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White-rumped munia

December 17, 2023

The white-rumped munia (Lonchura striata) or white-rumped mannikin, sometimes called striated finch in aviculture, is a small passerine bird from the family of waxbill "finches" (Estrildidae). These are not close relatives of the true finches (Fringillidae) or true sparrows (Passeridae).

White-rumped munia
in Sikkim, India
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Estrildidae
Genus: Lonchura
Species:
L. striata
Binomial name
Lonchura striata
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Core native range in green
Northern populations (see text) not shown
Synonyms
  • Loxia striata Linnaeus, 1766
  • Uroloncha striata (Linnaeus, 1766)

It is native to tropical continental Asia and some adjacent islands, and has been naturalized in some parts of Japan. Its domesticated descendant, the society finch or Bengalese finch, is found worldwide as a pet and a biological model organism.

Taxonomy edit

In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the white-rumped munia in his Ornithologie based on a specimen that he believed had been collected from the Isle de Bourbon (Réunion). The specimen is now assumed to have come from Sri Lanka.[2] He used the French name Le gros-bec de l'Isle de Bourbon and the Latin Coccothraustes Borbonica.[3] Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.[4] When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson.[4] One of these was the white-rumped munia. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name Loxia striata and cited Brisson's work.[5] The specific name striata is Latin for "striated ".[6] This species is now placed in the genus Lonchura that was introduced by the English naturalist William Henry Sykes in 1832.[7]

There are six subspecies:[8]

Medium brown above, except on the face and remiges, buffy below
  • L. s. striata (Linnaeus, 1766) – southern Indian mainland, Sri Lanka
Dark chocolate-brown above, white below

A domesticated hybrid called the society finch, sometimes called Lonchura domestica is said by some sources to have L. s. striata in its ancestry, although other theories suggest contributions from the white-throated munia. The hybrid with numerous variants in plumage are thought to have been established by aviculturists in Japan.[9]

Description edit

The white-rumped munia is approximately 10 to 11 cm in length, with a stubby grey bill and a long black pointed tail. The adults are brown above and on the breast, and lighter below; the rump is white. There is some variation between the subspecies, but the sexes are almost impossible to distinguish in all subspecies; males have a more bulky head and bill.[10]

Habitat and distribution edit

The white-rumped munia is a common resident breeder ranging from the Indian subcontinent to southern China east to Taiwan, and through Southeast Asia south to Sumatra; it frequents open woodland, grassland and scrub, and is well able to adapt to agricultural land use. It is a gregarious bird which feeds mainly on seeds, moving through the undergrowth in groups and sometimes accompanying other birds such as puff-throated babblers (Pellorneum ruficeps). The nest is a large domed grass structure in a tree, bush or grass into which three to eight white eggs are laid.[10][11][12] They are also known to use abandoned nests of Baya weaver. They are often found near water and have been observed feeding on algae. It has been suggested that they obtain protein from their diet of algae often in the species Spirogyra, which grows in paddy fields.[13][14][15]

It is a common and widespread bird across its large range, and is thus not considered a threatened species by the IUCN. In fact, it may locally become a nuisance pest of millets and similar grains. Even the Nicobar Islands subspecies with its limited range seems to be able to cope well with human settlement. As it is a drab-coloured and rather reclusive bird inhabiting dense undergrowth, the white-rumped munia is not necessarily conspicuous even where it occurs in considerable numbers.[1][16][17]

Origin edit

Origin and phylogeny has been obtained. Estrildinae may have originated in India and dispersed thereafter (towards Africa and Pacific Ocean habitats).[18]

Gallery edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b BirdLife International (2016). "Lonchura striata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22719806A94645276. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
  2. ^ Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1968). Check-list of birds of the world. Vol. 14. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 373.
  3. ^ Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés (in French and Latin). Vol. 3. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. pp. 243–244, Plate 13 fig 4. The two stars (**) at the start of the section indicates that Brisson based his description on the examination of a specimen.
  4. ^ a b Allen, J.A. (1910). "Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 28: 317–335. hdl:2246/678.
  5. ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1766). Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (12th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 306.
  6. ^ Jobling, J.A. (2018). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
  7. ^ Sykes, William Henry (1832). "Catalogue of birds of the raptorial and insessorial orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 2 (18): 77–99 [94].
  8. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2018). "Waxbills, parrotfinches, munias, whydahs, Olive Warbler, accentors, pipits". World Bird List Version 8.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
  9. ^ Svanberg, Ingvar (2008). "Towards a cultural history of the Bengalese Finch (Lonchura domestica)". Der Zoologische Garten. 77 (5–6): 334–344. doi:10.1016/j.zoolgart.2008.05.003. ISSN 0044-5169.
  10. ^ a b Grimmett, Richard; Inskipp, Carol, Inskipp, Tim & Byers, Clive (1999): Birds of India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., ISBN 0-691-04910-6
  11. ^ Inskipp, Carol & Inskipp, Tim & Sherub (2000). "The ornithological importance of Thrumshingla National Park, Bhutan" (PDF). Forktail. 14: 147–162.
  12. ^ Singh, A.P. (2002). (PDF). Forktail. 18: 151–153. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-07-25. Retrieved 2009-06-14.
  13. ^ Pillai, NG. "On the food of the Whitebacked Munia Lonchura striata". Newsletter for Birdwatchers. 7 (12): 6–7.
  14. ^ Pillai, N. G. (1968). "The greenalgae, Spirogyra sp., in the diet of the White-backedMunia, Lonchura striata (Linn.)". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 65: 490–491.
  15. ^ Avery, ML. "Diet and breeding seasonality of sharp-tailed munias, Lonchura striata, in Malaysia" (PDF). Auk. 97 (1): 160–166. doi:10.1093/auk/97.1.160.
  16. ^ Bangs, Outram (1932). "Birds of western China obtained by the Kelley-Roosevelts expedition". Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. Ser. 18 (11): 343–379. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.3192.
  17. ^ Sankaran, R. (1991). (PDF). Forktail. 13: 17–22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-28. Retrieved 2009-05-23.
  18. ^ Arnaiz-Villena A, Ruiz-del-Valle V, Gomez-Prieto P, Reguera R, Parga-Lozano C, Serrano-Vela I (2009). "Estrildinae Finches (Aves, Passeriformes) from Africa, South Asia and Australia: a Molecular Phylogeographic Study" (PDF). The Open Ornithology Journal. 2: 29–36. doi:10.2174/1874453200902010029.

External links edit

  •   Media related to Lonchura striata at Wikimedia Commons
  • Species factsheet - BirdLife International

December 17, 2023
white, rumped, munia, white, rumped, munia, lonchura, striata, white, rumped, mannikin, sometimes, called, striated, finch, aviculture, small, passerine, bird, from, family, waxbill, finches, estrildidae, these, close, relatives, true, finches, fringillidae, t. The white rumped munia Lonchura striata or white rumped mannikin sometimes called striated finch in aviculture is a small passerine bird from the family of waxbill finches Estrildidae These are not close relatives of the true finches Fringillidae or true sparrows Passeridae White rumped muniain Sikkim IndiaConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder PasseriformesFamily EstrildidaeGenus LonchuraSpecies L striataBinomial nameLonchura striata Linnaeus 1766 Core native range in greenNorthern populations see text not shownSynonymsLoxia striata Linnaeus 1766 Uroloncha striata Linnaeus 1766 It is native to tropical continental Asia and some adjacent islands and has been naturalized in some parts of Japan Its domesticated descendant the society finch or Bengalese finch is found worldwide as a pet and a biological model organism Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Habitat and distribution 4 Origin 5 Gallery 6 References 7 External linksTaxonomy editIn 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the white rumped munia in his Ornithologie based on a specimen that he believed had been collected from the Isle de Bourbon Reunion The specimen is now assumed to have come from Sri Lanka 2 He used the French name Le gros bec de l Isle de Bourbon and the Latin Coccothraustes Borbonica 3 Although Brisson coined Latin names these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 4 When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson 4 One of these was the white rumped munia Linnaeus included a brief description coined the binomial name Loxia striata and cited Brisson s work 5 The specific name striata is Latin for striated 6 This species is now placed in the genus Lonchura that was introduced by the English naturalist William Henry Sykes in 1832 7 There are six subspecies 8 L s acuticauda Hodgson 1836 northern Indian mainland below c 1 500 metres ASL north through the Himalayas foothills of Bhutan and Nepal to the Dehradun region of Uttarakhand India across to Bangladesh to northern IndochinaMedium brown above except on the face and remiges buffy belowL s striata Linnaeus 1766 southern Indian mainland Sri LankaDark chocolate brown above white belowL s fumigata Walden 1873 Andaman Islands L s semistriata Hume 1874 Car Nicobar and Central Nancowry group Nicobar Islands L s subsquamicollis Baker ECS 1925 Malay Peninsula to southern Indochina L s swinhoei Cabanis 1882 east central and east China TaiwanA domesticated hybrid called the society finch sometimes called Lonchura domestica is said by some sources to have L s striata in its ancestry although other theories suggest contributions from the white throated munia The hybrid with numerous variants in plumage are thought to have been established by aviculturists in Japan 9 Description editThe white rumped munia is approximately 10 to 11 cm in length with a stubby grey bill and a long black pointed tail The adults are brown above and on the breast and lighter below the rump is white There is some variation between the subspecies but the sexes are almost impossible to distinguish in all subspecies males have a more bulky head and bill 10 Habitat and distribution editThe white rumped munia is a common resident breeder ranging from the Indian subcontinent to southern China east to Taiwan and through Southeast Asia south to Sumatra it frequents open woodland grassland and scrub and is well able to adapt to agricultural land use It is a gregarious bird which feeds mainly on seeds moving through the undergrowth in groups and sometimes accompanying other birds such as puff throated babblers Pellorneum ruficeps The nest is a large domed grass structure in a tree bush or grass into which three to eight white eggs are laid 10 11 12 They are also known to use abandoned nests of Baya weaver They are often found near water and have been observed feeding on algae It has been suggested that they obtain protein from their diet of algae often in the species Spirogyra which grows in paddy fields 13 14 15 It is a common and widespread bird across its large range and is thus not considered a threatened species by the IUCN In fact it may locally become a nuisance pest of millets and similar grains Even the Nicobar Islands subspecies with its limited range seems to be able to cope well with human settlement As it is a drab coloured and rather reclusive bird inhabiting dense undergrowth the white rumped munia is not necessarily conspicuous even where it occurs in considerable numbers 1 16 17 Origin editOrigin and phylogeny has been obtained Estrildinae may have originated in India and dispersed thereafter towards Africa and Pacific Ocean habitats 18 Gallery edit nbsp Lonchura striata acuticauda from lower Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary East Sikkim India nbsp Adult L s acuticauda preening after bathing Narendrapur near Kolkata West Bengal India nbsp Adult of unidentified subspecies taking a bath nbsp White rumped Munia using abandoned Baya Weaver Nest near BangaloreReferences edit a b BirdLife International 2016 Lonchura striata IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T22719806A94645276 Retrieved 7 November 2021 Paynter Raymond A Jr ed 1968 Check list of birds of the world Vol 14 Cambridge Massachusetts Museum of Comparative Zoology p 373 Brisson Mathurin Jacques 1760 Ornithologie ou Methode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres sections genres especes amp leurs varietes in French and Latin Vol 3 Paris Jean Baptiste Bauche pp 243 244 Plate 13 fig 4 The two stars at the start of the section indicates that Brisson based his description on the examination of a specimen a b Allen J A 1910 Collation of Brisson s genera of birds with those of Linnaeus Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 28 317 335 hdl 2246 678 Linnaeus Carl 1766 Systema naturae per regna tria natura secundum classes ordines genera species cum characteribus differentiis synonymis locis in Latin Vol 1 Part 1 12th ed Holmiae Stockholm Laurentii Salvii p 306 Jobling J A 2018 del Hoyo J Elliott A Sargatal J Christie D A de Juana E eds Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive Lynx Edicions Retrieved 4 May 2018 Sykes William Henry 1832 Catalogue of birds of the raptorial and insessorial orders systematically arranged observed in the Dukhun Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 2 18 77 99 94 Gill Frank Donsker David eds 2018 Waxbills parrotfinches munias whydahs Olive Warbler accentors pipits World Bird List Version 8 1 International Ornithologists Union Retrieved 2 May 2018 Svanberg Ingvar 2008 Towards a cultural history of the Bengalese Finch Lonchura domestica Der Zoologische Garten 77 5 6 334 344 doi 10 1016 j zoolgart 2008 05 003 ISSN 0044 5169 a b Grimmett Richard Inskipp Carol Inskipp Tim amp Byers Clive 1999 Birds of India Pakistan Nepal Bangladesh Bhutan Sri Lanka and the Maldives Princeton University Press Princeton N J ISBN 0 691 04910 6 Inskipp Carol amp Inskipp Tim amp Sherub 2000 The ornithological importance of Thrumshingla National Park Bhutan PDF Forktail 14 147 162 Singh A P 2002 New and significant records from Dehra Dun valley lower Garhwal Himalayas India PDF Forktail 18 151 153 Archived from the original PDF on 2008 07 25 Retrieved 2009 06 14 Pillai NG On the food of the Whitebacked Munia Lonchura striata Newsletter for Birdwatchers 7 12 6 7 Pillai N G 1968 The greenalgae Spirogyra sp in the diet of the White backedMunia Lonchura striata Linn J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 65 490 491 Avery ML Diet and breeding seasonality of sharp tailed munias Lonchura striata in Malaysia PDF Auk 97 1 160 166 doi 10 1093 auk 97 1 160 Bangs Outram 1932 Birds of western China obtained by the Kelley Roosevelts expedition Field Mus Nat Hist Zool Ser 18 11 343 379 doi 10 5962 bhl title 3192 Sankaran R 1991 An annotated list of the endemic avifauna of the Nicobar islands PDF Forktail 13 17 22 Archived from the original PDF on 2008 08 28 Retrieved 2009 05 23 Arnaiz Villena A Ruiz del Valle V Gomez Prieto P Reguera R Parga Lozano C Serrano Vela I 2009 Estrildinae Finches Aves Passeriformes from Africa South Asia and Australia a Molecular Phylogeographic Study PDF The Open Ornithology Journal 2 29 36 doi 10 2174 1874453200902010029 External links edit nbsp Media related to Lonchura striata at Wikimedia Commons Species factsheet BirdLife International Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title White rumped munia amp oldid 1180461653, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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