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Yuga

January 01, 1970

For other uses, see Yuga (disambiguation).

A yuga, in Hinduism, is generally used to indicate an age of time.[1][2]

In the Rigveda, a yuga refers to generations, a period of time (whether long or short), or a yoke (joining of two things).[3] In the Mahabharata, the words yuga and kalpa (a day of Brahma) are used interchangeably to describe the cycle of creation and destruction.[4]

In post-Vedic texts, the words "yuga" and "age" commonly denote a catur-yuga (pronounced chatur yuga), a cycle of four world ages—for example, in the Surya Siddhanta and Bhagavad Gita (part of the Mahabharata)—unless expressly limited by the name of one of its minor ages: Krita (Satya) Yuga, Treta Yuga, Dvapara Yuga, or Kali Yuga.[1][5][a]

Etymology edit

Yuga (Sanskrit: युग) means "a yoke" (joining of two things), "generations", or "a period of time" such as an age, where its archaic spelling is yug, with other forms of yugam, yugānāṃ, and yuge, derived from yuj (Sanskrit: युज्, lit. 'to join or yoke'), believed derived from *yeug- (Proto-Indo-European: lit. 'to join or unite').[8]

See also edit

Explanatory notes edit

  1. ^ The general word "yuga" is sometimes used instead of the more specific word "catur-yuga". A kalpa is described as lasting 1,000 catur-yuga in Bhagavata Purana 12.4.2 ("catur-yuga")[6] and Bhagavad Gita 8.17 ("yuga").[7]

References edit

  1. ^ a b "Yuga". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
  2. ^ Sundarraj, M. (1997) [1st ed. 1994]. "Ch. 4 Asvins⁠—Time-Keepers". In Mahalingam, N. (ed.). RG Vedic Studies. Coimbatore: Rukmani Offset Press. p. 219. It is quite clear that the smallest unit was the 'nimisah' ['winking of eyes'], and that time in the general sense of past, present and future was indicated by the word 'yuga'.
  3. ^ Kane, P. V. (September 1936). Sukthankar, V. S.; Fyzee, A. A. A.; Bhagwat, N. K. (eds.). "Kalivarjya (actions forbidden in the Kali Age)". Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 12. The Asiatic Society of Bombay: 1–2. The word yuga occurs at least thirty-eight times in the Rigveda, but the meaning is rather doubtful. In a few places yuga means yoke ... In many places it appears to refer to a very brief period ... Generally yuga appears to mean in the Rigveda 'generation' (lessening the life of human generations) ... In other places 'yuga' must be given the sense of a 'long period of time' ...
  4. ^ González-Reimann, Luis (2018). "Cosmic Cycles, Cosmology, and Cosmography". In Basu, Helene; Jacobsen, Knut A.; Malinar, Angelika; Narayanan, Vasudha (eds.). Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Vol. 2. Leiden: Brill Publishers. p. 415. doi:10.1163/2212-5019_BEH_COM_1020020. ISBN 978-90-04-17641-6. ISSN 2212-5019. The cycle [of creation and destruction] is either called a yuga (MBh. 1.1.28; 12.327.89; 13.135.11), a kalpa, meaning a formation or a creation (MBh. 6.31.7 [= BhG. 9.7]; 12.326.70; 12.327.23), or a day of the brahman, or of Brahmā, the creator god (MBh. 12.224.28–31). Sometimes, it is simply referred to as the process of creation and destruction (saṃhāravikṣepa; MBh. 12.271.30, 40, 43, 47–49).
  5. ^ Burgess, Rev. Ebenezer (1935) [1st ed. 1860]. Gangooly, Phanindralal (ed.). Translation of the Surya-Siddhanta, A Text-Book of Hindu Astronomy; With notes and an appendix. University of Calcutta. p. 9. The period of 4,320,000 years is ordinarily styled Great Age (mahayuga), or, as above in two instances [1.15-16], Quadruple Age (caturyuga). In the Surya-Siddhanta, however, the former term is not once found, and the latter occurs only in these verses; elsewhere, Age (yuga) alone is employed to denote it, and always denotes it, unless expressly limited by the name of the Golden (krta) Age.
  6. ^ "Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (Bhāgavata Purāṇa) 12.4.2". Bhaktivedanta Vedabase. Retrieved 2020-05-10.
    catur-yuga-sahasraṁ tu brahmaṇo dinam ucyate ।
    sa kalpo yatra manavaś caturdaśa viśām-pate ॥ 2 ॥
    (2) One thousand cycles of four ages [catur-yuga] constitute a single day of Brahmā, known as a kalpa. In that period, O King, fourteen Manus come and go.
  7. ^ "Bhagavad-gītā As It Is 8.17". Bhaktivedanta Vedabase (in Sanskrit and English). Translated by A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. 1968. LCCN 68008322. Wikidata Q854700. Retrieved 2020-05-10.
    sahasra-yuga-paryantam ahar yad brahmaṇo viduḥ ।
    rātriṁ yuga-sahasrāntāṁ te 'ho-rātra-vido janāḥ ॥ 17 ॥
    (17) By human calculation, a thousand ages [yuga] taken together form the duration of Brahmā's one day. And such also is the duration of his night.
  8. ^ "युग (yuga)". Wiktionary. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
    "yuga". Wiktionary. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
    "Yuga". Wisdom Library. 29 June 2012. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
    "युज् (yuj)". Wiktionary. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
    "*yeug-". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
    "yug". Wiktionary. 6 June 2022. Retrieved 2023-09-01.

External links edit

  • Vedic Time System: Yuga

January 01, 1970
yuga, other, uses, disambiguation, yuga, hinduism, generally, used, indicate, time, rigveda, yuga, refers, generations, period, time, whether, long, short, yoke, joining, things, mahabharata, words, yuga, kalpa, brahma, used, interchangeably, describe, cycle, . For other uses see Yuga disambiguation A yuga in Hinduism is generally used to indicate an age of time 1 2 In the Rigveda a yuga refers to generations a period of time whether long or short or a yoke joining of two things 3 In the Mahabharata the words yuga and kalpa a day of Brahma are used interchangeably to describe the cycle of creation and destruction 4 In post Vedic texts the words yuga and age commonly denote a catur yuga pronounced chatur yuga a cycle of four world ages for example in the Surya Siddhanta and Bhagavad Gita part of the Mahabharata unless expressly limited by the name of one of its minor ages Krita Satya Yuga Treta Yuga Dvapara Yuga or Kali Yuga 1 5 a Contents 1 Etymology 2 See also 3 Explanatory notes 4 References 5 External linksEtymology editYuga Sanskrit य ग means a yoke joining of two things generations or a period of time such as an age where its archaic spelling is yug with other forms of yugam yuganaṃ and yuge derived from yuj Sanskrit य ज lit to join or yoke believed derived from yeug Proto Indo European lit to join or unite 8 See also editHindu units of time Kalpa day of Brahma Manvantara age of Manu Pralaya period of dissolution Yuga Cycle four yuga ages Satya Krita Treta Dvapara and Kali List of numbers in Hindu scripturesExplanatory notes edit The general word yuga is sometimes used instead of the more specific word catur yuga A kalpa is described as lasting 1 000 catur yuga in Bhagavata Purana 12 4 2 catur yuga 6 and Bhagavad Gita 8 17 yuga 7 References edit a b Yuga Dictionary com Unabridged Online n d Retrieved 2021 02 27 Sundarraj M 1997 1st ed 1994 Ch 4 Asvins Time Keepers In Mahalingam N ed RG Vedic Studies Coimbatore Rukmani Offset Press p 219 It is quite clear that the smallest unit was the nimisah winking of eyes and that time in the general sense of past present and future was indicated by the word yuga Kane P V September 1936 Sukthankar V S Fyzee A A A Bhagwat N K eds Kalivarjya actions forbidden in the Kali Age Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 12 The Asiatic Society of Bombay 1 2 The word yuga occurs at least thirty eight times in the Rigveda but the meaning is rather doubtful In a few places yuga means yoke In many places it appears to refer to a very brief period Generally yuga appears to mean in the Rigveda generation lessening the life of human generations In other places yuga must be given the sense of a long period of time Gonzalez Reimann Luis 2018 Cosmic Cycles Cosmology and Cosmography In Basu Helene Jacobsen Knut A Malinar Angelika Narayanan Vasudha eds Brill s Encyclopedia of Hinduism Vol 2 Leiden Brill Publishers p 415 doi 10 1163 2212 5019 BEH COM 1020020 ISBN 978 90 04 17641 6 ISSN 2212 5019 The cycle of creation and destruction is either called a yuga MBh 1 1 28 12 327 89 13 135 11 a kalpa meaning a formation or a creation MBh 6 31 7 BhG 9 7 12 326 70 12 327 23 or a day of the brahman or of Brahma the creator god MBh 12 224 28 31 Sometimes it is simply referred to as the process of creation and destruction saṃharavikṣepa MBh 12 271 30 40 43 47 49 Burgess Rev Ebenezer 1935 1st ed 1860 Gangooly Phanindralal ed Translation of the Surya Siddhanta A Text Book of Hindu Astronomy With notes and an appendix University of Calcutta p 9 The period of 4 320 000 years is ordinarily styled Great Age mahayuga or as above in two instances 1 15 16 Quadruple Age caturyuga In the Surya Siddhanta however the former term is not once found and the latter occurs only in these verses elsewhere Age yuga alone is employed to denote it and always denotes it unless expressly limited by the name of the Golden krta Age Srimad Bhagavatam Bhagavata Puraṇa 12 4 2 Bhaktivedanta Vedabase Retrieved 2020 05 10 catur yuga sahasraṁ tu brahmaṇo dinam ucyate sa kalpo yatra manavas caturdasa visam pate 2 2 One thousand cycles of four ages catur yuga constitute a single day of Brahma known as a kalpa In that period O King fourteen Manus come and go Bhagavad gita As It Is 8 17 Bhaktivedanta Vedabase in Sanskrit and English Translated by A C Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada Bhaktivedanta Book Trust 1968 LCCN 68008322 Wikidata Q854700 Retrieved 2020 05 10 sahasra yuga paryantam ahar yad brahmaṇo viduḥ ratriṁ yuga sahasrantaṁ te ho ratra vido janaḥ 17 17 By human calculation a thousand ages yuga taken together form the duration of Brahma s one day And such also is the duration of his night य ग yuga Wiktionary Retrieved 2021 02 27 yuga Wiktionary Retrieved 2021 02 27 Yuga Wisdom Library 29 June 2012 Retrieved 2021 02 27 य ज yuj Wiktionary Retrieved 2021 02 27 yeug Online Etymology Dictionary Retrieved 2021 02 27 yug Wiktionary 6 June 2022 Retrieved 2023 09 01 External links editVedic Time System Yuga Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Yuga amp oldid 1214629224, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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