The Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act (ATPDEA) is a trade preference system by which the United States grants duty-free access to a wide range of exports from four Andean countries: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. It was enacted on October 31, 2002 as a replacement for the similar Andean Trade Preference Act (ATPA). The purpose of this preference system is to foster economic development in the Andean countries to provide alternatives to coca production. Bolivia has installed capacity to industrialize coca production and its derivatives, since coca has no narcotic effects, but the United States does not make any difference between coca and cocaine. Thus, the U.S. government eliminated this "preference".
On December 4, 1991, under the George H. W. Bush administration, the United States enacted the Andean Trade Preference Act (ATPA), eliminating tariffs on a number of products from Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.[1] Its objective was the strengthening of legal industries in these countries as alternatives to drug production and trafficking.[2] The program was renewed on October 31, 2002 by the George W. Bush administration as the Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act (ATPDEA).[3] Under the renewed act, Andean products exempted from tariffs increased from around 5,600 to some 6,300.[4] ATPDEA was set to expire on December 31, 2006, but was renewed by Congress for six months, up to June 30, 2007.[5] An extension was granted on June 28, 2007, this time for eight months, until February 29, 2008.[6] The U.S. Congress passed a third renewal for ten months on February 28, 2008, up to December 31, 2008.[7] In November 2008, U.S. President George W. Bush asked Congress to remove Bolivia from the agreement due to failure to cooperate in counternarcotics efforts.[8][9][10] On December 14, 2009, the United States House of Representatives approved the extension of such plan for a period of one year. The final version of the agreement, covering Ecuadorian products only, lapsed on July 31, 2013 after Ecuador became ineligible.[11]
Impact
The Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act has fostered a rapid growth in trade between the United States and the four Andean nations; U.S. exports to the region rose from $6.46 billion in 2002 to $11.64 billion in 2006, while imports grew from $9.61 billion to $22.51 billion in the same period.[12] As of 2006 main Andean exports to the United States under ATPDEA were oil, apparel, copper cathodes, cut flowers, gold jewelry, asparagus, and sugar.[13] Of the 2006 total of U.S. imports under ATPDEA, Ecuador accounted for 39%, Colombia for 36%, Peru for 24%, and Bolivia for 1%.[14] According to a September 2006 report by the United States International Trade Commission, ATPDEA has had a negative effect on the U.S. economy and consumers as well as a small positive effect on drug-crop reduction and export-related job creation in the Andean region.[15] A 2006 report by the United States Department of Labor stated that ATPDEA does not appear to have had a negative impact on U.S. employment with the possible exception of some sectors of the cut flower industry.[16] Though in 2011, the United States Government began a program to compensate asparagus farmers for lost revenues called the "Asparagus Revenue Market Loss Program."[17] Much of that industry loss was a direct result of cheap imported asparagus from the Andes region.[18]
^. Archived from the original on 2012-05-30. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
^USTR, (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 20, 2008. (310 KiB), p. 7. Retrieved on March 4, 2008.
^USTR, (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 20, 2008. (310 KiB), p. 8. Retrieved on March 4, 2008.
^USTR, (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 20, 2008. (310 KiB), p. 9. Retrieved on March 4, 2008.
^USTR, (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 20, 2008. (310 KiB), p. 5. Retrieved on March 4, 2008.
^USTR, (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 20, 2008. (310 KiB), p. 5–6. Retrieved on March 4, 2008.
^. www.fsa.usda.gov. Archived from the original on 2011-03-05.
^Egan, Timothy (25 April 2004). "War on Peruvian Drugs Takes a Victim: U.S. Asparagus". The New York Times.
Bibliography
Office of the United States Trade Representative. . September 25, 2002.
Office of the United States Trade Representative. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-06-05. (181 KiB), January 31, 2001.
Office of the United States Trade Representative. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-20. (310 KiB). April 30, 2007.
Reuters. Congress extends Andean trade benefits 10 months. February 28, 2008.
Reuters. US Senate OKs 8-month Andean trade pact extension. June 28, 2007.
The White House. Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act. October 31, 2002.
External links
(in Spanish)
(in Spanish)
January 05, 2023
andean, trade, promotion, drug, eradication, atpdea, trade, preference, system, which, united, states, grants, duty, free, access, wide, range, exports, from, four, andean, countries, bolivia, colombia, ecuador, peru, enacted, october, 2002, replacement, simil. The Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act ATPDEA is a trade preference system by which the United States grants duty free access to a wide range of exports from four Andean countries Bolivia Colombia Ecuador and Peru It was enacted on October 31 2002 as a replacement for the similar Andean Trade Preference Act ATPA The purpose of this preference system is to foster economic development in the Andean countries to provide alternatives to coca production Bolivia has installed capacity to industrialize coca production and its derivatives since coca has no narcotic effects but the United States does not make any difference between coca and cocaine Thus the U S government eliminated this preference Map of the countries that make up ATPDEA Contents 1 History 2 Impact 3 See also 4 Notes 5 Bibliography 6 External linksHistory EditOn December 4 1991 under the George H W Bush administration the United States enacted the Andean Trade Preference Act ATPA eliminating tariffs on a number of products from Bolivia Colombia Ecuador and Peru 1 Its objective was the strengthening of legal industries in these countries as alternatives to drug production and trafficking 2 The program was renewed on October 31 2002 by the George W Bush administration as the Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act ATPDEA 3 Under the renewed act Andean products exempted from tariffs increased from around 5 600 to some 6 300 4 ATPDEA was set to expire on December 31 2006 but was renewed by Congress for six months up to June 30 2007 5 An extension was granted on June 28 2007 this time for eight months until February 29 2008 6 The U S Congress passed a third renewal for ten months on February 28 2008 up to December 31 2008 7 In November 2008 U S President George W Bush asked Congress to remove Bolivia from the agreement due to failure to cooperate in counternarcotics efforts 8 9 10 On December 14 2009 the United States House of Representatives approved the extension of such plan for a period of one year The final version of the agreement covering Ecuadorian products only lapsed on July 31 2013 after Ecuador became ineligible 11 Impact EditThe Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act has fostered a rapid growth in trade between the United States and the four Andean nations U S exports to the region rose from 6 46 billion in 2002 to 11 64 billion in 2006 while imports grew from 9 61 billion to 22 51 billion in the same period 12 As of 2006 main Andean exports to the United States under ATPDEA were oil apparel copper cathodes cut flowers gold jewelry asparagus and sugar 13 Of the 2006 total of U S imports under ATPDEA Ecuador accounted for 39 Colombia for 36 Peru for 24 and Bolivia for 1 14 According to a September 2006 report by the United States International Trade Commission ATPDEA has had a negative effect on the U S economy and consumers as well as a small positive effect on drug crop reduction and export related job creation in the Andean region 15 A 2006 report by the United States Department of Labor stated that ATPDEA does not appear to have had a negative impact on U S employment with the possible exception of some sectors of the cut flower industry 16 Though in 2011 the United States Government began a program to compensate asparagus farmers for lost revenues called the Asparagus Revenue Market Loss Program 17 Much of that industry loss was a direct result of cheap imported asparagus from the Andes region 18 See also EditColombia Trade Promotion Agreement United States Peru Trade Promotion AgreementNotes Edit USTR Third Report to the Congress on the Operation of the Andean Trade Preference Act PDF Archived from the original PDF on June 5 2008 181 KiB p 7 Retrieved on March 4 2008 USTR Third Report to the Congress on the Operation of the Andean Trade Preference Act PDF Archived from the original PDF on June 5 2008 181 KiB p 1 Retrieved on March 4 2008 The White House Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act Retrieved on March 4 2008 USTR New Andean Trade Benefits Archived January 17 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on March 4 2008 USTR Third Report to the Congress on the Operation of the Andean Trade Preference Act as Amended PDF Archived from the original PDF on September 20 2008 310 KiB p 1 Retrieved on March 4 2008 Reuters US Senate OKs 8 month Andean trade pact extension Retrieved on March 4 2008 Reuters Congress extends Andean trade benefits 10 months Retrieved on March 4 2008 Bush George 2008 09 25 Memorandum for the United States Trade Representative White House Retrieved 2008 09 28 Bush seeks to suspend Bolivia trade benefits AFP 2008 09 26 Archived from the original on 2011 05 20 Retrieved 2008 09 28 U S Trade Representative Schwab Announces Proposed Suspension of Bolivia s Tariff Benefits PDF United States Trade Representative 2008 09 26 Archived from the original PDF on January 5 2009 Retrieved 2008 09 28 ATPDEA Archived from the original on 2012 05 30 Retrieved 2012 06 08 USTR Third Report to the Congress on the Operation of the Andean Trade Preference Act as Amended PDF Archived from the original PDF on September 20 2008 310 KiB p 7 Retrieved on March 4 2008 USTR Third Report to the Congress on the Operation of the Andean Trade Preference Act as Amended PDF Archived from the original PDF on September 20 2008 310 KiB p 8 Retrieved on March 4 2008 USTR Third Report to the Congress on the Operation of the Andean Trade Preference Act as Amended PDF Archived from the original PDF on September 20 2008 310 KiB p 9 Retrieved on March 4 2008 USTR Third Report to the Congress on the Operation of the Andean Trade Preference Act as Amended PDF Archived from the original PDF on September 20 2008 310 KiB p 5 Retrieved on March 4 2008 USTR Third Report to the Congress on the Operation of the Andean Trade Preference Act as Amended PDF Archived from the original PDF on September 20 2008 310 KiB p 5 6 Retrieved on March 4 2008 Asparagus Revenue Market Loss Assistance Payment www fsa usda gov Archived from the original on 2011 03 05 Egan Timothy 25 April 2004 War on Peruvian Drugs Takes a Victim U S Asparagus The New York Times Bibliography EditOffice of the United States Trade Representative New Andean Trade Benefits September 25 2002 Office of the United States Trade Representative Third Report to the Congress on the Operation of the Andean Trade Preference Act PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2008 06 05 181 KiB January 31 2001 Office of the United States Trade Representative Third Report to the Congress on the Operation of the Andean Trade Preference Act as Amended PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2008 09 20 310 KiB April 30 2007 Reuters Congress extends Andean trade benefits 10 months February 28 2008 Reuters US Senate OKs 8 month Andean trade pact extension June 28 2007 The White House Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act October 31 2002 External links Edit in Spanish Colombian Ministry of Trade site on the ATPDEA in Spanish Peruvian Ministry of Trade site on the ATPDEA United States Trade Representative site on the ATPDEA Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act amp oldid 1105485154, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
