fbpx
Wikipedia

Wichí languages

January 19, 2024

The Wichí languages are an indigenous language family spoken by the Wichí in northwestern Argentina and far-southeastern Bolivia, part of the Matacoan family. They are also known as Mataco, Wichi, Wichí Lhamtés, Weenhayek, Noctenes, Matahuayo, Matako, Weʃwo. The name Mataco is common but pejorative.

Wichí
Geographic
distribution		Argentina, Bolivia
Linguistic classificationMatacoan
  • Wichí
Subdivisions
Glottologwich1261
ELPWichí

Status edit

Currently, the Argentine government does not have education in indigenous languages in schools. Because the Wichí have to be fluent in Spanish to access government services, and children are only educated in Spanish, Wichí children only speak Spanish among themselves. This has made all Wichí dialects vulnerable to extinction.[1]

In 2010, the province of Chaco in Argentina declared Wichí as one of four provincial official languages alongside Spanish and the indigenous Moqoit and Qom.[2]

Languages edit

They include the following languages:

The Argentine National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INDEC) gives a figure of 36,135 Wichí speakers in Argentina.[citation needed]

In Rosario, the third biggest city of Argentina, there is a community of about 10,000 Wichí people, all of them fluent in Wichí, and some native speakers. There are a couple of bilingual primary schools.

For Bolivia, Alvarsson estimated between 1,700 and 2,000 speakers in 1988; a census reported 1,912, and Díez Astete & Riester (1996)[3] estimated between 2,300 and 2,600 Weenhayek in sixteen communities.

According to Najlis (1968)[4] and Gordon (2005),[5][pages needed] three main dialects can be distinguished in the Wichí group: southwestern or Vejós (Wehwós), northeastern or Güisnay (Weenhayek) and northwestern or Nocten (Oktenay). Tovar (1981)[6] and other authors claim the existence of only two dialects (northeastern and southwestern), while Braunstein (1992–3)[7] identifies eleven ethnic subgroups.

Wichí languages are predominantly suffixing and polysynthetic; verbal words have between 2 and 15 morphemes. Alienable and inalienable possession is distinguished. The phonological inventory is large, with simple, glottalized and aspirated stops and sonorants. The number of vowels varies with dialect (five or six).

Notes edit

  1. ^ Avram (2008)
  2. ^ Ley No. 6604 de la Provincia de Chaco, 28 de julio de 2010, B.O., (9092), Link 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ Díez Astete & Riester (1996).
  4. ^ Najlis (1968)
  5. ^ Gordon (2005).
  6. ^ Tovar (1981)
  7. ^ Campbell & Grondona (2010), p. 639, citing Braunstein (1992–1993).

References edit

  • Avram, Megan Leigh Zdrojkowski (2008). A Phonological Description of Wichí: The Dialect of Misión La Paz, Salta, Argentina (Master of Arts thesis). Eastern Michigan University. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.841.8674.
  • Braunstein, José (1992–1993). "Presentación esquema provisorio de las tribus chaqueñas". Hacia una Nueva Carta Étnica del Gran Chaco. Vol. 4. Las Lomitas, Formosa: Centro del Hombre Antiguo Chaqueño. pp. 1–8.
  • Campbell, Lyle; Grondona, Verónica (2010). "Who speaks what to whom? Multilingualism and language choice in Misión La Paz". Language in Society. 39 (5): 6167–646. doi:10.1017/S0047404510000631. JSTOR 40925814. S2CID 146771257.
  • Díez Astete, Álvaro; Riester, Jürgen (1996). "Etnias y territorios indígenas". In Mihotek, Kathy (ed.). Comunidades, territorios indígenas y biodiversidad en Bolivia. Santa Cruz de la Sierra: UAGRM-Banco Mundial.[pages needed]
  • Gordon, Raymond G., Jr., ed. (2005). Ethnologue: Languages of the World (15th ed.). Dallas: SIL International.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)[pages needed]
  • Najlis, Elena L. (1968). "Dialectos del Mataco". Anales de la Universidad del Salvador (in Spanish) (4): 232–241.
  • Nercesian, Verónica (2011). "Stress in Wichí (Mataguayan) and its Interaction with the Word Formation Processes" (PDF). Amerindia (35): 75–102. hdl:11336/44222.
  • Nercesian, Verónica (2011b). Gramática del wichí, una lengua chaqueña: Interacción fonología-morfología-sintaxis en el léxico (Doctoral thesis) (in Spanish). University of Buenos Aires.
  • Terraza, Jimena (2009). Grammaire du wichi: phonologie et morphosyntaxe (Doctoral thesis) (in French). Université du Québec à Montréal.
  • Tovar, Antonio (1981). Relatos y diálogos de los Matacos : seguidos de una gramática de su lengua (in Spanish). Madrid: Edita Ediciones Cultura Hispánica del Instituto de Cooperación Iberoamericana. ISBN 84-7232-282-3.

External links edit

January 19, 2024
wichí, languages, indigenous, language, family, spoken, wichí, northwestern, argentina, southeastern, bolivia, part, matacoan, family, they, also, known, mataco, wichi, wichí, lhamtés, weenhayek, noctenes, matahuayo, matako, weʃwo, name, mataco, common, pejora. The Wichi languages are an indigenous language family spoken by the Wichi in northwestern Argentina and far southeastern Bolivia part of the Matacoan family They are also known as Mataco Wichi Wichi Lhamtes Weenhayek Noctenes Matahuayo Matako Weʃwo The name Mataco is common but pejorative WichiGeographicdistributionArgentina BoliviaLinguistic classificationMatacoanWichiSubdivisionsGuisnay NoctenVejozGlottologwich1261ELPWichi Contents 1 Status 2 Languages 3 Notes 4 References 5 External linksStatus editCurrently the Argentine government does not have education in indigenous languages in schools Because the Wichi have to be fluent in Spanish to access government services and children are only educated in Spanish Wichi children only speak Spanish among themselves This has made all Wichi dialects vulnerable to extinction 1 In 2010 the province of Chaco in Argentina declared Wichi as one of four provincial official languages alongside Spanish and the indigenous Moqoit and Qom 2 Languages editThey include the following languages Nokten a k a Nocten Wichi Lhamtes Nocten spoken in Bolivia and Argentina Vejoz a k a Vejo Pilcomayo Bermejo Wichi Lhamtes Vejoz spoken in Argentina and Bolivia Wiznay a k a Guisnay Wichi Lhamtes Guisnay spoken in Argentina The Argentine National Institute of Statistics and Censuses INDEC gives a figure of 36 135 Wichi speakers in Argentina citation needed In Rosario the third biggest city of Argentina there is a community of about 10 000 Wichi people all of them fluent in Wichi and some native speakers There are a couple of bilingual primary schools For Bolivia Alvarsson estimated between 1 700 and 2 000 speakers in 1988 a census reported 1 912 and Diez Astete amp Riester 1996 3 estimated between 2 300 and 2 600 Weenhayek in sixteen communities According to Najlis 1968 4 and Gordon 2005 5 pages needed three main dialects can be distinguished in the Wichi group southwestern or Vejos Wehwos northeastern or Guisnay Weenhayek and northwestern or Nocten Oktenay Tovar 1981 6 and other authors claim the existence of only two dialects northeastern and southwestern while Braunstein 1992 3 7 identifies eleven ethnic subgroups Wichi languages are predominantly suffixing and polysynthetic verbal words have between 2 and 15 morphemes Alienable and inalienable possession is distinguished The phonological inventory is large with simple glottalized and aspirated stops and sonorants The number of vowels varies with dialect five or six Notes edit Avram 2008 Ley No 6604 de la Provincia de Chaco 28 de julio de 2010 B O 9092 Link Archived 2016 03 04 at the Wayback Machine Diez Astete amp Riester 1996 Najlis 1968 Gordon 2005 Tovar 1981 Campbell amp Grondona 2010 p 639 citing Braunstein 1992 1993 References editAvram Megan Leigh Zdrojkowski 2008 A Phonological Description of Wichi The Dialect of Mision La Paz Salta Argentina Master of Arts thesis Eastern Michigan University CiteSeerX 10 1 1 841 8674 Braunstein Jose 1992 1993 Presentacion esquema provisorio de las tribus chaquenas Hacia una Nueva Carta Etnica del Gran Chaco Vol 4 Las Lomitas Formosa Centro del Hombre Antiguo Chaqueno pp 1 8 Campbell Lyle Grondona Veronica 2010 Who speaks what to whom Multilingualism and language choice in Mision La Paz Language in Society 39 5 6167 646 doi 10 1017 S0047404510000631 JSTOR 40925814 S2CID 146771257 Diez Astete Alvaro Riester Jurgen 1996 Etnias y territorios indigenas In Mihotek Kathy ed Comunidades territorios indigenas y biodiversidad en Bolivia Santa Cruz de la Sierra UAGRM Banco Mundial pages needed Gordon Raymond G Jr ed 2005 Ethnologue Languages of the World 15th ed Dallas SIL International a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names editors list link pages needed Najlis Elena L 1968 Dialectos del Mataco Anales de la Universidad del Salvador in Spanish 4 232 241 Nercesian Veronica 2011 Stress in Wichi Mataguayan and its Interaction with the Word Formation Processes PDF Amerindia 35 75 102 hdl 11336 44222 Nercesian Veronica 2011b Gramatica del wichi una lengua chaquena Interaccion fonologia morfologia sintaxis en el lexico Doctoral thesis in Spanish University of Buenos Aires Terraza Jimena 2009 Grammaire du wichi phonologie et morphosyntaxe Doctoral thesis in French Universite du Quebec a Montreal Tovar Antonio 1981 Relatos y dialogos de los Matacos seguidos de una gramatica de su lengua in Spanish Madrid Edita Ediciones Cultura Hispanica del Instituto de Cooperacion Iberoamericana ISBN 84 7232 282 3 External links editArgentinian Languages Collection of Lucia Golluscio containing audio recordings of Wichi at the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America Wichi Intercontinental Dictionary Series Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Wichi languages amp oldid 1193787452, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.