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Wikipedia

Xenoracism

January 01, 1970

Xenoracism is a form of prejudice that resembles racism but is exhibited by members of a racial group towards other members of it, or it is exhibited towards members of an otherwise mostly indistinguishable racial group which may have no phenotypical differences but is perceived as being alien, foreign, other, or culturally inferior.[1][2][3]

Origins and evolution edit

The term has been coined by race and racism scholar Ambalavaner Sivanandan and expanded on by other scholars like Liz Fekete.[1][4] Sivanandan defined it in his 2001 article Poverty is a New Black as "xenophobia that bears all marks of the old racism, except that it is not colour coded. It is racism in substance, though xeno in form."[1][5][6] Fekete expanded the term to describe Islamophobia in Europe, suggesting that the same phenomenon affects communities that have settled in Europe for decades and have been previously more integrated, but whose members are now seen as foreigners, though scholars are still discussing whether this term should indeed apply to wider context.[1][4]

Usage edit

The term xenoracism has been used to describe racism experienced by white Eastern European economic migrants in Western Europe at the turn of the 21st century, following the fall of communism and EU enlargement.[1][2][7][4] Among others, this term has been used to describe the discriminatory treatment of Poles in the United Kingdom[5][7] as well as Romanichal in the United Kingdom[8] or West Africans in Italy.[9] The term has also been used to describe older phenomena, such as the discrimination against Irish people in the United Kingdom.[10] Additionally, it has been suggested that this term is similar to and overlaps with historical and modern anti-semitism and Islamophobia.[1][11]

Other groups commonly affected, in addition to immigrants, are refugees, asylum seekers, and other displaced people,[3][12] though some scholars think that racism against such groups may merit a different term.[4]

The concept has also been used in the analysis of the racism in the United States.[13]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f John S. McCoy (14 June 2018). Protecting Multiculturalism: Muslims, Security, and Integration in Canada. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 48–50. ISBN 978-0-7735-5417-7.
  2. ^ a b Mary Dickins (1 February 2014). A - Z of Inclusion in Early Childhood. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). pp. 188–. ISBN 978-0-335-24679-3.
  3. ^ a b Masocha, Shepard; Simpson, Murray K. (February 2011). "Xenoracism: Towards a Critical Understanding of the Construction of Asylum Seekers and its Implications for Social Work Practice". Practice. 23 (1): 5–18. doi:10.1080/09503153.2010.536211. ISSN 0950-3153. S2CID 72281852.
  4. ^ a b c d Mike Cole (18 November 2011). Education, Equality and Human Rights: Issues of gender, 'race', sexuality, disability and social class. Routledge. pp. 94–95. ISBN 978-1-136-58098-7.
  5. ^ a b Raymond Taras (30 June 2012). Xenophobia and Islamophobia in Europe. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 74–. ISBN 978-0-7486-5489-5.
  6. ^ Sivanandan, A. (2001-10-01). "Poverty is the New Black". Race & Class. 43 (2): 1–5. doi:10.1177/0306396801432001. ISSN 0306-3968. S2CID 143101370.
  7. ^ a b Rzepnikowska, Alina (2019-01-02). "Racism and xenophobia experienced by Polish migrants in the UK before and after Brexit vote". Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 45 (1): 61–77. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2018.1451308. ISSN 1369-183X. S2CID 150325026.
  8. ^ Searle, Chris (2017-07-01). "Xeno-racism and the scourge of Roma school exclusion". Race & Class. 59 (1): 73–83. doi:10.1177/0306396817701671. ISSN 0306-3968. S2CID 149129552.
  9. ^ Kuijpers, Lisa (2016-08-26). "The Outsiders. West African migrants and xeno-racism in northern Italy". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  10. ^ Vic George; Robert M. Page (19 November 2004). Global Social Problems. Polity. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-7456-2951-3.
  11. ^ Barbara Franz (13 August 2015). Immigrant Youth, Hip Hop, and Online Games: Alternative Approaches to the Inclusion of Working-Class and Second Generation Migrant Teens. Lexington Books. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-4985-0093-7.
  12. ^ Fekete, Liz (2001-10-01). "The Emergence of Xeno-Racism". Race & Class. 43 (2): 23–40. doi:10.1177/0306396801432003. ISSN 0306-3968. S2CID 144936793.
  13. ^ Lee, Kyoo (2014). "Xenoracism and Double Whiteness: How Ben Franklin, 'True-blue English/First American,' Still Confuses Us". Critical Philosophy of Race. 2 (1): 46–67. doi:10.5325/critphilrace.2.1.0046. ISSN 2165-8684. JSTOR 10.5325/critphilrace.2.1.0046.

January 01, 1970
xenoracism, form, prejudice, that, resembles, racism, exhibited, members, racial, group, towards, other, members, exhibited, towards, members, otherwise, mostly, indistinguishable, racial, group, which, have, phenotypical, differences, perceived, being, alien,. Xenoracism is a form of prejudice that resembles racism but is exhibited by members of a racial group towards other members of it or it is exhibited towards members of an otherwise mostly indistinguishable racial group which may have no phenotypical differences but is perceived as being alien foreign other or culturally inferior 1 2 3 Contents 1 Origins and evolution 2 Usage 3 See also 4 ReferencesOrigins and evolution editThe term has been coined by race and racism scholar Ambalavaner Sivanandan and expanded on by other scholars like Liz Fekete 1 4 Sivanandan defined it in his 2001 article Poverty is a New Black as xenophobia that bears all marks of the old racism except that it is not colour coded It is racism in substance though xeno in form 1 5 6 Fekete expanded the term to describe Islamophobia in Europe suggesting that the same phenomenon affects communities that have settled in Europe for decades and have been previously more integrated but whose members are now seen as foreigners though scholars are still discussing whether this term should indeed apply to wider context 1 4 Usage editThe term xenoracism has been used to describe racism experienced by white Eastern European economic migrants in Western Europe at the turn of the 21st century following the fall of communism and EU enlargement 1 2 7 4 Among others this term has been used to describe the discriminatory treatment of Poles in the United Kingdom 5 7 as well as Romanichal in the United Kingdom 8 or West Africans in Italy 9 The term has also been used to describe older phenomena such as the discrimination against Irish people in the United Kingdom 10 Additionally it has been suggested that this term is similar to and overlaps with historical and modern anti semitism and Islamophobia 1 11 Other groups commonly affected in addition to immigrants are refugees asylum seekers and other displaced people 3 12 though some scholars think that racism against such groups may merit a different term 4 The concept has also been used in the analysis of the racism in the United States 13 See also editAnti Polish sentiment Economic discrimination Reverse racism Xenophobia Black PowerReferences edit a b c d e f John S McCoy 14 June 2018 Protecting Multiculturalism Muslims Security and Integration in Canada McGill Queen s University Press pp 48 50 ISBN 978 0 7735 5417 7 a b Mary Dickins 1 February 2014 A Z of Inclusion in Early Childhood McGraw Hill Education UK pp 188 ISBN 978 0 335 24679 3 a b Masocha Shepard Simpson Murray K February 2011 Xenoracism Towards a Critical Understanding of the Construction of Asylum Seekers and its Implications for Social Work Practice Practice 23 1 5 18 doi 10 1080 09503153 2010 536211 ISSN 0950 3153 S2CID 72281852 a b c d Mike Cole 18 November 2011 Education Equality and Human Rights Issues of gender race sexuality disability and social class Routledge pp 94 95 ISBN 978 1 136 58098 7 a b Raymond Taras 30 June 2012 Xenophobia and Islamophobia in Europe Edinburgh University Press pp 74 ISBN 978 0 7486 5489 5 Sivanandan A 2001 10 01 Poverty is the New Black Race amp Class 43 2 1 5 doi 10 1177 0306396801432001 ISSN 0306 3968 S2CID 143101370 a b Rzepnikowska Alina 2019 01 02 Racism and xenophobia experienced by Polish migrants in the UK before and after Brexit vote Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 45 1 61 77 doi 10 1080 1369183X 2018 1451308 ISSN 1369 183X S2CID 150325026 Searle Chris 2017 07 01 Xeno racism and the scourge of Roma school exclusion Race amp Class 59 1 73 83 doi 10 1177 0306396817701671 ISSN 0306 3968 S2CID 149129552 Kuijpers Lisa 2016 08 26 The Outsiders West African migrants and xeno racism in northern Italy a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Vic George Robert M Page 19 November 2004 Global Social Problems Polity p 167 ISBN 978 0 7456 2951 3 Barbara Franz 13 August 2015 Immigrant Youth Hip Hop and Online Games Alternative Approaches to the Inclusion of Working Class and Second Generation Migrant Teens Lexington Books p 7 ISBN 978 1 4985 0093 7 Fekete Liz 2001 10 01 The Emergence of Xeno Racism Race amp Class 43 2 23 40 doi 10 1177 0306396801432003 ISSN 0306 3968 S2CID 144936793 Lee Kyoo 2014 Xenoracism and Double Whiteness How Ben Franklin True blue English First American Still Confuses Us Critical Philosophy of Race 2 1 46 67 doi 10 5325 critphilrace 2 1 0046 ISSN 2165 8684 JSTOR 10 5325 critphilrace 2 1 0046 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Xenoracism amp oldid 1143726254, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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