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Zdzisław Łukaszkiewicz

March 14, 2024

Judge Zdzisław Łukaszkiewicz was a member of the Main Commission for the Investigation of Nazi Crimes in Poland (Polish: Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni Hitlerowskich w Polsce) upon the conclusion of World War II. The Commission has been replaced, upon the collapse of the Soviet-imposed communism in Poland, with the government-affiliated Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) serving similar purpose at present.[1][2] Łukaszkiewicz was the author of the first historical research into the Nazi German extermination camps including Majdanek and Treblinka, on the territory of occupied Poland during the genocidal Operation Reinhard of the Holocaust.

Plan of Treblinka drawn in 1945 by surveyor T. Trautsolt; with the rubber stamp of the Main Commission for the Investigation of Nazi Crimes in Poland (or District Court, illegible), and signed by Łukaszkiewicz. Simplified version (with already typed legend) was published in his book titled Obóz straceń w Treblince by PIW, Warsaw, 1946.

Holocaust research edit

Łukaszkiewicz conducted his research at the time when virtually nothing was known about the scale and the exact way in which these atrocities were committed. He published his first findings already in 1946 along with the results of legal and medical inquiries, sworn affidavits of land surveyor T. Trautsolt, Dr H. Wakulicz, the evidence collected by railway workers but most importantly, the testimonies of former prisoners of Treblinka extermination camp who managed to survive the revolt and took part in the Commission's forensic work. Łukaszkiewicz examined the selected graves exhumed at Treblinka I Arbeitslager. His estimate of the total number of the victims of gassing was based on the already proven record of 156 transports with an average of 5,000 prisoners each.[3][4] Many published results of his enquiries are still considered paramount to the understanding of the Final Solution, even though some specifics have also been revised by modern science.[5] Łukaszkiewicz is being quoted by the Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, the Britannica Polish edition, and the Polish Nowa Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN among others. Also, many professional historians including Wolfgang Scheffler and Czesław Rajca used his publications as the source of pertinent data.[4][6]

Challenges edit

Łukaszkiewicz was the first Polish researcher to study the 1943 massacre committed at the Majdanek concentration camp under the codename Operation Erntefest. The more substantial revisions to his early research (published in 1948) have been made only in the 1960s and 1970s, when the first testimonies of the Holocaust perpetrators appeared in German court documents during trials.[7]

 
Majdanek crematoria upon liberation, inside an already dismantled building

Although his research was further revised by Holocaust scholars, Łukaszkiewicz was the first Polish scientist to challenge the evidence for the prosecution submitted in 1946 by the Soviets at the International Military Tribunal (IMT) at Nuremberg.[8] The completely unrealistic estimate of 1.5 million people murdered at the Majdanek concentration camp was based on the theoretical capacity of Majdanek coke-fueled crematoria.[8] This number claimed by the Soviet-led Special Commission was lowered by Łukaszkiewicz by over one million victims based on his own evidence, down to 360,000 which – at that particular time – constituted a challenge requiring a substantial amount of personal integrity.[4][7]

Selected works edit

  • "Obóz zagłady Treblinka" (The Extermination Camp Treblinka) by Zdzisław Łukaszkiewicz, a thirty-page article in: Biuletyn Głównej Komisji Badania Zbrodni Hitlerowskich w Polsce, I, 1946.[9]
  • Obóz straceń w Treblince by Zdzisław Łukaszkiewicz (book), published by Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1946 in Polish, 5 editions, OCLC 79768503
  • Hitlerowskie obozy koncentracyjne (Nazi Concentration Camps) by Zdzisław Łukaszkiewicz (book), published by Polski Instytut Spraw Międzynarodowych, 1955 in Polish, 3 editions OCLC 659792693  ISSN 0519-9034 [10]
  • Regulamin czynności sądów wojewódzkich i powiatowych w sprawach cywilnych i karnych by Z. Łukaszkiewicz with Tadeusz Górski; Janusz Pietrzykowski [u.a.] (book), 1 edition published in 1956 in Polish
  • Chuligaństwo by Z. Łukaszkiewicz with J. Sawicki, G. Auscaler, A. Pawełczyńska, T. Cyprian. Ed. by J. Sawicki (book), 1 edition published in 1956 in Polish
  • Obóz koncentracyjny i zagłady Majdanek by Zdzisław Łukaszkiewicz (book), Biuletyn Głównej Komisji Badania Zbrodni Niemieckich” 1948, vol. 4, in Polish, OCLC 42357118

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Jerzy Halbersztadt (31 Dec 1995). "Main Crimes Commission in Poland". H-Net Humanities and Social Sciences Online. Retrieved 5 October 2013. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. ^ Dariusz Stola (2013). "Poland's Institute of National Remembrance: A Ministry of Memory?" (PDF file, direct download 507 KB). Main Commission for the Investigation of German Crimes in Poland. Academia.edu: 5 in current document (or 50). Retrieved 5 October 2013.
  3. ^ Compiled by Dr S.D. Stein (2 February 2000). . Source: German Crimes in Poland. Volume I. Published by the Central Commission for Investigation of German Crimes in Poland. Warsaw, 1946. HLSS Social Sciences. Archived from the original (Internet Archive) on October 8, 2006. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
  4. ^ a b c Kopówka, Edward; Rytel-Andrianik, Paweł (2011), [Monograph, chapt. 3: Treblinka II Death Camp] (PDF), Dam im imię na wieki [I will give them an everlasting name. Isaiah 56:5] (in Polish), Drohiczyńskie Towarzystwo Naukowe [The Drohiczyn Scientific Society], pp. 65–66, 114, ISBN 978-83-7257-496-1, archived from the original (PDF file, direct download 20.2 MB) on 10 October 2014, retrieved 30 July 2014, with selected testimonies, bibliography, alphabetical indexes, photographs, English language summaries, and forewords by Holocaust scholars.
  5. ^ Paweł P. Reszka, Gazeta Wyborcza Lublin (23 December 2005). "Majdanek Victims Enumerated. Changes in the history textbooks?". Państwowe Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau w Oświęcimiu. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
  6. ^ "Majdanek" (PDF file, direct download). Encyclopedia of the Holocaust. Yad Vashem. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
  7. ^ a b Wojciech Lenarczyk, Dariusz Libionka (2014). "Erntefest 3-4 listopada 1943 – Zapomniany epizod Zaglady" (PDF file, direct download 91.6 KB). Introduction. Majdanek Museum. pp. 15–16. Retrieved 30 July 2014. Zdzisław Łukaszkiewicz, Obóz koncentracyjny i zagłady Majdanek, „Biuletyn Głównej Komisji Badania Zbrodni Niemieckich" 1948.
  8. ^ a b Mr. Counsellor Smirnov (14 November 1945 – 1 October 1946). "Trial of the Major War Criminals" (PDF). Afternoon Session: 19 February 1946. Nuremberg: The International Military Tribunal. 590 of current document. Volume VII Official Text in the English Language Published at Nurembers, Germany, 1947. Resources. Retrieved 5 August 2014. The Polish-Soviet Extraordinary Commission has ascertained that during the 4 years' existence of the extermination camp at Maidanek the Hitlerite hangmen, following the direct order of their criminal government, exterminated by mass shooting and mass killing in gas chambers approximately 1.5 million persons...
  9. ^ "Łukaszkiewicz, Zdzisław". WorldCat Identities. OCLC Online Computer Library Center. 2010. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
  10. ^ "BU Katalog on-line". Łukaszkiewicz, Zdzisław (1955), Hitlerowskie obozy koncentracyjne. Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2014.

References edit

  • Ghetto Fighters' House, (historic photograph), Internet Archive 2007.

March 14, 2024
zdzisław, Łukaszkiewicz, judge, member, main, commission, investigation, nazi, crimes, poland, polish, główna, komisja, badania, zbrodni, hitlerowskich, polsce, upon, conclusion, world, commission, been, replaced, upon, collapse, soviet, imposed, communism, po. Judge Zdzislaw Lukaszkiewicz was a member of the Main Commission for the Investigation of Nazi Crimes in Poland Polish Glowna Komisja Badania Zbrodni Hitlerowskich w Polsce upon the conclusion of World War II The Commission has been replaced upon the collapse of the Soviet imposed communism in Poland with the government affiliated Institute of National Remembrance IPN serving similar purpose at present 1 2 Lukaszkiewicz was the author of the first historical research into the Nazi German extermination camps including Majdanek and Treblinka on the territory of occupied Poland during the genocidal Operation Reinhard of the Holocaust Plan of Treblinka drawn in 1945 by surveyor T Trautsolt with the rubber stamp of the Main Commission for the Investigation of Nazi Crimes in Poland or District Court illegible and signed by Lukaszkiewicz Simplified version with already typed legend was published in his book titled Oboz stracen w Treblince by PIW Warsaw 1946 Contents 1 Holocaust research 1 1 Challenges 2 Selected works 3 See also 4 Notes 5 ReferencesHolocaust research editLukaszkiewicz conducted his research at the time when virtually nothing was known about the scale and the exact way in which these atrocities were committed He published his first findings already in 1946 along with the results of legal and medical inquiries sworn affidavits of land surveyor T Trautsolt Dr H Wakulicz the evidence collected by railway workers but most importantly the testimonies of former prisoners of Treblinka extermination camp who managed to survive the revolt and took part in the Commission s forensic work Lukaszkiewicz examined the selected graves exhumed at Treblinka I Arbeitslager His estimate of the total number of the victims of gassing was based on the already proven record of 156 transports with an average of 5 000 prisoners each 3 4 Many published results of his enquiries are still considered paramount to the understanding of the Final Solution even though some specifics have also been revised by modern science 5 Lukaszkiewicz is being quoted by the Encyclopedia of the Holocaust the Britannica Polish edition and the Polish Nowa Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN among others Also many professional historians including Wolfgang Scheffler and Czeslaw Rajca used his publications as the source of pertinent data 4 6 Challenges edit Lukaszkiewicz was the first Polish researcher to study the 1943 massacre committed at the Majdanek concentration camp under the codename Operation Erntefest The more substantial revisions to his early research published in 1948 have been made only in the 1960s and 1970s when the first testimonies of the Holocaust perpetrators appeared in German court documents during trials 7 nbsp Majdanek crematoria upon liberation inside an already dismantled buildingAlthough his research was further revised by Holocaust scholars Lukaszkiewicz was the first Polish scientist to challenge the evidence for the prosecution submitted in 1946 by the Soviets at the International Military Tribunal IMT at Nuremberg 8 The completely unrealistic estimate of 1 5 million people murdered at the Majdanek concentration camp was based on the theoretical capacity of Majdanek coke fueled crematoria 8 This number claimed by the Soviet led Special Commission was lowered by Lukaszkiewicz by over one million victims based on his own evidence down to 360 000 which at that particular time constituted a challenge requiring a substantial amount of personal integrity 4 7 Selected works edit Oboz zaglady Treblinka The Extermination Camp Treblinka by Zdzislaw Lukaszkiewicz a thirty page article in Biuletyn Glownej Komisji Badania Zbrodni Hitlerowskich w Polsce I 1946 9 Oboz stracen w Treblince by Zdzislaw Lukaszkiewicz book published by Panstwowy Instytut Wydawniczy 1946 in Polish 5 editions OCLC 79768503 Hitlerowskie obozy koncentracyjne Nazi Concentration Camps by Zdzislaw Lukaszkiewicz book published by Polski Instytut Spraw Miedzynarodowych 1955 in Polish 3 editions OCLC 659792693 ISSN 0519 9034 10 Regulamin czynnosci sadow wojewodzkich i powiatowych w sprawach cywilnych i karnych by Z Lukaszkiewicz with Tadeusz Gorski Janusz Pietrzykowski u a book 1 edition published in 1956 in Polish Chuliganstwo by Z Lukaszkiewicz with J Sawicki G Auscaler A Pawelczynska T Cyprian Ed by J Sawicki book 1 edition published in 1956 in Polish Oboz koncentracyjny i zaglady Majdanek by Zdzislaw Lukaszkiewicz book Biuletyn Glownej Komisji Badania Zbrodni Niemieckich 1948 vol 4 in Polish OCLC 42357118See also editMajdanek trialsNotes edit Jerzy Halbersztadt 31 Dec 1995 Main Crimes Commission in Poland H Net Humanities and Social Sciences Online Retrieved 5 October 2013 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Dariusz Stola 2013 Poland s Institute of National Remembrance A Ministry of Memory PDF file direct download 507 KB Main Commission for the Investigation of German Crimes in Poland Academia edu 5 in current document or 50 Retrieved 5 October 2013 Compiled by Dr S D Stein 2 February 2000 The Treblinka Extermination Camp Source German Crimes in Poland Volume I Published by the Central Commission for Investigation of German Crimes in Poland Warsaw 1946 HLSS Social Sciences Archived from the original Internet Archive on October 8 2006 Retrieved 29 July 2014 a b c Kopowka Edward Rytel Andrianik Pawel 2011 Treblinka II Oboz zaglady Monograph chapt 3 Treblinka II Death Camp PDF Dam im imie na wieki I will give them an everlasting name Isaiah 56 5 in Polish Drohiczynskie Towarzystwo Naukowe The Drohiczyn Scientific Society pp 65 66 114 ISBN 978 83 7257 496 1 archived from the original PDF file direct download 20 2 MB on 10 October 2014 retrieved 30 July 2014 with selected testimonies bibliography alphabetical indexes photographs English language summaries and forewords by Holocaust scholars Pawel P Reszka Gazeta Wyborcza Lublin 23 December 2005 Majdanek Victims Enumerated Changes in the history textbooks Panstwowe Muzeum Auschwitz Birkenau w Oswiecimiu Retrieved 29 July 2014 Majdanek PDF file direct download Encyclopedia of the Holocaust Yad Vashem Retrieved 29 July 2014 a b Wojciech Lenarczyk Dariusz Libionka 2014 Erntefest 3 4 listopada 1943 Zapomniany epizod Zaglady PDF file direct download 91 6 KB Introduction Majdanek Museum pp 15 16 Retrieved 30 July 2014 Zdzislaw Lukaszkiewicz Oboz koncentracyjny i zaglady Majdanek Biuletyn Glownej Komisji Badania Zbrodni Niemieckich 1948 a b Mr Counsellor Smirnov 14 November 1945 1 October 1946 Trial of the Major War Criminals PDF Afternoon Session 19 February 1946 Nuremberg The International Military Tribunal 590 of current document Volume VII Official Text in the English Language Published at Nurembers Germany 1947 Resources Retrieved 5 August 2014 The Polish Soviet Extraordinary Commission has ascertained that during the 4 years existence of the extermination camp at Maidanek the Hitlerite hangmen following the direct order of their criminal government exterminated by mass shooting and mass killing in gas chambers approximately 1 5 million persons Lukaszkiewicz Zdzislaw WorldCat Identities OCLC Online Computer Library Center 2010 Retrieved 29 July 2014 BU Katalog on line Lukaszkiewicz Zdzislaw 1955 Hitlerowskie obozy koncentracyjne Uniwersytet im Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu 2014 Retrieved 30 July 2014 References editGhetto Fighters House Death camp forensic investigations 1 Poland historic photograph Internet Archive 2007 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Zdzislaw Lukaszkiewicz amp oldid 1098384901, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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