The Yakovlev UT-1 was designed as a single-seater advanced trainer and aerobatic airplane by the team led by Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev. The first prototype, designated the AIR-14, was flown in early 1936.[1] The AIR-14 was a small low-winged monoplane with a fixed tailwheel undercarriage, with a welded steel fuselage and wooden wings.
After some changes, the AIR-14 was accepted for production. Among other improvements, the 75 kW (100 hp) Shvetsov M-11radial was changed to the more powerful 86 kW (115 hp) M-11G. The plane received the designation UT-1 (uchebno-trenirovochnyi {учебно-тренировочный}, primary/advanced trainer); despite this designation, it was not suitable for primary training.
The UT-1 was used as a transitional type between the UT-2 and fighters like the I-16. It was not easy to fly, requiring precise piloting, thus forming an ideal intermediate between basic trainers and the maneuverable but difficult-to-fly I-16. In 1939 the plane was modified by moving the engine 26 cm (10 in) forward, which improved its handling. During production, the 112 kW (150 hp) M-11E engine was also used. Soviet pilots broke several records with the UT-1 before World War II, some with its floatplane variant. In total, 1,241 aircraft were built between December 1936 and 1940.[1]
Germans inspecting UT-1
During World War II, from 1941, the UT-1 was also used for reconnaissance. Some were used as improvised combat machines, after fitting with underwing machine guns or even two unguided rockets. In February 1942, about 50 UT-1 were converted in workshops as improvised UT-1B (УТ-1б) ground-attack planes, fitted with two machine guns and two-four rockets. They were next used in Black Sea Fleet aviation in Sevastopol and Caucasus. The survivors were disarmed in December 1942.
Variants
There were a large number of variants, the most numerous or noteworthy were:
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yakovlev UT-1.
Gordon, Yefim. (1989). OKB Yakovlev. London: Ian Allan. pp. 36 to 45.
Gunston, Bill (1995). The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875-1995. London: Osprey.
January 06, 2023
yakovlev, russian, Яковлев, УТ, single, seater, trainer, aircraft, used, soviet, force, from, 1937, until, late, 1940s, 1role, trainer, fighter, trainer, aerobaticnational, origin, soviet, unionmanufacturer, yakovlevdesigner, alexander, sergeyevich, yakovlevfi. The Yakovlev UT 1 Russian Yakovlev UT 1 was a single seater trainer aircraft used by the Soviet Air Force from 1937 until the late 1940s UT 1Yakovlev UT 1Role Trainer fighter trainer aerobaticNational origin Soviet UnionManufacturer YakovlevDesigner Alexander Sergeyevich YakovlevFirst flight 1936Number built 1 241 Contents 1 Development 2 Variants 3 Operators 4 Specifications UT 1 with M 11Ye 5 See also 6 Notes 7 ReferencesDevelopment EditThe Yakovlev UT 1 was designed as a single seater advanced trainer and aerobatic airplane by the team led by Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev The first prototype designated the AIR 14 was flown in early 1936 1 The AIR 14 was a small low winged monoplane with a fixed tailwheel undercarriage with a welded steel fuselage and wooden wings After some changes the AIR 14 was accepted for production Among other improvements the 75 kW 100 hp Shvetsov M 11 radial was changed to the more powerful 86 kW 115 hp M 11G The plane received the designation UT 1 uchebno trenirovochnyi uchebno trenirovochnyj primary advanced trainer despite this designation it was not suitable for primary training The UT 1 was used as a transitional type between the UT 2 and fighters like the I 16 It was not easy to fly requiring precise piloting thus forming an ideal intermediate between basic trainers and the maneuverable but difficult to fly I 16 In 1939 the plane was modified by moving the engine 26 cm 10 in forward which improved its handling During production the 112 kW 150 hp M 11E engine was also used Soviet pilots broke several records with the UT 1 before World War II some with its floatplane variant In total 1 241 aircraft were built between December 1936 and 1940 1 Germans inspecting UT 1 During World War II from 1941 the UT 1 was also used for reconnaissance Some were used as improvised combat machines after fitting with underwing machine guns or even two unguided rockets In February 1942 about 50 UT 1 were converted in workshops as improvised UT 1B UT 1b ground attack planes fitted with two machine guns and two four rockets They were next used in Black Sea Fleet aviation in Sevastopol and Caucasus The survivors were disarmed in December 1942 Variants EditThere were a large number of variants the most numerous or noteworthy were AIR 14 Prototype of UT 1 AIR 18 UT 1 with a 104 kW 140 hp Renault Bengali 4 inline engine and closed canopy retractable undercarriage AIR 21 Ya 21 UT 21 UT 1 with 164 kW 220 hp Renault Bengali 6 engine tested in 1938 39 fixed undercarriage UT 1B Wartime attack version with two ShKAS machine guns and two or four RS 82 rockets UT 1E UT 1 15 For tests at TsAGI sometimes confused with AIR 15 which was not a variant of UT 1 UT 1 Floatplane with M 11Ye engine which later became standard in the majority of UT 1 s Operators Edit Soviet UnionSoviet Air Force Soviet Naval Aviation ChinaChinese Nationalist Air ForceSpecifications UT 1 with M 11Ye EditData from Gordon 2005 and Gunston 1995General characteristicsCrew one Length 5 75 m 18 ft 10 in Wingspan 7 3 m 23 ft 11 in Height 2 34 m 7 ft 8 in Wing area 9 58 m2 103 sq ft Empty weight 429 kg 946 lb Gross weight 597 5 kg 1 317 5 lb Powerplant 1 Shvetsov M 11Ye 111 kW 150 hp Performance Maximum speed 257 km h 160 mph 140 kn Range 670 km 419 mi 364 nmi Service ceiling 7 120 m 23 360 ft Rate of climb 7 4 m s 1 457 ft min Armament Guns 2 x 7 62mm ShKAS machine guns Attack version Rockets 2 or 4 x RS 82 Raketniy Snaryad rocket shell Attack Version See also EditRelated development Yakovlev UT 2Related lists List of interwar military aircraftNotes Edit a b Gunston 1995 457References Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yakovlev UT 1 Gordon Yefim 1989 OKB Yakovlev London Ian Allan pp 36 to 45 Gunston Bill 1995 The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875 1995 London Osprey Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Yakovlev UT 1 amp oldid 1112892231, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
