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Bo Ya

January 01, 1970

In this Chinese name, the family name is Bo.

Bo Ya (Chinese: 伯牙; pinyin: Bó Yá) was a Chinese qin player from the state of Chu (楚),[1] which is roughly equivalent to modern-day Jingzhou, Hubei, who lived during the Spring and Autumn period or Warring States period. His complete name is often incorrectly given as Yu Boya (俞伯牙) in Stories to Caution the World (警世通言), so he is sometimes referred to with the name of Yu Boya in modern literature. However, Bo Ya is the correct name, which is clarified in Lüshi Chunqiu (吕氏春秋).[2]

Mural of Bo Ya playing a guqin in the Long Corridor of the Old Summer Palace, Beijing

Life edit

Learning Guqin edit

 
Guqin
Main article: Qin Cao

Bo Ya is well known in the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period for his Guqin skill. According to Qincao (琴操）written by Cai Yong, He learned his Guqin skill from Chenglian, another famous Guqin player. When he was studying Guqin, his teacher brought him to Mount Penglai and left Bo Ya. Bo Ya was immersed in the natural sound of the waves and the mountain forest, and wrote down a piece of music called Shuixiancao (水仙操). After this experience, he becomes one of the best Guqin players in his times.[3][4]

Story about Zhiyin edit

Main articles: Liezi and Lüshi Chunqiu

Bo Ya was good at playing the qin. Zhong Ziqi (锺子期) was good at listening to the qin. When Bo Ya's will was towards high mountains in his playing, Zhong Ziqi would say, "How towering like Mount Tai!" When Bo Ya's will was towards flowing water in his playing, Zhong Ziqi would say, "How vast are the rivers and oceans!" Whatever Bo Ya thought of Ziqi would never fail to understand. Bo Ya said, "Amazing! Your heart and mine are the same!"[5] After Zhong Ziqi died, Bo Ya broke his guqin because he thought that no one else can understand his music.[2]

Bo Ya's story with Zhong Ziqi generates the term Zhiyin (Chinese: 知音, original meaning: someone who knows music well), which means close friends that can completely understand each other.[6]

Musical work edit

High Mountain and Flowing Stream edit

High Mountain (Chinese: Gao Shan, 高山) and Flowing Stream (Chinese: Liu Shui, 流水) were originally sections of the same piece of music, with the first four sections recognized as "High Mountain" and the last eight sections recognized as "Flowing Stream."[7] It is also said to be the music that Bo Ya played to Zhong Ziqi as it contains both elements of "towering like Mount Tai" and "vast rivers and oceans."

Shuixiancao edit

Shuixiancao (水仙操) was composed by Bo Ya when he was brought to Mount Penglai and stayed alone, inspired by the sound in the nature. It is Bo Ya's first famous Guqin music piece.[3][4]

Huailingcao edit

Huailingcao (怀陵操) was composed by Bo Ya, which contains intense and passionate sound.[3][4]

Legacy edit

Music edit

The qin pieces composed by Bo Ya were widely spread and recognized in China and enjoyed a high reputation, especially the most famous piece called High Mountains and Flowing Water (Gao Shan Liu Shui). This qin piece is broadly accepted in China as one of the top ten famous traditional Chinese music pieces, as it describes the majesty, depth, solemnity and nobility of mountains, and the harmony between flowing water and mountains. It has a high aesthetic and musical value which reminds people of a spring of fresh water merrily flowing down a mountain, and the waves playfully rising.[8] In 1977, Guan Pinghu's performance of "Flowing Water" was recommended by composer Chou Wen-chung to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and included in the Voyager Golden Record by NASA as a representative of Chinese music works.[9][10][11]

The story of Bo Ya also reflects the meaning and significance of traditional qin music in ancient China. China's qin music is historically associated with the literati, and the general purpose of the literati playing qin pieces is not for the audience, but for themselves. They think music is an expressive art, and the priority is to serve themselves rather than the audience. Therefore, the criteria to judge and assess their music should meet the musician's personal aesthetic standards, and show obvious differences from the generally accepted ones, which thus indicates the unique personal taste of the musician.[12] This is reflected by the story of Bo Ya finding his Zhiyin, who really understands his music and knows his mind. In this story, Bo Ya considers Ziqi his Zhiyin for he is the only one who understands his works of art and meets his criteria. This story of Bo Ya shows the general attitude of qin players toward playing in ancient China: the pursuit of aesthetic and the realization of personal musical standards.

Bo Ya's playing style is also unique and superb, which could provoke a connection with literature. As Francesca points out in his work, "Bo Ya's performance on the qin is not actually heard or imitated in the telling of the story, but is instead simulated synesthetically through the poetry of the narrative." He thinks that It provides a bridge between the natural world and the music.[13]

Morality and philosophy edit

In Chinese culture, the word Zhiyin has become a special cultural mark. On the one hand, the word Zhiyin could be understood as a person who is proficient in music, on the other hand, it is regarded as the most intelligent critic and appreciator of all arts, including music.[14] Zhiyin has now been extended to a broader meaning of a close friend who understands one's mind. When talking about Zhiyin, it would be generally accepted by people this word could be used to describe a soul mate or an intimate friend.[15] This word is also frequently used by Chinese people to express their sadness for finding it hard to find a friend that knows about them. The story of Bo Ya and Ziqi has been considered as one important part the philosophy of inter-person relationship in Chinese culture, reflecting the Chinese ideal of friendship.[16]

The story of Zhiyin also can show philosophical value through the lens of Confucian thoughts. In the story, Ziqi's understanding was not a matter of knowledge of melody. Obviously, he had a deep understanding of Boya's personality and was himself a man who pursues freedom and ideal, so he could arouse a "resonance" in Bo Ya's music. "Resonance" refers to the discovery of "oneself" in the object of appreciation. Ziqi knew that Boya was committed to high mountains and flowing water through his music, because he himself was committed to the mountains and water in the natural world as well. Ziqi found himself in Bo Ya's music, thus making himself empathize and sympathize with Bo Ya. Sympathy and empathy in the resonance could be heading to the realm of the integration of heart and object, subject and object, which is an important content in Confucianism.[14]

Presence in literary and artistic works edit

  • Bo Ya Jue Xian (2021) – A stage play created by Hunan Grand Theatre and Changsha Song and Dance Theater. The play is an artistic re-creation of the well-known story of "High mountains and flowing water, meeting an intimate friend (Gao Shan Liu Shui Yu Zhi Yin)"[17]
  • Bo Ya Qin (2016) – A song composed by songwriter Wu Xiaoping with lyrics written by lyricist Liu Pengchun, and sung by singer Wang Zhe.[18]
  • Bo Ya Jue Xian (2010) – A song sung and composed by Wang Leehom with lyrics written by Chen Xinhong and A Pu.

References edit

  1. ^ Ban, Gu; 班固 (2007). Han shu (Beijing di 1 ban ed.). Beijing Shi: Zhonghua shu ju. ISBN 978-7-101-05703-4.
  2. ^ a b The annals of Lü Buwei = [Lü shi chun qiu] : a complete translation and study. Buwei, B.C. Lü, John Knoblock, Jeffrey K. Riegel, B.C. 呂不韋. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. 2000. ISBN 0-8047-3354-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  3. ^ a b c Sturgeon, Donald. "琴操 : 琴操 - Chinese Text Project". ctext.org (in Chinese). Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  4. ^ a b c Cai, Yong; 蔡邕 (1990). Qin cao : liang zhong. Liankang Ji, 吉聯抗. (Beijing di 1 ban ed.). Beijing: Ren min yin yue chu ban she. ISBN 7-103-00578-8.
  5. ^ "Liezi : 汤问 - Chinese Text Project". ctext.org (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  6. ^ 王枫; WANG Feng (2018-01-01). ""知音"的语义流变及文化内涵 / Semantic Evolution and Cultural Implication of Chinese Idiom "ZhiYin"". 南通大学学报（社会科学版） / Journal of Nantong University (Social Sciences Edition）. 34 (4): 94–99. ISSN 1673-2359.
  7. ^ Qin qu ji cheng. Zhongguo yi shu yan jiu yuan. Yin yue yan jiu suo, Beijing gu qin yan jiu hui, 中國藝術研究院. 音樂研究所., 北京古琴研究會. (Di 1 ban ed.). Beijing Shi: Zhonghua shu ju. 2010. ISBN 978-7-101-07383-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  8. ^ "Top Ten Famous Traditional Chinese Music Pieces". en.chinaculture.org. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  9. ^ "Voyager - Music on the Golden Record". voyager.jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  10. ^ "沉痛悼念周文中先生，是他让《流水》上了太空_腾讯新闻". new.qq.com. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  11. ^ "Voyager Golden Record". goldenrecord.org. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  12. ^ Yung, Bell (2017). "An Audience of One: The Private Music of the Chinese Literati". Ethnomusicology. 61 (3): 506–539. doi:10.5406/ethnomusicology.61.3.0506. ISSN 0014-1836. JSTOR 10.5406/ethnomusicology.61.3.0506.
  13. ^ Sborgi Lawson, Francesca R. (2015). "Music Creating Literature and Literature Creating Music: Luo Yusheng's Beijing Drum Song Versions of the Story of Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi". CHINOPERL: Journal of Chinese Oral and Performing Literature. 34 (2): 115–138. doi:10.1080/01937774.2015.1096549. ISSN 0193-7774. S2CID 192425519.
  14. ^ a b 陳昭瑛 (2006-12-01). "知音、知樂與知政：儒家音樂美學中的"體知"概念". 臺灣東亞文明研究學刊. 3 (2). doi:10.6163/tjeas.2006.3(2)41. ISSN 1812-6243.
  15. ^ "知音 : intimate friend... : zhī yīn | Definition | Mandarin Chinese Pinyin English Dictionary | Yabla Chinese". chinese.yabla.com. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  16. ^ . en.hubei.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2020-11-03. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  17. ^ "湖南大剧院、长沙歌舞剧院联合出品丨舞剧《伯牙绝弦》湖南大剧院首演·全国巡演". m.thepaper.cn. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  18. ^ "《伯牙琴》唱出当代艺术共鸣音". www.sohu.com. Retrieved 2022-05-04.

Further reading edit


 

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January 01, 1970
this, chinese, name, family, name, chinese, 伯牙, pinyin, chinese, player, from, state, which, roughly, equivalent, modern, jingzhou, hubei, lived, during, spring, autumn, period, warring, states, period, complete, name, often, incorrectly, given, boya, 俞伯牙, sto. In this Chinese name the family name is Bo Bo Ya Chinese 伯牙 pinyin Bo Ya was a Chinese qin player from the state of Chu 楚 1 which is roughly equivalent to modern day Jingzhou Hubei who lived during the Spring and Autumn period or Warring States period His complete name is often incorrectly given as Yu Boya 俞伯牙 in Stories to Caution the World 警世通言 so he is sometimes referred to with the name of Yu Boya in modern literature However Bo Ya is the correct name which is clarified in Lushi Chunqiu 吕氏春秋 2 Mural of Bo Ya playing a guqin in the Long Corridor of the Old Summer Palace Beijing Contents 1 Life 1 1 Learning Guqin 1 2 Story about Zhiyin 1 3 Musical work 1 3 1 High Mountain and Flowing Stream 1 3 2 Shuixiancao 1 3 3 Huailingcao 2 Legacy 2 1 Music 2 2 Morality and philosophy 2 3 Presence in literary and artistic works 3 References 4 Further readingLife editLearning Guqin edit nbsp Guqin Main article Qin Cao Bo Ya is well known in the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period for his Guqin skill According to Qincao 琴操 written by Cai Yong He learned his Guqin skill from Chenglian another famous Guqin player When he was studying Guqin his teacher brought him to Mount Penglai and left Bo Ya Bo Ya was immersed in the natural sound of the waves and the mountain forest and wrote down a piece of music called Shuixiancao 水仙操 After this experience he becomes one of the best Guqin players in his times 3 4 Story about Zhiyin edit Main articles Liezi and Lushi Chunqiu Bo Ya was good at playing the qin Zhong Ziqi 锺子期 was good at listening to the qin When Bo Ya s will was towards high mountains in his playing Zhong Ziqi would say How towering like Mount Tai When Bo Ya s will was towards flowing water in his playing Zhong Ziqi would say How vast are the rivers and oceans Whatever Bo Ya thought of Ziqi would never fail to understand Bo Ya said Amazing Your heart and mine are the same 5 After Zhong Ziqi died Bo Ya broke his guqin because he thought that no one else can understand his music 2 Bo Ya s story with Zhong Ziqi generates the term Zhiyin Chinese 知音 original meaning someone who knows music well which means close friends that can completely understand each other 6 Musical work edit High Mountain and Flowing Stream edit High Mountain Chinese Gao Shan 高山 and Flowing Stream Chinese Liu Shui 流水 were originally sections of the same piece of music with the first four sections recognized as High Mountain and the last eight sections recognized as Flowing Stream 7 It is also said to be the music that Bo Ya played to Zhong Ziqi as it contains both elements of towering like Mount Tai and vast rivers and oceans Shuixiancao edit Shuixiancao 水仙操 was composed by Bo Ya when he was brought to Mount Penglai and stayed alone inspired by the sound in the nature It is Bo Ya s first famous Guqin music piece 3 4 Huailingcao edit Huailingcao 怀陵操 was composed by Bo Ya which contains intense and passionate sound 3 4 Legacy editMusic edit The qin pieces composed by Bo Ya were widely spread and recognized in China and enjoyed a high reputation especially the most famous piece called High Mountains and Flowing Water Gao Shan Liu Shui This qin piece is broadly accepted in China as one of the top ten famous traditional Chinese music pieces as it describes the majesty depth solemnity and nobility of mountains and the harmony between flowing water and mountains It has a high aesthetic and musical value which reminds people of a spring of fresh water merrily flowing down a mountain and the waves playfully rising 8 In 1977 Guan Pinghu s performance of Flowing Water was recommended by composer Chou Wen chung to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA and included in the Voyager Golden Record by NASA as a representative of Chinese music works 9 10 11 The story of Bo Ya also reflects the meaning and significance of traditional qin music in ancient China China s qin music is historically associated with the literati and the general purpose of the literati playing qin pieces is not for the audience but for themselves They think music is an expressive art and the priority is to serve themselves rather than the audience Therefore the criteria to judge and assess their music should meet the musician s personal aesthetic standards and show obvious differences from the generally accepted ones which thus indicates the unique personal taste of the musician 12 This is reflected by the story of Bo Ya finding his Zhiyin who really understands his music and knows his mind In this story Bo Ya considers Ziqi his Zhiyin for he is the only one who understands his works of art and meets his criteria This story of Bo Ya shows the general attitude of qin players toward playing in ancient China the pursuit of aesthetic and the realization of personal musical standards Bo Ya s playing style is also unique and superb which could provoke a connection with literature As Francesca points out in his work Bo Ya s performance on the qin is not actually heard or imitated in the telling of the story but is instead simulated synesthetically through the poetry of the narrative He thinks that It provides a bridge between the natural world and the music 13 Morality and philosophy edit In Chinese culture the word Zhiyin has become a special cultural mark On the one hand the word Zhiyin could be understood as a person who is proficient in music on the other hand it is regarded as the most intelligent critic and appreciator of all arts including music 14 Zhiyin has now been extended to a broader meaning of a close friend who understands one s mind When talking about Zhiyin it would be generally accepted by people this word could be used to describe a soul mate or an intimate friend 15 This word is also frequently used by Chinese people to express their sadness for finding it hard to find a friend that knows about them The story of Bo Ya and Ziqi has been considered as one important part the philosophy of inter person relationship in Chinese culture reflecting the Chinese ideal of friendship 16 The story of Zhiyin also can show philosophical value through the lens of Confucian thoughts In the story Ziqi s understanding was not a matter of knowledge of melody Obviously he had a deep understanding of Boya s personality and was himself a man who pursues freedom and ideal so he could arouse a resonance in Bo Ya s music Resonance refers to the discovery of oneself in the object of appreciation Ziqi knew that Boya was committed to high mountains and flowing water through his music because he himself was committed to the mountains and water in the natural world as well Ziqi found himself in Bo Ya s music thus making himself empathize and sympathize with Bo Ya Sympathy and empathy in the resonance could be heading to the realm of the integration of heart and object subject and object which is an important content in Confucianism 14 Presence in literary and artistic works edit Bo Ya Jue Xian 2021 A stage play created by Hunan Grand Theatre and Changsha Song and Dance Theater The play is an artistic re creation of the well known story of High mountains and flowing water meeting an intimate friend Gao Shan Liu Shui Yu Zhi Yin 17 Bo Ya Qin 2016 A song composed by songwriter Wu Xiaoping with lyrics written by lyricist Liu Pengchun and sung by singer Wang Zhe 18 Bo Ya Jue Xian 2010 A song sung and composed by Wang Leehom with lyrics written by Chen Xinhong and A Pu References edit Ban Gu 班固 2007 Han shu Beijing di 1 ban ed Beijing Shi Zhonghua shu ju ISBN 978 7 101 05703 4 a b The annals of Lu Buwei Lu shi chun qiu a complete translation and study Buwei B C Lu John Knoblock Jeffrey K Riegel B C 呂不韋 Stanford Calif Stanford University Press 2000 ISBN 0 8047 3354 6 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link a b c Sturgeon Donald 琴操 琴操 Chinese Text Project ctext org in Chinese Retrieved 2022 05 04 a b c Cai Yong 蔡邕 1990 Qin cao liang zhong Liankang Ji 吉聯抗 Beijing di 1 ban ed Beijing Ren min yin yue chu ban she ISBN 7 103 00578 8 Liezi 汤问 Chinese Text Project ctext org in Chinese China Retrieved 2022 05 04 王枫 WANG Feng 2018 01 01 知音 的语义流变及文化内涵 Semantic Evolution and Cultural Implication of Chinese Idiom ZhiYin 南通大学学报 社会科学版 Journal of Nantong University Social Sciences Edition 34 4 94 99 ISSN 1673 2359 Qin qu ji cheng Zhongguo yi shu yan jiu yuan Yin yue yan jiu suo Beijing gu qin yan jiu hui 中國藝術研究院 音樂研究所 北京古琴研究會 Di 1 ban ed Beijing Shi Zhonghua shu ju 2010 ISBN 978 7 101 07383 6 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Top Ten Famous Traditional Chinese Music Pieces en chinaculture org Retrieved 2022 05 04 Voyager Music on the Golden Record voyager jpl nasa gov Retrieved 2022 05 04 沉痛悼念周文中先生 是他让 流水 上了太空 腾讯新闻 new qq com Retrieved 2022 05 04 Voyager Golden Record goldenrecord org Retrieved 2022 05 04 Yung Bell 2017 An Audience of One The Private Music of the Chinese Literati Ethnomusicology 61 3 506 539 doi 10 5406 ethnomusicology 61 3 0506 ISSN 0014 1836 JSTOR 10 5406 ethnomusicology 61 3 0506 Sborgi Lawson Francesca R 2015 Music Creating Literature and Literature Creating Music Luo Yusheng s Beijing Drum Song Versions of the Story of Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi CHINOPERL Journal of Chinese Oral and Performing Literature 34 2 115 138 doi 10 1080 01937774 2015 1096549 ISSN 0193 7774 S2CID 192425519 a b 陳昭瑛 2006 12 01 知音 知樂與知政 儒家音樂美學中的 體知 概念 臺灣東亞文明研究學刊 3 2 doi 10 6163 tjeas 2006 3 2 41 ISSN 1812 6243 知音 intimate friend zhi yin Definition Mandarin Chinese Pinyin English Dictionary Yabla Chinese chinese yabla com Retrieved 2022 05 04 The Legend of Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi en hubei gov cn Archived from the original on 2020 11 03 Retrieved 2022 05 04 湖南大剧院 长沙歌舞剧院联合出品丨舞剧 伯牙绝弦 湖南大剧院首演 全国巡演 m thepaper cn Retrieved 2022 05 04 伯牙琴 唱出当代艺术共鸣音 www sohu com Retrieved 2022 05 04 Further reading editLawergren Bo 2019 Music In Dien Albert E Knapp Keith N eds The Cambridge History of China Volume II Six Dynasties 220 589 Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 698 720 ISBN 978 1 107 02077 1 nbsp This article on a Chinese musician is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte nbsp This article on a musician who plays a string instrument is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bo Ya amp oldid 1208747348, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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