Within military 8 mm firearms, the Repeating Rifle Mannlicher 1888, better known as the Mannlicher M1888, was a bolt-action rifle used by several armies from 1888 to 1945. Derived from the M1885 and later M1886 models, it was Ferdinand Mannlicher's third rifle that utilized the "en bloc clip".
The M1888 was a direct and immediate descendant of the M1886 Austrian Mannlicher. This rifle too was a straight-pull, bolt-action, box magazine repeater. As early as the beginning of production of the M1886 the need and desirability for a small-bore rifle was evident. This rifle is virtually identical to its predecessor but for chambering a newly designed 8 mm cartridge, loaded originally with black powder and denominated 8×52mmR.
Shortly thereafter, the M88 cartridge was converted to semi-smokeless powder. The new cartridge was designated 8mm M.1890 scharfe Patrone and its dimensions were 8×50mmR. The sights of existing black powder 8mm Mannlicher rifles were converted to accommodate semi-smokeless ammunition by the functional arrangement of screw mounting re-graduated sideplates onto the outsides of the existing rear sight walls. The converted rifles were denominated M.88–90.
When in 1890 semi-smokeless powder became available, manufacture of rifles with a longer and thus stronger chamber and modified sights began. Although the smokeless powder filled M.93 8×50mmR cartridge can be used in this rifle, the generated pressure at 40,000 psi (275.8 MPa) is marginal, as the wedge-lock bolt system this rifle uses was originally designed to be shot with less-potent black powder filled with 11×58mmR ammunition.
Kuaili 1888 Kiangnan Rifle 7.62x55
China also used this rifle extensively during the Qing dynasty and the Republican era. China first bought Mannlicher 88 rifles before the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894–1895 and after that started production of the unlicensed Kuaili 1888 Kiangnan copy.[13][14]
Kingdom of Romania: Before Second Balkan War Romania bought circa 60.000 Mannlicher M.90 and M.95.[24] During World War I a number of M.88-90 and M.90 Mannlichers were captured from Bulgarian and Austria-Hungarian forces. Others were provided as reparations after the war. They were still in use during World War II[25]
Kingdom of Siam : According to Steyr sales records, 15,000 M1888 rifles were furnished to Siam, most in the 1890s. Some may have been used items, sold from Austrian military stocks.[27][28]
United Kingdom : Captured in Ethiopia, used by African or Indian troops in Garrison/Guard duties in Abyssinia in the 1941-42 period, and then ended up (along with all the rest of the captured Equipment) in India, the more modern rifles (M95s and Carcanos) and MGs, going to front line training ( Burma Front) and the rest (like M88) to straight training units and guard duty in the boonies of India.[6][31]
^ http://www.fhhljx.com/thefreelibrary/Russian+rifles+of+the+great+war,+revolution+%26+civil+war--part+I%3A...-a0391733875. Retrieved 18 September 2015. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
^"Broń strzelecka polskiego wojska w wojnie polsko-bolszewickiej". ossow1920.pl.
^ ab. gunsmagazine.com. Archived from the original on 5 October 2015. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
^ abcde"M88/90 Mannlicher find. AOI and British?". forums.gunboards.com.[unreliable source?]
^Nicolle, David (20 July 2012). The Italian Invasion of Abyssinia 1935–36. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN9781782001324 – via Google Books.
^Joseph, Frank (6 May 2010). Mussolini's War: Fascist Italy's Military Struggles from Africa and Western Europe to the Mediterranean and Soviet Union 1935-45. Helion and Company. ISBN9781906033569 – via Google Books.
^ ab"Part I of the greek civil war the first battles of the "cold war": partisan groups in Greece were as eager or more to fight each other as the Germans. Even before the Nazis were gone, civil war was underway. - Free Online Library". www.thefreelibrary.com.
^"6 Rifles Used by the Afrikaners During the Second Boer War". 17 April 2017.
^"Antique 1886 Austrian Chinese Marked". www.aagaines.com.
^"Na Revolução Federalista, em 1893, senadores chegaram a pegar em armas". www12.senado.leg.br.
^Philip S. Jowett (2010). Chinese Warlord Armies, 1911–30. Osprey Publishing. pp. 43–. ISBN978-1-84908-402-4.
^John Walter (25 March 2006). Rifles of the World. Krause Publications. pp. 263–271. ISBN0-89689-241-7. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
^Robert W.D. Ball (2 August 2011). Mauser Military Rifles of the World. Gun Digest Books. p. 127. ISBN978-1-4402-1544-5.
^"Small arms of the Deutscher Volkssturm part I: Nazi leaders, many of whom already had their tickets punched for Argentina, preached last-ditch resistance to the German people, and provided a motley assortment of tools for the purpose. - Free Online Library". www.thefreelibrary.com.
^Philip Jowett (20 March 2012). Armies of the Balkan Wars 1912-13: The priming charge for the Great War. Osprey Publishing. p. 24. ISBN978-1-78096-528-4.
^"PART I: ROMANIAN WORLD WAR II: SMALL ARMS: PUSTI SI PISTOLUL MITRALIERA. - Free Online Library". www.thefreelibrary.com. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
^"Tribute to Michael Kreca: The Rifles of Yugoslavia and Serbia". tributetomichaelkreca.blogspot.cz.
^"Bayonets of Siam (Thailand)". worldbayonets.com.
^Scarlata, Paul (September 2013). "Siamese Thai: Military Rifle cartridges". Shotgun News – via thefreelibrary.com.
^de Quesada, Alejandro (20 January 2015). The Spanish Civil War 1936–39 (2): Republican Forces. Men-at-Arms 498. Osprey Publishing. p. 38. ISBN9781782007852.
^"Small arms of the Spanish Civil War" (PDF). www.forgottenweapons.com.
^""AOI"-marked Mannlicher M1888 and the Meaning of "St. 91"". forums.gunboards.com.[unreliable source?]
. militaryrifles.com. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
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mannlicher, m1888, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, january,. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Mannlicher M1888 news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message Within military 8 mm firearms the Repeating Rifle Mannlicher 1888 better known as the Mannlicher M1888 was a bolt action rifle used by several armies from 1888 to 1945 Derived from the M1885 and later M1886 models it was Ferdinand Mannlicher s third rifle that utilized the en bloc clip Repeating Rifle Muster 1888Mannlicher M1888 rifle from the collections of the Swedish Army Museum TypeBolt action riflePlace of originAustria HungaryService historyIn service1888 PresentUsed bySee UsersWarsChilean Civil War 1 First Sino Japanese WarPhilippine Revolution 2 International intervention on the island of CreteBoxer RebellionSecond Boer WarXinhai RevolutionFirst Balkan WarSecond Balkan WarWorld War IRussian Civil War 3 Austro Slovene conflict in CarinthiaRevolutions and interventions in HungaryHungarian Czechoslovak WarPolish Ukrainian WarRetaking of Czech Borderland 1918 1919 Polish Czechoslovak WarPolish Soviet War 4 Greco Turkish War 5 Pacification of Libya 6 Second Italo Ethiopian War 7 8 Spanish Civil War 9 Sudeten German uprising 1938World War II limited Greek Civil War 10 1948 Palestine war 11 Production historyDesignerFerdinand von MannlicherDesigned1887 1888ManufacturerSteyr Mannlicher Fegyver Es GepgyarProduced1888 1896No built1 095 000VariantsM1888 90 M1888 95 M1888 24 12 Specifications M88 Mass4 41 kg 9 7 lb Length1 280 mm 50 in Barrel length765 mm 30 1 in CartridgeM88 8 52mmRM88 90 and M88 95 8 50mmRM88 24 8 57mm ISActionStraight pull bolt actionMuzzle velocity530 metres per second 1 700 ft s with M1888 ball cartridgeFeed system5 round en bloc clip stripper clip in M88 24 integral box magazineSightsIron sightsIt was succeeded by the Mannlicher M1895 as the standard service rifle of the Austro Hungarian Army The M95 uses a more secure rotating bolt in contrast to the M88 s wedge lock bolt Contents 1 History 1 1 M1888 90 rifle 1 2 M1890 rifle 1 3 Kuaili 1888 Kiangnan Rifle 7 62x55 2 Users 3 ReferencesHistory Edit Mannlicher M1888 mechanism The M1888 was a direct and immediate descendant of the M1886 Austrian Mannlicher This rifle too was a straight pull bolt action box magazine repeater As early as the beginning of production of the M1886 the need and desirability for a small bore rifle was evident This rifle is virtually identical to its predecessor but for chambering a newly designed 8 mm cartridge loaded originally with black powder and denominated 8 52mmR A Slovene soldier of the Austro Hungarian Common Army posing with his M1888 service rifle and fixed bayonet M1888 90 rifle Edit Shortly thereafter the M88 cartridge was converted to semi smokeless powder The new cartridge was designated 8mm M 1890 scharfe Patrone and its dimensions were 8 50mmR The sights of existing black powder 8mm Mannlicher rifles were converted to accommodate semi smokeless ammunition by the functional arrangement of screw mounting re graduated sideplates onto the outsides of the existing rear sight walls The converted rifles were denominated M 88 90 M1890 rifle Edit Not to be confused with Mannlicher M1890 Carbine When in 1890 semi smokeless powder became available manufacture of rifles with a longer and thus stronger chamber and modified sights began Although the smokeless powder filled M 93 8 50mmR cartridge can be used in this rifle the generated pressure at 40 000 psi 275 8 MPa is marginal as the wedge lock bolt system this rifle uses was originally designed to be shot with less potent black powder filled with 11 58mmR ammunition Kuaili 1888 Kiangnan Rifle 7 62x55 Edit China also used this rifle extensively during the Qing dynasty and the Republican era China first bought Mannlicher 88 rifles before the First Sino Japanese War in 1894 1895 and after that started production of the unlicensed Kuaili 1888 Kiangnan copy 13 14 Users Edit Austria Hungary First Austrian Republic Boers 15 Kingdom of Bulgaria China 16 Brazil Both sides during the Federalist Revolution 17 better source needed Republic of China 1912 28 18 Chile 19 Czechoslovakia Sudeten German Party Ecuador 20 Ethiopian Empire 6 Nazi Germany Used by Volkssturm 21 Kingdom of Greece Captured from Bulgaria during the Second Balkan War and at the end of World War I 5 10 Haganah citation needed Kingdom of Hungary India 6 22 Kingdom of Italy 6 1 23 Persia Philippines 2 Second Polish Republic Kingdom of Romania Before Second Balkan War Romania bought circa 60 000 Mannlicher M 90 and M 95 24 During World War I a number of M 88 90 and M 90 Mannlichers were captured from Bulgarian and Austria Hungarian forces Others were provided as reparations after the war They were still in use during World War II 25 Russian Empire Soviet Russia Kingdom of Serbia 26 Kingdom of Siam According to Steyr sales records 15 000 M1888 rifles were furnished to Siam most in the 1890s Some may have been used items sold from Austrian military stocks 27 28 Spain Second Spanish Republic 29 30 United Kingdom Captured in Ethiopia used by African or Indian troops in Garrison Guard duties in Abyssinia in the 1941 42 period and then ended up along with all the rest of the captured Equipment in India the more modern rifles M95s and Carcanos and MGs going to front line training Burma Front and the rest like M88 to straight training units and guard duty in the boonies of India 6 31 Kingdom of YugoslaviaReferences Edit a b Fucile Mannlicher 1888 Euroarms net Retrieved 24 July 2018 a b citation http www fhhljx com thefreelibrary Russian rifles of the great war revolution 26 civil war part I 3A a0391733875 Retrieved 18 September 2015 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Missing or empty title help Bron strzelecka polskiego wojska w wojnie polsko bolszewickiej ossow1920 pl a b Weapons Of The Greco Turkish War Part 1Guns Magazine com Guns Magazine com gunsmagazine com Archived from the original on 5 October 2015 Retrieved 18 September 2015 a b c d e M88 90 Mannlicher find AOI and British forums gunboards com unreliable source Nicolle David 20 July 2012 The Italian Invasion of Abyssinia 1935 36 Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN 9781782001324 via Google Books Joseph Frank 6 May 2010 Mussolini s War Fascist Italy s Military Struggles from Africa and Western Europe to the Mediterranean and Soviet Union 1935 45 Helion and Company ISBN 9781906033569 via Google Books Spanishcivilwar1 a b Part I of the greek civil war the first battles of the cold war partisan groups in Greece were as eager or more to fight each other as the Germans Even before the Nazis were gone civil war was underway Free Online Library www thefreelibrary com 1 Archived 17 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine Vhod gunbg com A Guide to Mannlicher s Straigh Pull Rifles C amp Rsenal Archived from the original on 27 March 2015 Retrieved 31 May 2017 Info PDF www mh sinica edu tw 6 Rifles Used by the Afrikaners During the Second Boer War 17 April 2017 Antique 1886 Austrian Chinese Marked www aagaines com Na Revolucao Federalista em 1893 senadores chegaram a pegar em armas www12 senado leg br Philip S Jowett 2010 Chinese Warlord Armies 1911 30 Osprey Publishing pp 43 ISBN 978 1 84908 402 4 John Walter 25 March 2006 Rifles of the World Krause Publications pp 263 271 ISBN 0 89689 241 7 Retrieved 8 September 2014 Robert W D Ball 2 August 2011 Mauser Military Rifles of the World Gun Digest Books p 127 ISBN 978 1 4402 1544 5 Small arms of the Deutscher Volkssturm part I Nazi leaders many of whom already had their tickets punched for Argentina preached last ditch resistance to the German people and provided a motley assortment of tools for the purpose Free Online Library www thefreelibrary com Mannlicher 88 90 stock markings unreliable source Italian Mannlicher M95 Rifle and Carbine Philip Jowett 20 March 2012 Armies of the Balkan Wars 1912 13 The priming charge for the Great War Osprey Publishing p 24 ISBN 978 1 78096 528 4 PART I ROMANIAN WORLD WAR II SMALL ARMS PUSTI SI PISTOLUL MITRALIERA Free Online Library www thefreelibrary com Retrieved 20 December 2022 Tribute to Michael Kreca The Rifles of Yugoslavia and Serbia tributetomichaelkreca blogspot cz Bayonets of Siam Thailand worldbayonets com Scarlata Paul September 2013 Siamese Thai Military Rifle cartridges Shotgun News via thefreelibrary com de Quesada Alejandro 20 January 2015 The Spanish Civil War 1936 39 2 Republican Forces Men at Arms 498 Osprey Publishing p 38 ISBN 9781782007852 Small arms of the Spanish Civil War PDF www forgottenweapons com AOI marked Mannlicher M1888 and the Meaning of St 91 forums gunboards com unreliable source 8 x 50 R Mannlicher www militaryrifles com Austria 88Mann htm militaryrifles com Archived from the original on 14 June 2012 Retrieved 22 November 2013 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mannlicher M1888 Austro Hungarian Army in WWI Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mannlicher M1888 amp oldid 1128508983, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
