Yeywa Dam
The Yeywa Hydropower Station (Burmese: ရဲရွာရေအားလျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ်အားပေးစက်ရုံ), located on the Myitnge River, 52 kilometres (32 mi) southeast of Mandalay city, at Yeywa village in Kyaukse Township, Mandalay Region in central Myanmar, is the country's first roller-compacted concrete (RCC) dam,[3] and the site of a 790-megawatt (1,060,000 hp) hydroelectric power plant, the largest in the country.[4][5]
| Yeywa Hydropower Station | |
|---|---|
Yeywa Dam | |
Location of Yeywa Hydropower Station in Myanmar | |
| Official name | Burmese: ရဲရွာရေအားလျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ်အားပေးစက်ရုံ |
| Location | Mandalay Region, Kyaukse District Kyaukse Township, near Yeyaman village, Myanmar (52 km or 32 mi from Mandalay) |
| Coordinates | 21°40′22″N 96°28′25″E / 21.67278°N 96.47361°E |
| Construction began | 2001-2002 |
| Opening date | No(1)...February 18, 2010 No(2)...August 7, 2010 No(3)...June 16, 2010 No(4)...December 15, 2010 |
| Construction cost | US$700 million Designed by Colenco Power Engineering Ltd. (Switzerland) |
| Owner(s) | Department of Hydropower, Ministry of Electricity and Energy (Myanmar) |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Gravity, roller-compacted concrete |
| Impounds | Myitnge River, a tributary of the Ayeyarwady River |
| Height | 134 m (440 ft) |
| Length | 690 m (2,260 ft) |
| Spillway type | ungated spillway 157 m (515 ft) crest width 136 m (446 ft) net width |
| Spillway capacity | design flood: 6,600 m3 (5.4 acre⋅ft)/s |
| Reservoir | |
| Total capacity | 2.6×109 m3 (9.82 Tmcft) gross storage 1.6×109 m3 (56.5 Tmcft) active storage |
| Catchment area | 10,890 sq mi (28,200 km2) |
| Surface area | 14,580 acres (59.0 km2)[1] |
| Maximum water depth | >180 m (590.6 ft) |
| Power Station | |
| Operator(s) | Myanmar Electric Power Enterprise |
| Commission date | 2010 |
| Turbines | 4 x 197.5 MW (264,900 hp) Francis-type[2] |
| Installed capacity | 790 MW (1,060,000 hp) |
| Annual generation | 3,550 GWh (12,800 TJ) |
| Website Yeywa Dam | |
Background edit
The plant feasibility study was comepleted in 1999. In May 2001, agreement of consulting service between MEPE and COLENCO Power Engineering, Ltd. was signed. In 2003 agreement part 2 for Detail Design, preparation of tender documents and guidance services for construction supervision was signed. The river diversion was completed on December 12, 2004 and RCC placement began on February 8, 2006.[6] The Burmese government announced plans for the Yeywa Dam in late 2001. In 2004, Burma's Ministry of Electric Power (MEPE) signed a Memorandum of understanding with a consortium of Chinese companies created by China International Trust & Investment Co. (CITIC) and Sinohydro Corporation for implementation of the project. On September 2, 2005, a ceremony to mark the signing of contract between the Hydroelectric Power Department under the Ministry of Electric Power and the China National Heavy Machinery Corporation (CHMC) for the Yeywa Hydroelectric Power Project was held in Yangon [Rangoon], Site work began in 2004 and all four generators were commissioned in 2010.[7] The project was completed in November 2011.[8]
Design edit
The dam design comprises a 137 metres (449 ft) high RCC embankment gravity dam, built of 2,800,000 cubic metres (99,000,000 cu ft) of concrete. The dam includes an ungated spillway of reinforced conventional concrete cast after RCC placement, located in the central section of the dam for a design flood water discharge of 6,600 cubic metres per second (230,000 cu ft/s). The 448-foot (137 m) wide spillway consists of eight 56-foot (17 m) wide and 39-foot (12 m) high outlets.[1]
There is a 790 MW (4 × 197.5 MW) powerhouse at the toe of the dam on the south bank of the river.[4] The power house containing the turbines and generators is 510 feet (160 m) long, 148 feet (45 m) wide and 197 feet (60 m) high. The power house and dam structures are designed to withstand earthquakes of up to eight on the Richter scale.[9]
The power generation facilities consist of four water intakes, each consisting of 22-foot (6.7 m) diameter and 492-foot (150 m) long high tensile steel pipe penstocks and four vertical axis Francis turbines and generator units and associated electro-mechanical and auxiliary equipment installed in an open air powerhouse. Four water intake towers were built as conventional reinforced concrete structures abutting the upstream (east) face of the RCC dam. This enabled the contractor to build the towers above the penstock inlets before the start of RCC construction in order to minimise interference with the RCC construction activity.[3]
There is one permanent 10-metre (33 ft) diameter, 450-metre (1,480 ft) long, diversion tunnel in the north river bank serving as a bottom outlet. This outlet tunnel enables reservoir drawdown and control during reservoir filling, maintenance of downstream riparian river flow during the impounding period and, together with the spillway, serves to redirect flood waters of the Myitnge river and maintain river flow during an emergency when all turbines are closed down.[4]
Two double circuit 230 kV transmission lines connect the main transformers located on the downstream side of the powerhouse to an open-air switchyard, located on the south river bank 550 metres (1,800 ft) downstream of the powerhouse. The Yeywa Dam will supply electric power to the Meiktila Sub-Power Station through the 110 kilometres (68 mi) long Yeywa-Meiktila 230 kV double power line link to the southwest and to the Bellin Substation through another 50 kilometres (31 mi) long 230 kV double power line link in the west. The Bellin and the Meiktila Sub-Power Stations will be linked to each other with 100 km long 23 kV double power lines. US$45.8 million worth of 230 KVA cables and equipment were used for construction and linking of these sub- power stations.[10][11]
Construction edit
Several construction companies from China, Switzerland, and Britain and Myanmar have been involved in various stages of the Yeywa Dam, including the Chinese companies: Export-Import Bank of China (China Exim Bank), China Gezhouba Group Co. (CGGC), China National Electric Equipment Co., Hunan Savoo Overseas Water & Electric Engineering Co. and China National Heavy Machinery Co. The Swiss company Colenco Power Engineering, the Germany-based company Voith Siemens, and the British Malcolm Dunstan & Associates.[7]
A key aspect in the successful construction of the Yeywa RCC dam was comprehensive training of the local staff during preparative for and initial stages of the construction. High-Tech Concrete Technologies (HTCT), a member of Shwe Taung Group, was the one who has been succeeding the knowledge from local perspective.[12] Up to 5,000 workers were employed on this large construction project. Equipment selected for the concreting operations include Putzmeister's MX 32 stationary boom, an M 38 truck-mounted concrete pump and two BSA 2,109 HP stationary pumps.[13]
A bridge was built across the river, just downstream of the dam, to replace the ferry system, which had been the only means for transport across the river.[4]
Various studies were conducted during construction, and identified risk factors, one of them was "Key Organizational Risk Factors: A Case Study of Hydroelectric Power Projects in Myanmar".[14]
Impact edit
3,550 gigawatt-hours (12,800 TJ) of electricity per year will be supplied to the Mandalay Division regional power grid for public and private consumption.
In 2005 the Myanmar Times reported that three villages near the dam had been relocated. The villagers had depended on the Myitnge River for their fishing, farming and logging livelihoods, the sources of which will be flooded by the dam. Ancient cultural sites like the Sappa Sukha Htattaw Temple will also be flooded and forever lost.[2][15]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b media team. . MRTV-3. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
- ^ a b Leng, Muay Si (March–June 2002). "The Spirit of Nang Tsao Maunla" (PDF). Watershed. 7 (3). Towards Ecological Recovery and Regional Alliance (TERRA): 52–54. (PDF) from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2010-02-21.
- ^ a b . Water Power Magazine. Burma Rivers Network. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
- ^ a b c d U. Win Kyaw; U. Myint Zaw; Alan Dredge; Paul Fischer; K. Steiger. Yeywa Hydropower Project, an Overview (PDF). Burma Library. (PDF) from the original on 2010-12-13. Retrieved 2010-02-21.
- ^ Win Kyaw; Myint Zaw; Alan Dredge; Paul Fischer; K. Steiger. "Yeywa Hydropower Project, an Overview" (PDF). Vietnam National Commission On Large Dams. (PDF) from the original on 28 April 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
- ^ . Platts UDI World Electric Power Plants Data Base. Power Plants Around the World. 2009-10-10. Archived from the original on January 28, 2010. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
- ^ a b "Yeywa Dam". Letting the Rivers Run Free. Burma Rivers Network. July 2008. from the original on 19 January 2010. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
- ^ "Hydroelectric Power Plants in Myanmar". IndustCards. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
- ^ Thu, Kyaw (April 4–10, 2005). . Myanmar Times. Yangon: Myanmar Consolidated Media Co. Ltd. (Government of Myanmar). pp. Volume 14, No.261. Archived from the original on May 23, 2006. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
- ^ Burmese TV (September 2, 2005). "Burma Signs Contract With Chinese Corporation for Hydroelectric Project". Rangoon: RedOrbit. from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
- ^ "Burma contracts China for hydro project". Water Power Magazine. International Water Power and Dam Construction. 2005-09-09. from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
- ^ Ortega, Francisco S. (17–19 September 2007). "53". Construction of Yeywa Hydropower Project in Myanmar – Focus on RCC Technology (PDF). 7th ICOLD European Club Dam Symposium. Freising, Germany: Deutsches Talsperrenkomitee e.V. pp. 339–344. ISBN 978-3-940476-05-0. (PDF) from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
- ^ "Feature - Rounding up equipment". Water Power Magazine. International Water Power and Dam Construction. 2009-03-17. from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
- ^ "Key Organizational Risk Factors: A Case Study of Hydroelectric Power Project in Myanmar". Asian Institute of Technology. Scribd. 2009-05-27. from the original on 2016-01-30. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
- ^ "Yeywa Dam". Letting the rivers run free. Burma Rivers Network. from the original on 19 January 2010. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
External sources edit
| External images | |
|---|---|
| Earlier works at Yeywa showing overtopping of Stage 1 and 2 (July 2006), photo | |
| Earlier works at Yeywa before completion of integrated cofferdam (April 2007), photo | |
| Yeywa RCC dam under construction (January 2008), photo | |
| Yeywa Hydro Power Project, video 6:03 |