Nga Yamankan (Burmese: ငရမန်ကန်း, pronounced[ŋəjəmàɰ̃ɡáɰ̃]; c. 1039–1084) was Governor of Pegu (Bago) from 1077 to 1084, who raised an unsuccessful rebellion against Saw Lu of Pagan Dynasty. He nearly succeeded. He captured and killed Lu. But he was driven out of Upper Burma by Lu's half-brother, Kyansittha and was killed while in retreat.
Yamankan, an ethnic Mon, was raised in Pagan at the court of King Anawrahta. His mother, who was of noble birth, was Anawrahta's son Lu's wet nurse.[1] his posthumous name Yamankan.[note 1]
He and Lu grew up together at the Pagan court, and became close friends. When Lu became in king in 1077, he appointed his childhood friend governor of Pegu. Lu proved an ineffective ruler, and over time, Yamankan became convinced that he could successfully break away. He wanted independence for his Mon homeland, which was conquered by Anawrahta only in 1057.
In 1084, Yamankan had a fallout with Lu, and raised a rebellion. He sailed up the Irrawaddy river with his army, and took a position on an island a few miles below Pagan. Lu recalled Kyansittha from exile, and gave him the command of Pagan army.[1] They marched south and halted near Myingun (near Magwe). Yamankan's army was stationed at Thayet. Lu was impatient and against Kyansittha's warning, attacked. But Yamankan had expected such an attack and prepared his positions well. Lu's army was routed and the king was taken prisoner.[2]
Yamankan executed Lu after Kyansittha tried to rescue Lu. (Ironically, the rescue attempt was foiled by Lu who alerted the guards that he was being rescued. The captive king trusted his childhood friend and captor Yamankan more than his brother Kyansittha.) Yamankan himself was ambushed by the sniper bow-shot of Nga Sin the hunter and died.[2]
Governorshipedit
Although the royal chronicles say he was governor of Pegu,[3] the earliest evidence of Pegu as a place dates only to 1266,[4] about two centuries later than when Yamankan was supposed to have been governor. Furthermore, at least one 18th century Mon language chronicle says the first governor of Pegu in the Pagan period was appointed only in 1273/74.[note 2]
Notesedit
^(Htin Aung 1967: 38–39): The name Yamankan literally means "Karma" (Yaman or Raman means Mon, and Kan means Karma.) It was an insulting name given by the Burmese chronicles for his rebellion. His real personal name is lost to history.)
^(Phayre 1873: 41) and (Schmidt 1906: 113): The chronicle Slapat Rajawan says that Pegu was in desolate wilderness for many centuries, and that the king of Pagan appointed a governor Akhamaman, who later proclaimed himself king in 635 ME (28 March 1273 to 28 March 1274). However, Phayre cautioned that the dates in the chronicle "are not to be depended upon". (Pan Hla 2005: 28–29) says that Akhamaman became king of Pegu in 647 ME (28 March 1285 to 28 March 1286). The 1273/74 date may have been Akhamaman's appointment as governor.
Aung-Thwin, Michael A. (2005). The Mists of Rāmañña: The Legend that was Lower Burma (illustrated ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN9780824828868.
Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
Htin Aung, Maung (1967). A History of Burma. New York and London: Cambridge University Press.
Pan Hla, Nai (1968). Razadarit Ayedawbon (in Burmese) (8th printing, 2005 ed.). Yangon: Armanthit Sarpay.
Schmidt, P.W. (1906). "Slapat des Ragawan der Königsgeschichte". Die äthiopischen Handschriften der K.K. Hofbibliothek zu Wien (in German). Vienna: Alfred Hölder. 151.
yamankan, burmese, ငရမန, ကန, pronounced, ŋə, jəmàɰ, ɡáɰ, 1039, 1084, governor, pegu, bago, from, 1077, 1084, raised, unsuccessful, rebellion, against, pagan, dynasty, nearly, succeeded, captured, killed, driven, upper, burma, half, brother, kyansittha, killed,. Nga Yamankan Burmese ငရမန ကန pronounced ŋe jemaɰ ɡaɰ c 1039 1084 was Governor of Pegu Bago from 1077 to 1084 who raised an unsuccessful rebellion against Saw Lu of Pagan Dynasty He nearly succeeded He captured and killed Lu But he was driven out of Upper Burma by Lu s half brother Kyansittha and was killed while in retreat Yamankan ရမန ကန Governor of PeguReign1077 1084Bornc 1039Pagan Bagan Died1084Ywatha near Myingyan ReligionTheravada BuddhismThis article contains Burmese script Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols instead of Burmese script Contents 1 Early life 2 Governorship 3 Notes 4 References 5 BibliographyEarly life editYamankan an ethnic Mon was raised in Pagan at the court of King Anawrahta His mother who was of noble birth was Anawrahta s son Lu s wet nurse 1 his posthumous name Yamankan note 1 He and Lu grew up together at the Pagan court and became close friends When Lu became in king in 1077 he appointed his childhood friend governor of Pegu Lu proved an ineffective ruler and over time Yamankan became convinced that he could successfully break away He wanted independence for his Mon homeland which was conquered by Anawrahta only in 1057 In 1084 Yamankan had a fallout with Lu and raised a rebellion He sailed up the Irrawaddy river with his army and took a position on an island a few miles below Pagan Lu recalled Kyansittha from exile and gave him the command of Pagan army 1 They marched south and halted near Myingun near Magwe Yamankan s army was stationed at Thayet Lu was impatient and against Kyansittha s warning attacked But Yamankan had expected such an attack and prepared his positions well Lu s army was routed and the king was taken prisoner 2 Yamankan executed Lu after Kyansittha tried to rescue Lu Ironically the rescue attempt was foiled by Lu who alerted the guards that he was being rescued The captive king trusted his childhood friend and captor Yamankan more than his brother Kyansittha Yamankan himself was ambushed by the sniper bow shot of Nga Sin the hunter and died 2 Governorship editAlthough the royal chronicles say he was governor of Pegu 3 the earliest evidence of Pegu as a place dates only to 1266 4 about two centuries later than when Yamankan was supposed to have been governor Furthermore at least one 18th century Mon language chronicle says the first governor of Pegu in the Pagan period was appointed only in 1273 74 note 2 Notes edit Htin Aung 1967 38 39 The name Yamankan literally means Karma Yaman or Raman means Mon and Kan means Karma It was an insulting name given by the Burmese chronicles for his rebellion His real personal name is lost to history Phayre 1873 41 and Schmidt 1906 113 The chronicle Slapat Rajawan says that Pegu was in desolate wilderness for many centuries and that the king of Pagan appointed a governor Akhamaman who later proclaimed himself king in 635 ME 28 March 1273 to 28 March 1274 However Phayre cautioned that the dates in the chronicle are not to be depended upon Pan Hla 2005 28 29 says that Akhamaman became king of Pegu in 647 ME 28 March 1285 to 28 March 1286 The 1273 74 date may have been Akhamaman s appointment as governor References edit a b Htin Aung 1967 38 39 a b Harvey 1925 34 36 Hmannan Vol 1 2003 274 Aung Thwin 2005 59Bibliography editAung Thwin Michael A 2005 The Mists of Ramanna The Legend that was Lower Burma illustrated ed Honolulu University of Hawai i Press ISBN 9780824828868 Harvey G E 1925 History of Burma From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824 London Frank Cass amp Co Ltd Htin Aung Maung 1967 A History of Burma New York and London Cambridge University Press Pan Hla Nai 1968 Razadarit Ayedawbon in Burmese 8th printing 2005 ed Yangon Armanthit Sarpay Phayre Major General Sir Arthur P 1873 The History of Pegu Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Calcutta 42 23 57 120 159 Schmidt P W 1906 Slapat des Ragawan der Konigsgeschichte Die athiopischen Handschriften der K K Hofbibliothek zu Wien in German Vienna Alfred Holder 151 YamankanPagan DynastyBorn c 1039 Died 1084Royal titlesPreceded by Governor of Peguc 1077 1084 Succeeded by Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Yamankan amp oldid 1038932430, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
