William H. Brown (shipbuilder)
William H. Brown (June 16, 1803–October 27, 1855) was a 19th-century American shipbuilder. He was well known for building fast and seaworthy yachts, paddle steamers and steamboats. He was one of the first shipbuilders in the country and had his business for more than thirty years having built over 300 vessels. He built the yacht America, which was the first winner of the America's Cup; the paddle steamer SS Arctic; and the sidewheel steamer Pacific, as well as other fine ships.
William H. Brown | |
|---|---|
| Born | June 16, 1803 |
| Died | October 27, 1855 (aged 52) New York City, US |
| Occupation | shipbuilder |
| Spouse | Elizabeth Jennings |
| Children | 2 |
Early life edit
William H. Brown was born in Stamford, Connecticut on June 16, 1803.[1] He was the son of Doctor William H Brown (1766–1813) and Elizabeth Leeds (1771–1851). He came to New York when he was a young man. He married Elizabeth "Eliza" Jennings (1804–1890). They had two children, William Henry Austin Brown (1839–1911) and Arthur J. Brown (1831–1900).
Career edit
Brown was well known for building fast and seaworthy yachts and schooners. He was one of the first shipbuilders in the country and had his business for more than thirty years, building over 300 vessels.[2] Brown was an apprentice at the shipyard of Adam and Noah Brown (no relation). He built towboats and barges for use on the Hudson River. He later established the William H. Brown shipyard at the foot of Twelfth Street, on the East River in New York City.[1]
In 1849, Brown hired George Steers as his chief loftsman at the Brown shipyard. Steers supervised the construction of schooners such as the yacht America.[3]
In 1850, Brown became associated with Edward Knight Collins, the American shipping magnate. He built two vessels for the Collins Line, the Atlantic and Arctic. The contract was worth almost $1.5 million.[4]
Notable ships edit
America edit
Brown built the racing yacht America in 1850–1851 under contract by a syndicate of New York yachtsmen, including Commodore John Cox Stevens of the New York Yacht Club. Stevens employed the services of Brown and his chief designer, George Steers. On November 15, 1850, Brown wrote a letter to Stevens offering to build him the yacht for $30,000 under the condition that Hamilton Wilkes, as umpire, would make several trial races to decide if she was the fastest vessel in the United States. Stevens later accepted the proposal and the yacht was purchased on June 17, 1851.[3][5]
The America was launched on May 3, 1851, from the Brown shipyard, near Eleventh Street, East River, New York.[6][7]: p95-96 America was the first winner of the America's Cup international sailing trophy.[8] American painter Fitz Henry Lane did marine paintings of the yacht America. The painting "The Yacht America Winning the International Race" was done in 1851.[9]
SS Arctic edit
The SS Arctic was a paddle steamer of the Collins Line, was built by the William H. Brown shipyard and designed by George Steers. She was launched on January 28, 1850, from Brown's yard on New York's East River, before 30,000 spectators. According to a press account, she was "the most stupendous vessel ever constructed in the United States, or the world, since the patriarchal days of Noah." She operated a transatlantic passenger and mail steamship service during the 1850s. She was the largest of a fleet of four, built with the aid of U.S. government subsidies to challenge the transatlantic supremacy of the British-backed Cunard Line. During its four-year period of service, the ship was renowned both for its speed and for the luxury of its accommodation.[10][11]
List of ships edit
Brown built the following ships:
- Kamchatka (1841) sidewheel steamer built for the Russian government[3]
- Empire (1843) steamboat[3]
- Galveston (1845) steamship, 600 tons[12]
- Houston (1845) steamship, 600 tons[12]
- Hendrick Hudson (1845) steamboat, 1200 tons[12]
- Tom Thumb (1845) steamboat, 200 tons[12]
- Brother Jonathan (1845) steamboat, 750 tons, for James Cunningham of Boston[13]
- George Washington (1845) steamboat for the People's Line, 1400 tons[14]
- Isaac Newton (1846) steamboat[15]
- Southerner (1846) for the Charleston line[16]
- Alida (1847) sidewheel steamboat, 1332 tons[17]
- Northerner (1847) for the Charleston line[3]
- Falcon (1848) for the California trade[3]
- New World (ship, 1848) for the Peoples' line, 1312 tons[15]
- Senator (1848) side wheel steamboat[18]
- Crescent City (1849) steamship for the New Orleans service, 1450 tons[19]
- SS Arctic (1850) paddle steamer of the Collins line[3]
- SS Atlantic (1850) sidewheel steamship of the Collins line, 2860 tons[20]
- Boston (1850) for Sanford's line on the coast of Maine[21]
- Pacific (1850) sidewheel steamer owned 3/4 with Vanderbilt partnership
- Independence (1850) steamship, owned under partnership with Vanderbilt
- Sea Bird (1850) steamship, owned under partnership with Vanderbilt
- America (1851) yacht
- Daniel Webster (1851) steamship, owned by Cornelius Vanderbilt[22]
- Golden Age (1853) sidewheel steamship, for the Pacific Mail Steamship Company.[23]
- Aunctioneer
Brown was associated with John Englis. After Brown retired from shipbuilding in 1853, Englis opened his own shipyard at the foot of East 10th Street, New York under his own name.[15]
Death edit
Brown died on October 27, 1855, at the age of 52 at his residence on Second Avenue in New York City.[24] The colors of the shipping industry in the harbor were displayed at half-mast on the 29th in respect of his memory.[25] He was buried at the Fairfield East Cemetery in Fairfield, Connecticut, Connecticut.
Post death edit
Brown had a partnership with Cornelius Vanderbilt in 1851 for the three vessels he built, which were the Pacific, Independence and Sea Bird under the steamship line between New York and San Francisco by way of Nicaragua.[26] On June 10, 1895, a suit against the Vanderbilt was brought by Brown's son, William H. A. Brown, who was the administrator of his estate. The claim was for $2,000,000 when Vanderbilt and Brown were in partnership and built several vessels together. During that time, Vanderbilt used Brown's ships had received profits from them, which he asked the court for an accounting.[27] On August 27, 1899, the suit for millions settled for $5,000.[28]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b "Death of William H. Brown" (PDF). Semi-Weekly Courier And New York Enquirer. New York, New York. November 3, 1855. p. 1. Retrieved 2021-06-26.
- ^ "Forest And Steam". Forest And Stream Publishing Company. New York. 1901. p. 310. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
- ^ a b c d e f g Morrison, John Harrison (1909). History of New York Ship Yards. p. 125. Retrieved 2021-06-26.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Shaw, David W. (2004). America's Victory: The Heroic Story of a Team of Ordinary Americans—And How They Won the Greatest Yacht Race Ever. Sheridan House. pp. 58–59. ISBN 9781574091878. Retrieved 2021-06-26.
- ^ Griswold, Frank Gray (1914). "Stolen Kisses Recollections of Frank Gray Griswold". Privately printed. p. 124. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
- ^ "Launches". New-York Tribune. New York, New York. 6 May 1851. p. 3. Retrieved 2021-06-25.
- ^ Russell, Charles Edward (1929). From Sandy Hook to 62°. New York: Century Co. OCLC 3804485.
- ^ Loubat, Joseph Florimond (1887). A yachtsman's scrap book: or, The ups and downs of yacht racing. New York: Brentano Brothers. p. 3.
- ^ "Fitz Henry Lane's Yacht America from Three views: Vessel Portrait or Artist's Concept by Erik A. R. Ronnberg, Jr" (PDF). fitzhenrylaneonline.org. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
- ^ Brown, Brown; Crosby, Alexander (1962). Women and Children Last. p. 17.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Shaw, David W. (May 6, 2003). The Sea Shall Embrace Them, The Tragic Story of the Steamship Arctic. Free Press. p. 24. ISBN 9780743235037.
- ^ a b c d "W. H. Brown's Yard". New York Daily Herald. New York, New York. 8 Jan 1846. p. 4. Retrieved 2021-06-27.
- ^ "City Intelligence". New York Daily Herald. New York, New York. 14 Nov 1845. p. 2. Retrieved 2021-06-26.
- ^ "Steamboat Launch" (PDF). New York Herald. New York, New York. 1845-12-30. Retrieved 2021-06-26.
- ^ a b c Silka, Henry. Shipbuilding and the Nascent Community of Greenpoint, New York, 1850-1855 (PDF). p. 50. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
- ^ "Steamship Southerner". New York Daily Herald. New York, New York. 8 Jun 1846. p. 2. Retrieved 2021-06-27.
- ^ "Alida (Steamboat, American)". The Mariners' Museum and Park. Retrieved 2021-06-27.
- ^ "Senator (Side-Wheel Steamboat:1848-1882)". The Mariners' Museum and Park. Retrieved 2021-06-27.
- ^ "W. H. Brown's Yard". New York Daily Herald. New York, New York. 4 Jan 1849. p. 2. Retrieved 2021-06-27.
- ^ Hyde, William Lyman (2015). Armed Only with Faith The Civil War Correspondence of Chaplain William Lyman Hyde, 112th New York Infantry. p. 261. ISBN 9780786499915. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ "Magnificent Nautical Demonstration. The Launch of Three Splendid Steamships from one Yard". New York Daily Herald. New York, New York. 29 Jan 1850. p. 1. Retrieved 2021-06-27.
- ^ "Daniel Webster (Steamship:1851)". The Mariners' Museum and Park. Retrieved 2021-06-27.
- ^ "Golden Age (Side-Wheel Steamship:1853-1873)". The Mariners' Museum and Park. Retrieved 2021-06-27.
- ^ "William H. Brown". The Buffalo Commercial. Buffalo, New York. 1 Nov 1855. p. 2. Retrieved 2021-06-26.
- ^ "Later from California, Oregon, China, India, etc". The New Orleans Crescent. New Orleans, Louisiana. 27 Dec 1855. p. 1. Retrieved 2021-06-26.
- ^ "Much At Stake. The Vanderbilt Estate to be Sued For $2,000,000". The Buffalo Enquirer. Buffalo, New York. 10 Jun 1895. p. 2. Retrieved 2021-06-26.
- ^ "Wants $2,000,000 From Vanderbilts". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. 26 Jun 1897. p. 4. Retrieved 2021-06-26.
- ^ "Claim Against Vanderbilts. The Brown Suit for Millions Settled for $5,000". The New York Times. New York, New York. 27 Aug 1899. p. 13. Retrieved 2021-06-27.