Yan, Marquis of Tian (Chinese: 田侯剡; pinyin: Tián Hóu Yǎn; died 375 BC) was from 383 to 375 BC ruler of the State of Qi, a major power during the Warring States period of ancient China. His personal name was Tián Yǎn (田剡), and ancestral name Gui (媯).[1]
Yan's father was Duke Tai of Tian Qi, the first Qi ruler from the House of Tian. Although leaders of the Tian clan had been de facto rulers of Qi since 481 BC, it wasn't until 386 BC that Duke Tai was formally recognized as ruler of Qi by King An of Zhou, the nominal king of all China. Duke Tai ascended the throne and exiled Duke Kang of Qi, the last Qi ruler from the House of Jiang, to a seaside city. Duke Tai died two years later and was succeeded by Yan. Duke Kang died in 379 BC.[1]
In 378 BC the states of Han, Zhao, and Wei invaded Qi and attacked the city of Lingqiu (in present-day Gaotang County, Shandong Province). In 375 BC Yan was murdered by his younger brother Tian Wu, who usurped the throne and became known as Duke Huan of Tian Qi. Yan's son Tian Xi was also killed.[1][2]
Historical recordsedit
Because of the lack of reliable records during the Warring States period, the chapter on the House of Tian in Sima Qian's influential Shiji is unreliable and error-prone. Yan's reign was completely omitted from the Shiji, and he remained largely unknown until the discovery of the Bamboo Annals in 281 AD during the Jin dynasty.[1]
Mausoleumedit
Yan's mausoleum is located on the Dingzu Mountain (鼎足山) near Qiling Town, in Linzi District of Zibo, Shandong, near the ancient Qi capital Linzi. There are two hill-like tombs built on the same platform. Together they measure 190 metres (620 ft) from north to south, 320 metres (1,050 ft) from east to west, and 30 metres (98 ft) high.[3][4] The area is called Two Kings' Cemetery (二王冢), and had been for 2,000 years thought to be the tombs of Duke Huan of Qi and Duke Jing of Qi. However, archaeologists have concluded that they are in fact the tombs of Yan and his brother and murderer, Duke Huan of Tian Qi.[3]
All seven known mausoleums of Tian Qi rulers are now protected as a National Historical and Cultural Site.[3] Since 2008 they have been included in the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites as part of the ancient Qi capital and mausoleum complex.[4]
^ abc [Tian Qi mausoleums: typical examples of Warring States mausoleums] (in Chinese). Qidu.net. 11 January 2009. Archived from the original on 23 June 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
^ ab"Site of the Qi State Capital and the Mausoleum of King of the Qi State at Linzi". UNESCO. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
marquis, tian, chinese, 田侯剡, pinyin, tián, hóu, yǎn, died, from, ruler, state, major, power, during, warring, states, period, ancient, china, personal, name, tián, yǎn, 田剡, ancestral, name, 田侯剡ruler, qireign383, bcpredecessorduke, tian, qisuccessorduke, huan, . Yan Marquis of Tian Chinese 田侯剡 pinyin Tian Hou Yǎn died 375 BC was from 383 to 375 BC ruler of the State of Qi a major power during the Warring States period of ancient China His personal name was Tian Yǎn 田剡 and ancestral name Gui 媯 1 Yan Marquis of Tian田侯剡Ruler of QiReign383 375 BCPredecessorDuke Tai of Tian QiSuccessorDuke Huan of Tian QiDied375 BCNamesAncestral name Gui 媯 Clan name Tian 田 Given name Yan 剡 HouseHouse of TianFatherDuke Tai of Tian Qi Contents 1 Reign 2 Historical records 3 Mausoleum 4 Family 5 Ancestry 6 ReferencesReign editYan s father was Duke Tai of Tian Qi the first Qi ruler from the House of Tian Although leaders of the Tian clan had been de facto rulers of Qi since 481 BC it wasn t until 386 BC that Duke Tai was formally recognized as ruler of Qi by King An of Zhou the nominal king of all China Duke Tai ascended the throne and exiled Duke Kang of Qi the last Qi ruler from the House of Jiang to a seaside city Duke Tai died two years later and was succeeded by Yan Duke Kang died in 379 BC 1 In 378 BC the states of Han Zhao and Wei invaded Qi and attacked the city of Lingqiu in present day Gaotang County Shandong Province In 375 BC Yan was murdered by his younger brother Tian Wu who usurped the throne and became known as Duke Huan of Tian Qi Yan s son Tian Xi was also killed 1 2 Historical records editBecause of the lack of reliable records during the Warring States period the chapter on the House of Tian in Sima Qian s influential Shiji is unreliable and error prone Yan s reign was completely omitted from the Shiji and he remained largely unknown until the discovery of the Bamboo Annals in 281 AD during the Jin dynasty 1 Mausoleum editYan s mausoleum is located on the Dingzu Mountain 鼎足山 near Qiling Town in Linzi District of Zibo Shandong near the ancient Qi capital Linzi There are two hill like tombs built on the same platform Together they measure 190 metres 620 ft from north to south 320 metres 1 050 ft from east to west and 30 metres 98 ft high 3 4 The area is called Two Kings Cemetery 二王冢 and had been for 2 000 years thought to be the tombs of Duke Huan of Qi and Duke Jing of Qi However archaeologists have concluded that they are in fact the tombs of Yan and his brother and murderer Duke Huan of Tian Qi 3 All seven known mausoleums of Tian Qi rulers are now protected as a National Historical and Cultural Site 3 Since 2008 they have been included in the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites as part of the ancient Qi capital and mausoleum complex 4 Family editSons Youngest son Prince Xi 公子喜 d 375 BC Ancestry editViscount Cheng of TianViscount Xiang of TianViscount Zhuang of Tian d 411 BC Duke Tai of Tian Qi d 384 BC Yan Marquis of Tian d 375 BC Lady d 364 BC References edit a b c d Han Zhaoqi 韩兆琦 2010 House of Tian Jingzhong Wan Shiji 史记 in Chinese Beijing Zhonghua Book Company pp 3662 3663 ISBN 978 7 101 07272 3 Annals of Wei Bamboo Annals in Chinese a b c 战国王陵的典型代表 田齐王陵 Tian Qi mausoleums typical examples of Warring States mausoleums in Chinese Qidu net 11 January 2009 Archived from the original on 23 June 2012 Retrieved 1 June 2012 a b Site of the Qi State Capital and the Mausoleum of King of the Qi State at Linzi UNESCO Retrieved 1 June 2012 Yan Marquis of TianHouse of Tian Died 375 BC Regnal titles Preceded byDuke Tai of Tian Qi Ruler of Qi383 375 BC Succeeded byDuke Huan of Tian Qi Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Yan Marquis of Tian amp oldid 1213565414, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
