The Yemenite citron (Hebrew: אֶתְרוֹג תֵּימָנִי, etrog teimani)[a] is a variety of citron, usually containing no juice vesicles in its fruit's segments. The bearing tree and the mature fruit's size are somewhat larger than the trees and fruit of other varieties of citron.[1][2]
Yemenite Jew at the Western Wall with a large Yemenite etrog
Despite its major differences from standard varieties of the most common original citron, the Yemenite citron was attested by a group of citrus and genetic experts to be a true variety of citron, and possesses a close genetic relation with the rest of the types. A brief documentation of this study was presented at the Global Citrus Germplasm Network.[3]
The Yemenite kind is highly affiliated with the Moroccan citron which is traditionally cultivated in a remote area in the absence of any other citrus species.[4]
Cross section of a Yemenite citron (left), and a Balady citron ("Chazon Ish" selection); note the lack of pulp in the Yemenite kind.
Although other varieties of pulpless citron, such as Buddha's hand, can be found in India and China,[5] most Jewish cultures are not aware of them, therefore the Yemenite citron is the only pulpless citron used as etrog. According to the Yemenite tradition that is claimed to trace back to The First Temple, their kind was with them all the times.
A man in Bnei Brak examines a Yemenite etrog for flaws.
Etrog haCushiEdit
Etrog haCushi (Hebrew: אֶתְּרוֹג הַכּוּשִׁי) is mentioned in the Mishnah as well as in both the Babylonian (Succa 36a) and the Jerusalem Talmud (Succa 3:6). The most common interpretation is that the Biblical Cush refers to Ethiopia,[6] and therefore Etrog haKuschi should also refer to something which could be called the Ethiopian citron.
The Ethiopian Jews did not follow the mitzva of four species, even though they did anticipate the Sukkot festival, as well as the rest of the Jewish ethnic divisions. This may have been due to their lack of ability to procure the species. Some believe that this is due to some Karaite influence, whose biblical interpretation indicates that the four species are only used as roofing for a sukkah (the S'chach), and not for a separate waving ritual.[7]
However, the Yemenite citron is available in Ethiopia and its markets, where it is sold for consumption.[8] According to Erich Isaac, the late researcher of citrus distribution, the Yemenite citron is synonymous with the Ethiopian citron, as a result of Ethiopian rule of Yemen in the past.[9][10]
Areas of cultivationEdit
Growing un-grafted citrons in Yemen has some associated difficulties, particularly since citron is a highly susceptible plant.[vague]
The most common rootstock types that are currently used to graft citrus in Yemen are Sour orange (Citrus × aurantium) and Rough lemon (Citrus jhambiri),[11] which are very helpful to prevent exocortis in Northern Yemen. The specific rootstock species are not carefully documented in Yemen and therefore difficult to detect, after the graft is done. However, throughout Yemen, grafting is not enough to prevent infection by Phytophthora gummosis, which can nonetheless still be controlled by appropriate horticultural practices.[12]
The main cultivation area of the Yemenite citron today is Israel, where it is highly sought out for its beauty and large size.
NotesEdit
^In the Yemenite tradition, the word אתרוג is pronounced with a dotted ת and שוא נח.
^Isaac, E. (1959). "Influence of Religion on the Spread of Citrus: The religious practices of the Jews helped effect the introduction of citrus to Mediterranean lands". Science. 129 (3343): 179–86. doi:10.1126/science.129.3343.179. PMID 17808686.
^Virus and virus-like diseases of citrus in the Near East region... for Southern Yemen
^"Ch27 - Greening and other virus and virus-like diseases in northern Yemen: conclusion". fao.org.
External linksEdit
The secret life of etrogs by the Jewish Journal
UJA of Greater Toronto
Yemenite Etrog on Flickr
Blog
A Yemenite website saying that there are grafted Yemenite citrons in Israel The same
Pictures of orchard growing Yemenite variety
Blog containing pictures of bloom and fruit on the tree
August 30, 2023
yemenite, citron, hebrew, רו, ימ, etrog, teimani, variety, citron, usually, containing, juice, vesicles, fruit, segments, bearing, tree, mature, fruit, size, somewhat, larger, than, trees, fruit, other, varieties, citron, yemenite, western, wall, with, large, . The Yemenite citron Hebrew א ת רו ג ת ימ נ י etrog teimani a is a variety of citron usually containing no juice vesicles in its fruit s segments The bearing tree and the mature fruit s size are somewhat larger than the trees and fruit of other varieties of citron 1 2 Yemenite Jew at the Western Wall with a large Yemenite etrog Contents 1 Classification 2 Role as Etrog 2 1 Etrog haCushi 3 Areas of cultivation 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksClassification EditDespite its major differences from standard varieties of the most common original citron the Yemenite citron was attested by a group of citrus and genetic experts to be a true variety of citron and possesses a close genetic relation with the rest of the types A brief documentation of this study was presented at the Global Citrus Germplasm Network 3 The Yemenite kind is highly affiliated with the Moroccan citron which is traditionally cultivated in a remote area in the absence of any other citrus species 4 Cross section of a Yemenite citron left and a Balady citron Chazon Ish selection note the lack of pulp in the Yemenite kind Role as Etrog EditFurther information Etrog Although other varieties of pulpless citron such as Buddha s hand can be found in India and China 5 most Jewish cultures are not aware of them therefore the Yemenite citron is the only pulpless citron used as etrog According to the Yemenite tradition that is claimed to trace back to The First Temple their kind was with them all the times A man in Bnei Brak examines a Yemenite etrog for flaws Etrog haCushi Edit Etrog haCushi Hebrew א ת רו ג ה כ ו ש י is mentioned in the Mishnah as well as in both the Babylonian Succa 36a and the Jerusalem Talmud Succa 3 6 The most common interpretation is that the Biblical Cush refers to Ethiopia 6 and therefore Etrog haKuschi should also refer to something which could be called the Ethiopian citron The Ethiopian Jews did not follow the mitzva of four species even though they did anticipate the Sukkot festival as well as the rest of the Jewish ethnic divisions This may have been due to their lack of ability to procure the species Some believe that this is due to some Karaite influence whose biblical interpretation indicates that the four species are only used as roofing for a sukkah the S chach and not for a separate waving ritual 7 However the Yemenite citron is available in Ethiopia and its markets where it is sold for consumption 8 According to Erich Isaac the late researcher of citrus distribution the Yemenite citron is synonymous with the Ethiopian citron as a result of Ethiopian rule of Yemen in the past 9 10 Areas of cultivation EditGrowing un grafted citrons in Yemen has some associated difficulties particularly since citron is a highly susceptible plant vague The most common rootstock types that are currently used to graft citrus in Yemen are Sour orange Citrus aurantium and Rough lemon Citrus jhambiri 11 which are very helpful to prevent exocortis in Northern Yemen The specific rootstock species are not carefully documented in Yemen and therefore difficult to detect after the graft is done However throughout Yemen grafting is not enough to prevent infection by Phytophthora gummosis which can nonetheless still be controlled by appropriate horticultural practices 12 The main cultivation area of the Yemenite citron today is Israel where it is highly sought out for its beauty and large size Notes Edit In the Yemenite tradition the word אתרוג is pronounced with a dotted ת and שוא נח References Edit A Man Holds A Yemenite Citron against his Head yemen ucr edu Archived from the original on 2018 01 14 Retrieved 2008 04 15 The Search for the Authentic Citron Citrus medica L Historic and Genetic Analysis ashspublications org Archived from the original on 2019 01 26 Retrieved 2014 09 21 The Report by professor Eliezer E Goldschmidt in Halichoth Sadeh תשנ ח is available for reading in Otzar haChochma The etrogim of Morocco by Rabbi Yashar Livi See Chhangura at The Purdue University website Bar Ilan University article about the subject Archived 2007 11 18 at the Wayback Machine David Schperber See also שאילת שלמה Ari Greenspan Yemen Times Isaac E 1959 Influence of Religion on the Spread of Citrus The religious practices of the Jews helped effect the introduction of citrus to Mediterranean lands Science 129 3343 179 86 doi 10 1126 science 129 3343 179 PMID 17808686 Virus and virus like diseases of citrus in the Near East region for Southern Yemen Ch27 Greening and other virus and virus like diseases in northern Yemen conclusion fao org External links EditThe secret life of etrogs by the Jewish Journal UJA of Greater Toronto Yemenite Etrog on Flickr Blog A Yemenite website saying that there are grafted Yemenite citrons in Israel The same Pictures of orchard growing Yemenite variety Blog containing pictures of bloom and fruit on the tree Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Yemenite citron amp oldid 1140030760, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
