William Hawes (28 November 1736 – 5 December 1808) was an English physician and philanthropist, and one of the founders of the Royal Humane Society. He worked to spread the practice of resuscitation, and to relieve poverty in East London.
William Hawes was born in Islington, London, on 28 November 1736, and was first educated at John Shield's academy, and afterwards at St Paul's School, London.[1] After passing some time as an apprentice of Mr. Robert Carsan, a medical practitioner of Vauxhall, he became assistant to a Mr. Dicks in the Strand and eventually succeeded him in his practice.[2]
Around 1773, Hawes became well known as a campaigner for the possibility of resuscitating persons apparently dead from drowning, or other causes of asphyxia. For a year he offered a reward to anyone who brought to him, or his supporters, the body of a person who had been taken out of the River Thames unconscious, within a reasonable time after immersion. The reward was paid whether the attempt to resuscitate proved successful or not. Thomas Cogan, who translated in 1773 an account of an Amsterdam society for the resuscitation of the apparently drowned, thought that Hawes should not pay all the rewards, and it was arranged in 1774 that he and Cogan should each bring 15 friends to the Chapter Coffeehouse on Paternoster Row to consider further operations.[2] This was done, and at the meeting the "The Institution for affording immediate relief to persons apparently dead from drowning" was formed, later renamed the Humane Society, and acquiring the "Royal" prefix in 1787. In the following years, Hawes worked as the organisation's secretary, registrar and treasurer.[1]
In 1779 Hawes received his MD degree from Marischal College, Aberdeen, in 1779.[1] Hawes was also physician to the London Dispensary. From 1791, he lived in Spital Square, and in 1793 worked to alleviate the distress which then was found among the Spitalfields weavers. He died on 5 December 1808.[2] He was buried at St Mary's Churchyard, Islington on 13 December 1808.[3]
An Account of Dr. Goldsmith's Illness, 1774. Oliver Goldsmith had consulated Hawes as apothecary, but against his advice continued to self-medicate with Dr James's "fever powder".[4]
An Examination of the Rev. John Wesley's Primitive Physic, 1776; 3rd ed. 1780.
An Address on Premature Death and Premature Interment, 1777.
An Address to the Public on the Dangerous Custom of laying out persons as soon as Respiration ceases, with a Reply by W. Renwick, and Observations on that Reply, 1778.
An Address to the Legislature on the importance of a Humane Society, 1781.
An Address to the King and Parliament of Great Britain on the important subject of preserving the Lives of its Inhabitants, 1782; 3rd ed., with Observations on the General Bills of Mortality, 1783.
The Transactions of the Royal Humane Society from 1774 to 1784, with an Appendix of Miscellaneous Observations on Suspended Animation to the year 1794.
Familyedit
Hawes married Sarah Fox (1740–1814) in 1759; they had nine children, including:[1]
Sophia (bap. 1762, died 1828), married in 1790 Russell Scott (1761–1833), a nonconformist minister in Portsmouth and brother of Mary Scott.[1][5] Their daughter Sophia Russell Scott married her first cousin John Edward Taylor, son of Mary Scott and founder of the Manchester Guardian; and her brother Russell (1810–1880) was father of C. P. Scott, editor of The Guardian.[6][7]
The eldest son, Thomas (bap. 1765, died 1849), a magistrate, was partner with his brother Benjamin in the soapworks at the New Barge House, Lambeth.[8]
Maria, or Mary Ann (bap. 1767, died 1849), married in 1797 John Gurney.[1][9]
^ abcdefghijWilliams, Carolyn D. "Hawes, William". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/12648. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^'A Tribute to the Memory of Dr William Hayes', Oxford University and City Herald, 14 January 1809.
^Dussinger, John A. "Goldsmith, Oliver". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/10924. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^Lindsey, Theophilus (2007). G. M. Ditchfield (ed.). The Letters of Theophilus Lindsey (1723–1808) Vol. 1 1747–1788. Boydell Press. p. lxxxiv. ISBN9781843833444.
^Taylor, Geoffrey. "Taylor, John Edward". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27062. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^Wilson, Trevor. "Scott, Charles Prestwich". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/35980. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^Sylvanus Urban (1849). The Gentleman's Magazine. Vol. XXXII. p. 105.
^Pease-Watkin, Catherine. "Gurney, Sir John". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/11767. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
william, hawes, physician, other, people, with, same, name, william, hawes, disambiguation, william, hawes, november, 1736, december, 1808, english, physician, philanthropist, founders, royal, humane, society, worked, spread, practice, resuscitation, relieve, . For other people with the same name see William Hawes disambiguation William Hawes 28 November 1736 5 December 1808 was an English physician and philanthropist and one of the founders of the Royal Humane Society He worked to spread the practice of resuscitation and to relieve poverty in East London William Hawes1802 engraving of Hawes by William RidleyBorn 1736 11 28 28 November 1736London EnglandDied5 December 1808 1808 12 05 aged 72 London EnglandEducationSt Paul s School London Marischal CollegeOccupation s Physician philanthropistKnown forSpreading the practice of resuscitation and co founding the Royal Humane SocietySpouseSarah Fox m 1759 wbr Children9RelativesBenjamin Hawes grandson William Hawes grandson Contents 1 Life 2 Works 3 Family 4 ReferencesLife editWilliam Hawes was born in Islington London on 28 November 1736 and was first educated at John Shield s academy and afterwards at St Paul s School London 1 After passing some time as an apprentice of Mr Robert Carsan a medical practitioner of Vauxhall he became assistant to a Mr Dicks in the Strand and eventually succeeded him in his practice 2 Around 1773 Hawes became well known as a campaigner for the possibility of resuscitating persons apparently dead from drowning or other causes of asphyxia For a year he offered a reward to anyone who brought to him or his supporters the body of a person who had been taken out of the River Thames unconscious within a reasonable time after immersion The reward was paid whether the attempt to resuscitate proved successful or not Thomas Cogan who translated in 1773 an account of an Amsterdam society for the resuscitation of the apparently drowned thought that Hawes should not pay all the rewards and it was arranged in 1774 that he and Cogan should each bring 15 friends to the Chapter Coffeehouse on Paternoster Row to consider further operations 2 This was done and at the meeting the The Institution for affording immediate relief to persons apparently dead from drowning was formed later renamed the Humane Society and acquiring the Royal prefix in 1787 In the following years Hawes worked as the organisation s secretary registrar and treasurer 1 In 1779 Hawes received his MD degree from Marischal College Aberdeen in 1779 1 Hawes was also physician to the London Dispensary From 1791 he lived in Spital Square and in 1793 worked to alleviate the distress which then was found among the Spitalfields weavers He died on 5 December 1808 2 He was buried at St Mary s Churchyard Islington on 13 December 1808 3 Works editHawes authored the following works 2 An Account of Dr Goldsmith s Illness 1774 Oliver Goldsmith had consulated Hawes as apothecary but against his advice continued to self medicate with Dr James s fever powder 4 An Examination of the Rev John Wesley s Primitive Physic 1776 3rd ed 1780 An Address on Premature Death and Premature Interment 1777 An Address to the Public on the Dangerous Custom of laying out persons as soon as Respiration ceases with a Reply by W Renwick and Observations on that Reply 1778 An Address to the Legislature on the importance of a Humane Society 1781 An Address to the King and Parliament of Great Britain on the important subject of preserving the Lives of its Inhabitants 1782 3rd ed with Observations on the General Bills of Mortality 1783 The Transactions of the Royal Humane Society from 1774 to 1784 with an Appendix of Miscellaneous Observations on Suspended Animation to the year 1794 Family editHawes married Sarah Fox 1740 1814 in 1759 they had nine children including 1 Harriot bap 1760 1 Sophia bap 1762 died 1828 married in 1790 Russell Scott 1761 1833 a nonconformist minister in Portsmouth and brother of Mary Scott 1 5 Their daughter Sophia Russell Scott married her first cousin John Edward Taylor son of Mary Scott and founder of the Manchester Guardian and her brother Russell 1810 1880 was father of C P Scott editor of The Guardian 6 7 The eldest son Thomas bap 1765 died 1849 a magistrate was partner with his brother Benjamin in the soapworks at the New Barge House Lambeth 8 Maria or Mary Ann bap 1767 died 1849 married in 1797 John Gurney 1 9 Sarah b 1773 1 William b 1774 1 Benjamin 1770 1861 the father of Benjamin Hawes 1797 1862 and William Hawes 1805 1885 1 References edit a b c d e f g h i j Williams Carolyn D Hawes William Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 12648 Subscription or UK public library membership required a b c d Stephen Leslie Lee Sidney eds 1891 Hawes William 1736 1808 Dictionary of National Biography Vol 25 London Smith Elder amp Co A Tribute to the Memory of Dr William Hayes Oxford University and City Herald 14 January 1809 Dussinger John A Goldsmith Oliver Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 10924 Subscription or UK public library membership required Lindsey Theophilus 2007 G M Ditchfield ed The Letters of Theophilus Lindsey 1723 1808 Vol 1 1747 1788 Boydell Press p lxxxiv ISBN 9781843833444 Taylor Geoffrey Taylor John Edward Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 27062 Subscription or UK public library membership required Wilson Trevor Scott Charles Prestwich Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 35980 Subscription or UK public library membership required Sylvanus Urban 1849 The Gentleman s Magazine Vol XXXII p 105 Pease Watkin Catherine Gurney Sir John Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 11767 Subscription or UK public library membership required Attribution nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Stephen Leslie Lee Sidney eds 1891 Hawes William 1736 1808 Dictionary of National Biography Vol 25 London Smith Elder amp Co Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title William Hawes physician amp oldid 1193554227, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
