Hawthorne was born in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England, the son of a civil engineer from Belfast. He had two younger brothers, John and Edward. He was educated at Westminster School, London, then read mathematics and engineering at Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating in 1934 with a double first. He spent two years as a graduate apprentice with Babcock & Wilcox Ltd, then went to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, MA, where his research on laminar and turbulent flames earned him a ScD two years later. In 1939 he married Barbara Runkle (d. 1992, granddaughter of MIT's second President John Daniel Runkle), and they had one son and two daughters.
After MIT, he returned to Babcock & Wilcox. In 1940, he joined the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough. He was seconded from there to Power Jets Ltd at Lutterworth, where he worked with Frank Whittle on combustion chamber development for the jet engine. Building on his work on the mixing of fuel and air in flames at MIT, he derived the mixture for fast combustion; the chambers produced by his team were used in the first British jet aircraft.
In 1941, he returned to Farnborough as head of the newly formed Gas Turbine Division and in 1944 he was sent for a time to Washington to work with the British Air Commission. In 1945, he became deputy director of Engine Research in the British Ministry of Supply before returning to America a year later as an associate professor of engineering at MIT. He was appointed George Westinghouse Professor of Mechanical Engineering there at the age of 35, and in 1951 returned to Cambridge, UK as the first Hopkinson and Imperial Chemical Industries Professor of Applied Thermodynamics (1951–1980). Hawthorne's most outstanding work at Cambridge was in the understanding of loss mechanisms in turbomachinery, and during his time as Head of department he and Professor John Horlock (later Vice-Chancellor of the Open University) established the Turbomachinery Laboratory.
The oil shortage following the Suez Crisis and Hawthorne's interest in energy matters led to his invention and development of Dracone flexible barges for transporting oil, fresh water, or other liquids. (The name Dracone is allegedly a reference to Frank Herbert's Dragon in the Sea science fiction novel which featured this kind of tanker.[1]) Hawthorne was active on many committees and advisory bodies concerned with energy matters, in particular the Advisory Council on Energy Conservation, of which he was chairman from its inception in 1974.
Hawthorne was elected to the fellowship of the Royal Society in 1955,[2] and was knighted in 1970. He became Head of the Department of Engineering in Cambridge in 1968 and was appointed Master of Churchill College, Cambridge in the same year (1968–1983).
President of the Pentacle Club from 1970 to 1990, Hawthorne was well known for performing magic, and is remembered to this day by the kitchen staff at Churchill College as 'the man who made cheese rolls come out from behind his ears'.
^Greitzer, E. M.; Newland, D. E. (2019). "Sir William Rede Hawthorne. 22 May 1913—16 September 2011". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2017.0036
william, hawthorne, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, februar. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources William Hawthorne news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message Sir William Rede Hawthorne CBE FRS FREng FIMECHE FRAES 22 May 1913 16 September 2011 was a British professor of engineering who worked on the development of the jet engine Bragg Hawthorne equation is named after him Sir William HawthorneCBE FRS FREng FIMECHE FRAES2nd Master of Churchill College CambridgeIn office 1968 1983Preceded bySir John CockcroftSucceeded bySir Hermann BondiPersonal detailsBorn 1913 05 02 2 May 1913Newcastle upon Tyne England UKDied16 September 2011 2011 09 16 aged 98 Alma materTrinity College Cambridge BA Massachusetts Institute of Technology ScD Life editHawthorne was born in Newcastle upon Tyne England the son of a civil engineer from Belfast He had two younger brothers John and Edward He was educated at Westminster School London then read mathematics and engineering at Trinity College Cambridge graduating in 1934 with a double first He spent two years as a graduate apprentice with Babcock amp Wilcox Ltd then went to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT in Cambridge MA where his research on laminar and turbulent flames earned him a ScD two years later In 1939 he married Barbara Runkle d 1992 granddaughter of MIT s second President John Daniel Runkle and they had one son and two daughters After MIT he returned to Babcock amp Wilcox In 1940 he joined the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough He was seconded from there to Power Jets Ltd at Lutterworth where he worked with Frank Whittle on combustion chamber development for the jet engine Building on his work on the mixing of fuel and air in flames at MIT he derived the mixture for fast combustion the chambers produced by his team were used in the first British jet aircraft In 1941 he returned to Farnborough as head of the newly formed Gas Turbine Division and in 1944 he was sent for a time to Washington to work with the British Air Commission In 1945 he became deputy director of Engine Research in the British Ministry of Supply before returning to America a year later as an associate professor of engineering at MIT He was appointed George Westinghouse Professor of Mechanical Engineering there at the age of 35 and in 1951 returned to Cambridge UK as the first Hopkinson and Imperial Chemical Industries Professor of Applied Thermodynamics 1951 1980 Hawthorne s most outstanding work at Cambridge was in the understanding of loss mechanisms in turbomachinery and during his time as Head of department he and Professor John Horlock later Vice Chancellor of the Open University established the Turbomachinery Laboratory The oil shortage following the Suez Crisis and Hawthorne s interest in energy matters led to his invention and development of Dracone flexible barges for transporting oil fresh water or other liquids The name Dracone is allegedly a reference to Frank Herbert s Dragon in the Sea science fiction novel which featured this kind of tanker 1 Hawthorne was active on many committees and advisory bodies concerned with energy matters in particular the Advisory Council on Energy Conservation of which he was chairman from its inception in 1974 Hawthorne was elected to the fellowship of the Royal Society in 1955 2 and was knighted in 1970 He became Head of the Department of Engineering in Cambridge in 1968 and was appointed Master of Churchill College Cambridge in the same year 1968 1983 President of the Pentacle Club from 1970 to 1990 Hawthorne was well known for performing magic and is remembered to this day by the kitchen staff at Churchill College as the man who made cheese rolls come out from behind his ears Notes edit 乐虎国际官网页 手机登录 Greitzer E M Newland D E 2019 Sir William Rede Hawthorne 22 May 1913 16 September 2011 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society doi org 10 1098 rsbm 2017 0036External links editThe Papers of Sir William Hawthorne held at Churchill Archives Centre Churchill CollegeAcademic officesPreceded byNew position Hopkinson and Imperial Chemical Industries Professor of Applied Thermodynamics Cambridge University1951 1980 Succeeded byJohn Arthur ShercliffPreceded bySir John Cockcroft Master of Churchill College Cambridge1968 1983 Succeeded bySir Hermann Bondi Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title William Hawthorne amp oldid 1218391658, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
