Cozzi porcelain is porcelain made by the Cozzi factory in Venice, which operated between 1764 and 1812. Production included sculptural figurines, mostly left in plain glazed white, and tableware, mostly painted with floral designs or with figures in landscapes and buildings, in "bright but rough" colours. They were rather derivative, drawing from Meissen porcelain in particular in the early years.[1]
The Cozzi factory was the last but most successful of the three factories which made Venetian porcelain actually in the city of Venice in the 18th century. Initially the Cozzi factory made soft-paste porcelain, but by the 1770s they were making hard-paste porcelain, with kaolin from near Vicenza, giving a "thin hard grey paste with a shiny wet-looking surface".[2] Their body is sometimes classified as "hybrid hard-paste porcelain" as although it contains kaolin it was apparently fired at lower temperatures than other hard-pastes.[3]
The factory was started by Geminiano Cozzi, a banker from Modena,[4] who had been involved with Nathaniel Friedrich Hewelcke, a German porcelain retailer from Dresden (near Meissen), who had moved to Venice. Hewelcke began producing porcelain there in 1758,[5] with Cozzi as a partner in the venture.[6] But by 1763 the factory had closed, with surviving pieces vanishingly rare.[7] The Hewelcke factory made the first porcelain produced in the city since Vezzi porcelain ceased production in 1727. In the meantime, in 1735 Doccia porcelain, near Florence, began production; it became the most important Italian porcelain factory, and continues in the 21st century.[8]
The story of Venetian porcelain is completed with Le Nove porcelain, made (not continuously) between 1762 and 1773, when the founder, Pasquale Antonibon died. The factory, in the pottery centre now called Nove, near Bassano, was already making fine maiolica in fashionable styles, and continued to do so. Porcelain production began again after 1781, when F. Parolin leased the factory for twenty years. The production was similar to that of the Cozzi factory.[9]
History
The Cozzi factory was in the parish of San Giobbe, in the sestiere of Cannaregio. In 1767 it employed 45 people, plus 6 apprentices, had four kilns, and a mill at Treviso for mixing the ingredients. Unlike Vezzi, Cozzi obtained some support from the government of the Republic of Venice, in terms of both legislation and finance.[10] In 1765 he was granted 200 ducats towards the cost of building a water mill to process his materials, and 30 ducats a month for 20 years, as well as legal protection.[11] A pair of fairly large (30 cm (12 in) tall) vases from the factory in the Getty Museum are of a different type from others known, and seem to be an experiment in a new style and body material, perhaps used as gifts to the Republic of Venice in thanks for its support. They are painted in underglaze blue with a scene of Neptune, and an Allegory of Venice.[12][13]
The 1760s were profitable years for the factory, but a serious fire at the factory in 1771 was a major set-back, requiring the first of a number of re-financings over the next two decades. Both the Cozzi and Le Nove factories used kaolin from the only known Italian source, Mount Tretto in the Dolomites, now in Schio, controlled by a Bortolo Facci. He exploited this position by charging such a high price that Cozzi porcelain was more expensive in Venice than imported pieces. The price rose from 46 lire per carro (load) in 1765 to 100 lire per carro from 1770, then 110 from 1780. By the 1790s the Tretto deposits seemed to be running out.[14]
Both Cozzi and Le Nove lobbied the government hard to ameliorate this situation by monopolies and import duties, against each other and foreign manufacturers, but smuggling of foreign porcelain into Venice reduced the effectiveness of these. It was not surprising that both factories began to make maiolica and then creamware, refined earthenware of the sort pioneered by the Staffordshire factories. By 1784 Cozzi had a stock of 118,000 pieces of porcelain, mostly old and out of fashion.[15]
Legacy
In 2016, the Museo del Settecento veneziano ("Museum of the Venetian Eighteenth Century") at Ca' Rezzonico on the Grand Canal held an exhibition of Cozzi porcelain, showing over 600 pieces from many collections, with a published catalogue.[16]
After an interval of some 250 years, the Cozzi name was revived by a new manufacturer trading as "Geminiano Cozzi Venezia 1765", and making bone china.[17]
^Hess, Catherine (1990). ""Primo Esperimento in Grande": A Pair of Vases from the Factory of Geminiano Cozzi". The J. Paul Getty Museum Journal. 18: 141–156. JSTOR 4166605.
Chaffers, William, Marks and Monograms on Pottery and Porcelain, 1874 edition, online
Favaro, Giovanni, "Old and New Ceramics", in Lanaro, Paola (ed), At the Centre of the Old World: Trade and Manufacturing in Venice and on the Venetian Mainland (1400–1800), 2006, Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, Victoria University (Toronto, Ont.), ISBN0772720312, 9780772720313, google books
Hess, Catherine (2003), Italian Ceramics: Catalogue of the J. Paul Getty Museum Collections, 2003, Getty Publications, ISBN0892366702, 9780892366705, google books
Le Corbeiller, Clare, Eighteenth-century Italian Porcelain, 1985, Metropolitan Museum of Art, ISBN0870994212, 9780870994210, fully online
Savage, George, and Newman, Harold, An Illustrated Dictionary of Ceramics, 1985, Thames & Hudson, ISBN0500273804
Further reading
Ansaldi, Marcella and Alberto Craievich, Geminiano Cozzi e le sue porcellane (exh. cat.), Venice: Antiga Edizioni
January 05, 2023
cozzi, porcelain, porcelain, made, cozzi, factory, venice, which, operated, between, 1764, 1812, production, included, sculptural, figurines, mostly, left, plain, glazed, white, tableware, mostly, painted, with, floral, designs, with, figures, landscapes, buil. Cozzi porcelain is porcelain made by the Cozzi factory in Venice which operated between 1764 and 1812 Production included sculptural figurines mostly left in plain glazed white and tableware mostly painted with floral designs or with figures in landscapes and buildings in bright but rough colours They were rather derivative drawing from Meissen porcelain in particular in the early years 1 A Cozzi porcelain cup and saucer Metropolitan Museum of Art The Cozzi factory was the last but most successful of the three factories which made Venetian porcelain actually in the city of Venice in the 18th century Initially the Cozzi factory made soft paste porcelain but by the 1770s they were making hard paste porcelain with kaolin from near Vicenza giving a thin hard grey paste with a shiny wet looking surface 2 Their body is sometimes classified as hybrid hard paste porcelain as although it contains kaolin it was apparently fired at lower temperatures than other hard pastes 3 Serving plate c 1769 1790 Contents 1 Venetian porcelain 2 History 3 Legacy 4 Notes 5 References 6 Further readingVenetian porcelain Edit Ecuelle covered bowl 1770s The factory was started by Geminiano Cozzi a banker from Modena 4 who had been involved with Nathaniel Friedrich Hewelcke a German porcelain retailer from Dresden near Meissen who had moved to Venice Hewelcke began producing porcelain there in 1758 5 with Cozzi as a partner in the venture 6 But by 1763 the factory had closed with surviving pieces vanishingly rare 7 The Hewelcke factory made the first porcelain produced in the city since Vezzi porcelain ceased production in 1727 In the meantime in 1735 Doccia porcelain near Florence began production it became the most important Italian porcelain factory and continues in the 21st century 8 The story of Venetian porcelain is completed with Le Nove porcelain made not continuously between 1762 and 1773 when the founder Pasquale Antonibon died The factory in the pottery centre now called Nove near Bassano was already making fine maiolica in fashionable styles and continued to do so Porcelain production began again after 1781 when F Parolin leased the factory for twenty years The production was similar to that of the Cozzi factory 9 History EditThe Cozzi factory was in the parish of San Giobbe in the sestiere of Cannaregio In 1767 it employed 45 people plus 6 apprentices had four kilns and a mill at Treviso for mixing the ingredients Unlike Vezzi Cozzi obtained some support from the government of the Republic of Venice in terms of both legislation and finance 10 In 1765 he was granted 200 ducats towards the cost of building a water mill to process his materials and 30 ducats a month for 20 years as well as legal protection 11 A pair of fairly large 30 cm 12 in tall vases from the factory in the Getty Museum are of a different type from others known and seem to be an experiment in a new style and body material perhaps used as gifts to the Republic of Venice in thanks for its support They are painted in underglaze blue with a scene of Neptune and an Allegory of Venice 12 13 The 1760s were profitable years for the factory but a serious fire at the factory in 1771 was a major set back requiring the first of a number of re financings over the next two decades Both the Cozzi and Le Nove factories used kaolin from the only known Italian source Mount Tretto in the Dolomites now in Schio controlled by a Bortolo Facci He exploited this position by charging such a high price that Cozzi porcelain was more expensive in Venice than imported pieces The price rose from 46 lire per carro load in 1765 to 100 lire per carro from 1770 then 110 from 1780 By the 1790s the Tretto deposits seemed to be running out 14 Both Cozzi and Le Nove lobbied the government hard to ameliorate this situation by monopolies and import duties against each other and foreign manufacturers but smuggling of foreign porcelain into Venice reduced the effectiveness of these It was not surprising that both factories began to make maiolica and then creamware refined earthenware of the sort pioneered by the Staffordshire factories By 1784 Cozzi had a stock of 118 000 pieces of porcelain mostly old and out of fashion 15 Legacy EditIn 2016 the Museo del Settecento veneziano Museum of the Venetian Eighteenth Century at Ca Rezzonico on the Grand Canal held an exhibition of Cozzi porcelain showing over 600 pieces from many collections with a published catalogue 16 After an interval of some 250 years the Cozzi name was revived by a new manufacturer trading as Geminiano Cozzi Venezia 1765 and making bone china 17 Serving dish Cup and saucer Dwarf after 1785 Figure of a dwarf after Jacques Callot Sculptural centrepieceNotes Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cozzi porcelain Savage and Newman 87 Le Corbeiller 8 10 Battie 103 quoted Hess 230 237 note 7 however most museums do not bother with this distinction Hess 2003 232 Le Corbeiller 8 Hess 2003 13 Le Corbeiller 8 Savage and Newman 103 Le Corbeiller 8 Battie 103 Hess 2003 232 236 Chaffers 425 Hess Catherine 1990 Primo Esperimento in Grande A Pair of Vases from the Factory of Geminiano Cozzi The J Paul Getty Museum Journal 18 141 156 JSTOR 4166605 Hess 2003 230 236 Favaro 294 302 Favaro 294 302 Museum webpage Geminiano Cozzi Venezia 1765 company website References EditBattie David ed Sotheby s Concise Encyclopedia of Porcelain 1990 Conran Octopus ISBN 1850292515 Chaffers William Marks and Monograms on Pottery and Porcelain 1874 edition online Favaro Giovanni Old and New Ceramics in Lanaro Paola ed At the Centre of the Old World Trade and Manufacturing in Venice and on the Venetian Mainland 1400 1800 2006 Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies Victoria University Toronto Ont ISBN 0772720312 9780772720313 google books Hess Catherine 2003 Italian Ceramics Catalogue of the J Paul Getty Museum Collections 2003 Getty Publications ISBN 0892366702 9780892366705 google books Le Corbeiller Clare Eighteenth century Italian Porcelain 1985 Metropolitan Museum of Art ISBN 0870994212 9780870994210 fully online Savage George and Newman Harold An Illustrated Dictionary of Ceramics 1985 Thames amp Hudson ISBN 0500273804Further reading EditAnsaldi Marcella and Alberto Craievich Geminiano Cozzi e le sue porcellane exh cat Venice Antiga Edizioni Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cozzi porcelain amp oldid 967750861, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
