting in race speeds above 160 mph 16 Some aircraft that use the VW engine are Volkswagen air cooled engine installed in an Evans VP 1 Volksplane Aerosport Quail Airdrome Bleriot Model XI Airdrome Dream Fantasy Twin Airdrome Fokker DR 1 Airdrome Fokker D VI Airdrome Fokker D VII Airdrome Fokker D VIII Airdrome Nieuport 11 Airdrome Nieuport 24 Airdrome Taube AirLony Skylane Airmotive EOS 001 Akaflieg Munchen Mu23 Saurier Altair Coelho AC 11 Alvarez Polliwagen Aurore MB 04 Souris Bulle Bensen B 8 BK Fliers BK 1 Bounsall Super Prospector Boyd G B 1 Bradley Aerobat Cassutt Special Circa Reproductions Nieuport 11 Circa Reproductions Nieuport 17 Corby Starlet Denney Kitfox Druine Turbulent Evans VP 1 Volksplane Evans VP 2 Volksplane Falconar F9A Falconar F11 Sporty Fisher Avenger V Fisher Youngster Flaglor Sky Scooter Flitzer Z 21 Great Plains Easy Eagle Grob G 109 Harmon Der Donnerschlag Harmon Mister America Hummel H5 Hummel Ultracruiser Plus JDT Hi MAX JPM 01 Medoc Junqua Ibis Just Superstol Mignet Pou du Ciel Mini Hawk Tiger Hawk JDT V MAX Kolb M3X Leger Pataplume 1 Light Miniature Aircraft LM 5 Milholland Legal Eagle half VW and full Type 1 VW engines Mini Coupe Monnett Sonerai Nicollier Menestrel Parker Jeanie s Teenie Parrish Dart Pazmany PL 4A Plumb BGP 1 Pober Pixie Pottier P 40 Pottier P 130 Coccinelle Preceptor STOL King Preceptor Ultra Pup Preceptor Stinger QAC Quickie Q2 RagWing RW1 Ultra Piet half VW and full Type 1 VW engines RagWing RW7 Duster half VW and full Type 1 VW engines Rand Robinson KR 1 Rand Robinson KR 2S Scheibe Falke Sisler SF 2A Cygnet Sonex Aircraft Onex Sonex Aircraft Sonex Southern Aeronautical Renegade Southern Aeronautical Scamp Stewart Headwind Stolp SA 500 Starlet Taiwan Dancer TD 3 Tipsy Nipper Taylor Monoplane Thatcher CX4 Vidor Champion V Viking Dragonfly Zenair CH 100 Half VW Edit Half Volkswagen engine mounted in a Hummel Bird For aircraft use a number of experimenters who were seeking a small two cylinder four stroke engine began cutting Type 1 VW engine blocks in half creating a two cylinder horizontally opposed engine The resulting engine produces 30 to 38 hp 22 to 28 kW Plans and kits have been made available for these conversions 17 18 One such conversion is the Carr Twin designed by Dave Carr introduced in January 1975 in the Experimental Aircraft Association s Sport Aviation magazine The design won the John Livingston Award for its outstanding contribution to low cost flying and also was awarded the Stan Dzik Memorial Award for outstanding design 18 Other examples include the Total Engine Concepts MM CB 40 and Better Half VW Some aircraft that use the Half VW engine are Belite Ultra Cub Duane s Hangar Ultrababy Hummel Bird Hummel Ultracruiser Milholland Legal Eagle half VW and full Type 1 VW engines Pop s Props Pinocchio Preceptor N3 Pup RagWing RW1 Ultra Piet half VW and full Type 1 VW engines RagWing RW4 Midwing Sport RagWing RW7 Duster half VW and full Type 1 VW engines Spacek SD 1 Minisport Ultravia PelicanReferences Edit a b Die Betriebsanleitung fur den Volkswagen Industriemotor Typ 122 Typ 126A Volkswagen AG Wolfsburg March 1985 Page 29 Anderungen nach August 1965 Nachtrag zur Betriebsanleitung des Industriemotors August 1966 1963 Volkswagen Beetle Technical Specifications and Dimensions conceptcarz Retrieved 29 October 2018 Dunn Right Incorporated Dunn Right Incorporated n d Retrieved 16 January 2010 1 Limbach L2400 2 Limbach L2000 3 Limbach L1700 Limbach Limbach Aero Engines Carat motorglider Carat motorglider Sauer Flugmotorenbau Sauer Flugmotorenbau Sauer in Groppo Archived 16 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine Sauer in Groppo a b EAA Webinar John Monnett John Monnett JPX JPX In North Kitsap Turning Old Cars into New Planes Kitsap Sun 29 November 2009 Great Plans Aircraft Newsletter Issue 3 2010 Formula V Air Racing Millholland L E and Graeme Gibson November 2002 The Better Half VW Engine Engine Detail Retrieved 26 May 2010 a b Great Plains Aircraft Supply Co Inc n d 0058 Carr Twin Plans Retrieved 16 February 2022 The Evolution of the Beetle Exklusively Kafer Kabrioletts Beetle Cabriolets online fr Retrieved 16 January 2010 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Volkswagen air cooled engine amp oldid 1120919099, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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