Torma was mostly self-educated. In 1875, she was encouraged by Flóris Rómer, considered by some to be the father of Hungarian archeology, to begin her own excavations of the ancient settlement of Tordos, along the Mureş river. The symbols and scripts on clay objects she found during an excavation in Hunyad County became an archaeological sensation. She also found artifacts of the 6,000- to 7,000-year-old Tordos culture, some of which were covered with Vinča symbols.[2][3] According to Gizella,
Zsófia Torma was the first to discover the Neolithic culture of Tordos, drawing attention to the connection between the signs of Tordos and the Assyrian-Babylonian literacy, the penetration of Sumerian literature through Southeastern Europe. She worked in Tordos for twenty years, more than thirty years before the discovery of the carefully collected, extremely valuable finds and dissertations on them, as the Vinca-Tordos culture was only explored in 1908.[1]
Torma had severe financial problems caused by her self-funded excavations. She also struggled with archeologists in her own country, who "ridiculed and ignored her, as a woman and amateur in the field of archaeology, as well as her groundbreaking ideas and efforts."[3] However, her finds and writings found acceptance among foreign researchers who engaged in long correspondences with her.[1][3]
Her most well-known work, the Ethnographische Analogien, was published in Jena, Germany, in 1894.
Torma had an important role in the founding of the National Museum of Transylvanian History of Kolozsvár (present-day Cluj-Napoca). In her will, she left her collection of 10,387 archeological pieces to the Transylvanian National Museum's Museum of Medals and Antiquities.[1]
On 24 May 1899, just a few months before her death, she became the first female to be named an honorary doctor at the Kolozsvári m. kir. Ferencz József Tudomány, what is today Babeș-Bolyai University.[1]
Torma died in Szászváros (present-day Orăștie), on 14 November 1899.[1]
^ abcdefGizella, Edit Novák (2016). . Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
^"The Dispilio Tablet- Revising the Origins and Development of Writing". Nicholas C. Rossis. 2020-11-10. Retrieved 2022-04-28.
^ abcColtofean, Laura (2014-01-01). "Coltofean, L. 2014. Unveiling Zsófia Torma. The Diary of a Woman, an Archaeologist and a Visionary". Marler, Joan (ed.), Fifty Years of Tărtăria Excavations. Festschrift in Honor of Gheorghe Lazarovici on the occasion of his 73rd Birthday, 2014.
Notesedit
Lozny, Ludomir R., ed. (2011). Comparative Archaeologies A Sociological View of the Science of the Past (1., neue Ausg. ed.). New York, NY: Springer New York. pp. 285, 305. ISBN9781441982254.
"Zsófia Torma". Pagina Municipiului Orăștie (in Romanian). Secui Adrian-Iulian. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
Coltofean, Laura. 2017. Zsófia Torma: A pioneer of prehistoric archaeology in nineteenth-century Transylvania. In: Cs. Szabó, V. Rusu-Bolindeț, G. T. Rustoiu, M. Gligor (eds.): Adalbert Cserni and His Contemporaries. The Pioneers of Alba Iulia and Beyond. Mega Publishing House, Cluj-Napoca, 2017: 327-354.
Coltofean, Laura. 2015. Object Photography in 19th Century Archaeology. The Photographs of Zsófia Torma's Archaeological Collection. Brukenthal. Acta musei X.1: 35-48.
Coltofean, Laura. 2015. Importanța ediției a opta a Congrès international dꞌanthropologie et dꞌarchéologie préhistoriques în dezvoltarea arheologiei preistorice în Transilvania secolului al XIX-lea / The Importance of CIAAP 1876 in the Development of Prehistoric Archaeology in 19th Century Transylvania. In: ArheoVest, Nr. III / No. III: In Memoriam Florin Medeleț (1943-2005), Interdisciplinaritate în Arheologie [Interdisciplinarity in Archaeology], Timişoara, 28 noiembrie 2015 / 28 November 2015, Vol. 2: Metode Interdisciplinare și Istorie [Interdisciplinary Methods and History]: 1035-1055. ISBN978-963-315-264-5
Coltofean, Laura. 2014. Unveiling Zsófia Torma. The Diary of a Woman, an Archaeologist and a Visionary. In: Marler, Joan (ed.), Fifty Years of Tărtăria Excavations. Festschrift in Honor of Gheorghe Lazarovici on the Occasion of His 73rd Birthday. Sebastopol: 258-273.
Coltofean, Laura. 2012. When Passion is Stronger than Death… Zsófia Torma’s Reflections. Brukenthalia. Romanian Cultural History Review 2: 67-77.
January 01, 1970
zsófia, torma, september, 1832, november, 1899, hungarian, archaeologist, anthropologist, paleontologist, newspaper, portrait, tormaborn, 1832, september, 1832csicsókeresztúr, austria, hungarydied14, november, 1899, 1899, aged, szászváros, present, orăştie, hu. Zsofia Torma 26 September 1832 14 November 1899 was a Hungarian archaeologist anthropologist and paleontologist Zsofia TormaNewspaper portrait of TormaBorn 1832 09 26 26 September 1832Csicsokeresztur Austria HungaryDied14 November 1899 1899 11 14 aged 67 Szaszvaros present day Orăstie HungaryNationalityHungarianOccupation s Archaeologist anthropologist and paleontologist Contents 1 Life and work 2 See also 3 References 4 Notes 5 External linksLife and work editTorma was born in Csicsokeresztur Beszterce Naszod County Austria Hungary today Cristeștii Ciceului Bistrița Năsăud County Romania After her parents died she moved with her sister to Szaszvaros now in Romania where she began to study the snail farms she found in Hunedoara County 1 Torma was mostly self educated In 1875 she was encouraged by Floris Romer considered by some to be the father of Hungarian archeology to begin her own excavations of the ancient settlement of Tordos along the Mures river The symbols and scripts on clay objects she found during an excavation in Hunyad County became an archaeological sensation She also found artifacts of the 6 000 to 7 000 year old Tordos culture some of which were covered with Vinca symbols 2 3 According to Gizella Zsofia Torma was the first to discover the Neolithic culture of Tordos drawing attention to the connection between the signs of Tordos and the Assyrian Babylonian literacy the penetration of Sumerian literature through Southeastern Europe She worked in Tordos for twenty years more than thirty years before the discovery of the carefully collected extremely valuable finds and dissertations on them as the Vinca Tordos culture was only explored in 1908 1 Torma had severe financial problems caused by her self funded excavations She also struggled with archeologists in her own country who ridiculed and ignored her as a woman and amateur in the field of archaeology as well as her groundbreaking ideas and efforts 3 However her finds and writings found acceptance among foreign researchers who engaged in long correspondences with her 1 3 Her most well known work the Ethnographische Analogien was published in Jena Germany in 1894 Torma had an important role in the founding of the National Museum of Transylvanian History of Kolozsvar present day Cluj Napoca In her will she left her collection of 10 387 archeological pieces to the Transylvanian National Museum s Museum of Medals and Antiquities 1 On 24 May 1899 just a few months before her death she became the first female to be named an honorary doctor at the Kolozsvari m kir Ferencz Jozsef Tudomany what is today Babeș Bolyai University 1 Torma died in Szaszvaros present day Orăștie on 14 November 1899 1 See also editTimeline of women in scienceReferences edit a b c d e f Gizella Edit Novak 2016 She is the first archaeologist in the world to be of Hungarian descent Archived from the original on 18 April 2016 Retrieved 2022 04 27 The Dispilio Tablet Revising the Origins and Development of Writing Nicholas C Rossis 2020 11 10 Retrieved 2022 04 28 a b c Coltofean Laura 2014 01 01 Coltofean L 2014 Unveiling Zsofia Torma The Diary of a Woman an Archaeologist and a Visionary Marler Joan ed Fifty Years of Tărtăria Excavations Festschrift in Honor of Gheorghe Lazarovici on the occasion of his 73rd Birthday 2014 Notes editLozny Ludomir R ed 2011 Comparative Archaeologies A Sociological View of the Science of the Past 1 neue Ausg ed New York NY Springer New York pp 285 305 ISBN 9781441982254 Zsofia Torma Pagina Municipiului Orăștie in Romanian Secui Adrian Iulian Retrieved 24 May 2014 The life work of Zsofia Torma in the Transylvanian Values Collection in Hungarian External links editColtofean Laura 2017 Zsofia Torma A pioneer of prehistoric archaeology in nineteenth century Transylvania In Cs Szabo V Rusu Bolindeț G T Rustoiu M Gligor eds Adalbert Cserni and His Contemporaries The Pioneers of Alba Iulia and Beyond Mega Publishing House Cluj Napoca 2017 327 354 Coltofean Laura 2015 Object Photography in 19th Century Archaeology The Photographs of Zsofia Torma s Archaeological Collection Brukenthal Acta musei X 1 35 48 Coltofean Laura 2015 Importanța ediției a opta a Congres international dꞌanthropologie et dꞌarcheologie prehistoriques in dezvoltarea arheologiei preistorice in Transilvania secolului al XIX lea The Importance of CIAAP 1876 in the Development of Prehistoric Archaeology in 19th Century Transylvania In ArheoVest Nr III No III In Memoriam Florin Medeleț 1943 2005 Interdisciplinaritate in Arheologie Interdisciplinarity in Archaeology Timisoara 28 noiembrie 2015 28 November 2015 Vol 2 Metode Interdisciplinare și Istorie Interdisciplinary Methods and History 1035 1055 ISBN 978 963 315 264 5 Coltofean Laura 2014 Unveiling Zsofia Torma The Diary of a Woman an Archaeologist and a Visionary In Marler Joan ed Fifty Years of Tărtăria Excavations Festschrift in Honor of Gheorghe Lazarovici on the Occasion of His 73rd Birthday Sebastopol 258 273 Coltofean Laura 2012 When Passion is Stronger than Death Zsofia Torma s Reflections Brukenthalia Romanian Cultural History Review 2 67 77 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Zsofia Torma amp oldid 1213279657, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
