Z-DNA-binding protein 1, also known as DNA-dependent activator of IFN-regulatory factors (DAI) and DLM-1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZBP1gene.[5][6]
ZBP1 is also an abbreviation for chicken or rat β-actin zipcode-binding protein 1, a homolog of the human insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IMP-1) and murine CRD-BP, the proteins involved in mRNA transport (RNA-binding proteins, RBPs).
Functionedit
DLM1 encodes a Z-DNA binding protein. Z-DNA formation is a dynamic process, largely controlled by the amount of supercoiling.[6] ZBP1 recognizes DNA in the cytoplasm as an antiviral mechanism. Viral life cycles often include steps where DNA is exposed in the cytoplasm. DNA is normally contained in the nucleus of a cell, and therefore cells use proteins like ZBP1 as an indicator of a viral infection. Once ZBP1 is activated, it increases the production of antiviral cytokines such as interferon beta.[7] DLM1 then binds to cytosolic Viral DNA using two Z-DNA-binding domains (Zα and Zβ) at its N-terminus along with a DNA binding domain (D3).[8]
The role of ZBP1 in DNA sensing has been questioned. It has been found to sense Influenza A Virus (IAV) infection and induce cell death. Since DNA is not synthesized in any stage of IAV life cycle, DNA sensing playing a role in this context is unlikely.[9][10] However, recent investigation has found that ZBP1 is capable of sensing Z-form RNAs produced during IAV infection, cumulating in a form of caspase independent, inflammatory cell death called necroptosis.[11]
A follow-up study identified that ZBP1 senses the IAV ribonucleoprotein complex to induce cell death.[10] A more recent study has identified transcription factor IRF1 as the upstream regulator of ZBP1 expression.[12]
Referencesedit
^ abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000124256 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027514 – Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Rothenburg S, Schwartz T, Koch-Nolte F, Haag F (Feb 2002). "Complex regulation of the human gene for the Z-DNA binding protein DLM-1". Nucleic Acids Research. 30 (4): 993–1000. doi:10.1093/nar/30.4.993. PMC100341. PMID 11842111.
^Rathinam VA, Fitzgerald KA (Mar 2011). "Innate immune sensing of DNA viruses". Virology. 411 (2): 153–62. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2011.02.003. PMC3070751. PMID 21334037.
^Ha SC, Kim D, Hwang HY, Rich A, Kim YG, Kim KK (Dec 2008). "The crystal structure of the second Z-DNA binding domain of human DAI (ZBP1) in complex with Z-DNA reveals an unusual binding mode to Z-DNA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (52): 20671–6. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10520671H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0810463106. PMC2634953. PMID 19095800.
^Kuriakose T, Man SM, Subbarao Malireddi RK, Karki R, Kesavardhana S, Place DE, Neale G, Vogel P, Kanneganti TD (August 2016). "ZBP1/DAI is an innate sensor of influenza virus triggering the NLRP3 inflammasome and programmed cell death pathways". Science Immunology. 1 (2): aag2045. doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.aag2045. PMC5131924. PMID 27917412.
^ abKesavardhana S, Kuriakose T, Guy CS, Samir P, Malireddi RK, Mishra A, Kanneganti TD (August 2017). "ZBP1/DAI ubiquitination and sensing of influenza vRNPs activate programmed cell death". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 214 (8): 2217–2229. doi:10.1084/jem.20170550. PMC5551577. PMID 28634194.
^Kuriakose T, Zheng M, Neale G, Kanneganti TD (February 2018). "IRF1 Is a Transcriptional Regulator of ZBP1 Promoting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Cell Death during Influenza Virus Infection". Journal of Immunology. 200 (4): 1489–1495. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1701538. PMC6483084. PMID 29321274.
Further readingedit
Ha SC, Van Quyen D, Hwang HY, Oh DB, Brown BA, Lee SM, Park HJ, Ahn JH, Kim KK, Kim YG (Feb 2006). "Biochemical characterization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic study of the domains of human ZBP1 bound to left-handed Z-DNA". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics. 1764 (2): 320–3. doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2005.12.012. PMID 16448869.
Schwartz T, Behlke J, Lowenhaupt K, Heinemann U, Rich A (Sep 2001). "Structure of the DLM-1-Z-DNA complex reveals a conserved family of Z-DNA-binding proteins". Nature Structural Biology. 8 (9): 761–5. doi:10.1038/nsb0901-761. PMID 11524677. S2CID 22313681.
Schwartz T, Rould MA, Lowenhaupt K, Herbert A, Rich A (Jun 1999). "Crystal structure of the Zalpha domain of the human editing enzyme ADAR1 bound to left-handed Z-DNA". Science. 284 (5421): 1841–5. doi:10.1126/science.284.5421.1841. PMID 10364558.
This article on a gene on human chromosome 20 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
zbp1, binding, protein, also, known, dependent, activator, regulatory, factors, protein, that, humans, encoded, gene, available, structurespdbortholog, search, pdbe, rcsblist, codes2l4m, 2lnb, 3eyi, 4ka4identifiersaliases, c20orf183, dlm1, binding, protein, 1e. Z DNA binding protein 1 also known as DNA dependent activator of IFN regulatory factors DAI and DLM 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZBP1 gene 5 6 ZBP1Available structuresPDBOrtholog search PDBe RCSBList of PDB id codes2L4M 2LNB 3EYI 4KA4IdentifiersAliasesZBP1 C20orf183 DAI DLM 1 DLM1 Z DNA binding protein 1External IDsOMIM 606750 MGI 1927449 HomoloGene 10972 GeneCards ZBP1Gene location Human Chr Chromosome 20 human 1 Band20q13 31Start57 603 846 bp 1 End57 620 576 bp 1 Gene location Mouse Chr Chromosome 2 mouse 2 Band2 2 H3Start173 048 405 bp 2 End173 060 716 bp 2 RNA expression patternBgeeHumanMouse ortholog Top expressed inbloodspleenmonocytelymph nodebone marrow cellsappendixrectumgallbladderthymusduodenumTop expressed inmucous cell of stomachjejunumthymusintestinal villusduodenumbloodsubcutaneous adipose tissuespleensubmandibular glandileumMore reference expression dataBioGPSMore reference expression dataGene ontologyMolecular functionDNA binding double stranded RNA adenosine deaminase activity protein binding left handed Z DNA binding RNA binding identical protein bindingCellular componentcytoplasm cytosol nucleusBiological processpositive regulation of type I interferon production immune system process innate immune response regulation of type I interferon production biological process positive regulation of type I interferon mediated signaling pathwaySources Amigo QuickGOOrthologsSpeciesHumanMouseEntrez8103058203EnsemblENSG00000124256ENSMUSG00000027514UniProtQ9H171Q9QY24RefSeq mRNA NM 001160417NM 001160418NM 001160419NM 030776NM 001323966NM 001139519NM 021394RefSeq protein NP 001153889NP 001153890NP 001153891NP 001310895NP 110403NP 001132991NP 067369Location UCSC Chr 20 57 6 57 62 MbChr 2 173 05 173 06 MbPubMed search 3 4 WikidataView Edit HumanView Edit Mouse ZBP1 is also an abbreviation for chicken or rat b actin zipcode binding protein 1 a homolog of the human insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1 IMP 1 and murine CRD BP the proteins involved in mRNA transport RNA binding proteins RBPs Function editDLM1 encodes a Z DNA binding protein Z DNA formation is a dynamic process largely controlled by the amount of supercoiling 6 ZBP1 recognizes DNA in the cytoplasm as an antiviral mechanism Viral life cycles often include steps where DNA is exposed in the cytoplasm DNA is normally contained in the nucleus of a cell and therefore cells use proteins like ZBP1 as an indicator of a viral infection Once ZBP1 is activated it increases the production of antiviral cytokines such as interferon beta 7 DLM1 then binds to cytosolic Viral DNA using two Z DNA binding domains Za and Zb at its N terminus along with a DNA binding domain D3 8 The role of ZBP1 in DNA sensing has been questioned It has been found to sense Influenza A Virus IAV infection and induce cell death Since DNA is not synthesized in any stage of IAV life cycle DNA sensing playing a role in this context is unlikely 9 10 However recent investigation has found that ZBP1 is capable of sensing Z form RNAs produced during IAV infection cumulating in a form of caspase independent inflammatory cell death called necroptosis 11 A follow up study identified that ZBP1 senses the IAV ribonucleoprotein complex to induce cell death 10 A more recent study has identified transcription factor IRF1 as the upstream regulator of ZBP1 expression 12 References edit a b c GRCh38 Ensembl release 89 ENSG00000124256 Ensembl May 2017 a b c GRCm38 Ensembl release 89 ENSMUSG00000027514 Ensembl May 2017 Human PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Mouse PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Rothenburg S Schwartz T Koch Nolte F Haag F Feb 2002 Complex regulation of the human gene for the Z DNA binding protein DLM 1 Nucleic Acids Research 30 4 993 1000 doi 10 1093 nar 30 4 993 PMC 100341 PMID 11842111 a b Entrez Gene ZBP1 Z DNA binding protein 1 Rathinam VA Fitzgerald KA Mar 2011 Innate immune sensing of DNA viruses Virology 411 2 153 62 doi 10 1016 j virol 2011 02 003 PMC 3070751 PMID 21334037 Ha SC Kim D Hwang HY Rich A Kim YG Kim KK Dec 2008 The crystal structure of the second Z DNA binding domain of human DAI ZBP1 in complex with Z DNA reveals an unusual binding mode to Z DNA Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105 52 20671 6 Bibcode 2008PNAS 10520671H doi 10 1073 pnas 0810463106 PMC 2634953 PMID 19095800 Kuriakose T Man SM Subbarao Malireddi RK Karki R Kesavardhana S Place DE Neale G Vogel P Kanneganti TD August 2016 ZBP1 DAI is an innate sensor of influenza virus triggering the NLRP3 inflammasome and programmed cell death pathways Science Immunology 1 2 aag2045 doi 10 1126 sciimmunol aag2045 PMC 5131924 PMID 27917412 a b Kesavardhana S Kuriakose T Guy CS Samir P Malireddi RK Mishra A Kanneganti TD August 2017 ZBP1 DAI ubiquitination and sensing of influenza vRNPs activate programmed cell death The Journal of Experimental Medicine 214 8 2217 2229 doi 10 1084 jem 20170550 PMC 5551577 PMID 28634194 Zhang T Yin C Boyd DF Quarato G Ingram JP Shubina M et al March 2020 Influenza Virus Z RNAs Induce ZBP1 Mediated Necroptosis Cell 180 6 1115 1129 e13 doi 10 1016 j cell 2020 02 050 PMC 7153753 PMID 32200799 Kuriakose T Zheng M Neale G Kanneganti TD February 2018 IRF1 Is a Transcriptional Regulator of ZBP1 Promoting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Cell Death during Influenza Virus Infection Journal of Immunology 200 4 1489 1495 doi 10 4049 jimmunol 1701538 PMC 6483084 PMID 29321274 Further reading editHa SC Van Quyen D Hwang HY Oh DB Brown BA Lee SM Park HJ Ahn JH Kim KK Kim YG Feb 2006 Biochemical characterization and preliminary X ray crystallographic study of the domains of human ZBP1 bound to left handed Z DNA Biochimica et Biophysica Acta BBA Proteins and Proteomics 1764 2 320 3 doi 10 1016 j bbapap 2005 12 012 PMID 16448869 Schwartz T Behlke J Lowenhaupt K Heinemann U Rich A Sep 2001 Structure of the DLM 1 Z DNA complex reveals a conserved family of Z DNA binding proteins Nature Structural Biology 8 9 761 5 doi 10 1038 nsb0901 761 PMID 11524677 S2CID 22313681 Schwartz T Rould MA Lowenhaupt K Herbert A Rich A Jun 1999 Crystal structure of the Zalpha domain of the human editing enzyme ADAR1 bound to left handed Z DNA Science 284 5421 1841 5 doi 10 1126 science 284 5421 1841 PMID 10364558 nbsp This article on a gene on human chromosome 20 is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title ZBP1 amp oldid 1189775720, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
