Whinburgh and Westfield
Whinburgh and Westfield is a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It covers an area of 7.56 km2 (2.92 sq mi) and had a population of 307 in 134 households at the 2001 census.[1] 10 years later it has a population (including Brakefield Green) of 342 according to the 2011 census.[2] For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of Breckland. The civil parish is located south of the nearby town Dereham and is formed from the two ancient parishes which centred round the churches of St Mary's Whinburgh and St Andrew's Westfield, and until 1894 the churches performed all the functions of local government.[3] Norfolk was a county of small villages and parishes. The County of Norfolk Review Order, 1935, sought to rationalise this, and under this Westfield Parish was 'abolished' and merged with Whinburgh Parish. The name of the resultant parish was not changed from Whinburgh.[3] For many years nothing was done about the parish's name, but on 2 August 1995, at the request of the Parish Council, Breckland Council sealed a 'Notice of the Change of Parish Name' and the parish then became Whinburgh and Westfield.[3]
| Whinburgh and Westfield | |
|---|---|
The road to Whinburgh from Garvestone, the B1135 or Dereham Road | |
Whinburgh and Westfield Location within Norfolk | |
| Area | 7.56 km2 (2.92 sq mi) |
| Population | 342 (2011 census) |
| • Density | 45/km2 (120/sq mi) |
| OS grid reference | TG008092 |
| Civil parish |
|
| District | |
| Shire county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | DEREHAM |
| Postcode district | NR19 |
| Police | Norfolk |
| Fire | Norfolk |
| Ambulance | East of England |
| 52°38′38″N 0°58′04″E / 52.64379°N 0.96783°E | |
Toponymy edit
The name 'Whinburgh' means 'Gorse hill'.[4]
The name 'Westfield' means 'west open land'.[5]
Geography edit
Whinburgh and Westfield civil parish is located approximately 91 miles North East of central London, 14 miles West of central Norwich, 41 miles North of central Ipswich and 47 miles North East of central Cambridge.[6] It is also around 14 miles from the nearest coastline and 57 metres above sea level.[6]
To the left is a picture of a historical map from 1946 showing Whinburgh and Westfield's relative location to surrounding villages. On the map you can identify a railway line running through the parish, this is the thick black line and as well as the railway, minor country roads can be seen and are orange in colour. The nearby village Yaxham is also on the map and the small black boxes and squares along the roads show houses and land that has been built on. The lack of built up area on the map shows that it is not a densely populated or built up area.
Population Structure edit
The population of Whinburgh and Westfield has increased and declined at periods throughout recent history. As Whinburgh and Westfield were two separate parishes until 1935, two sources were used to create the population structure line graph.[7][8] The first census data from 1801 recorded a population of 253 which is 91 less than 342 the population according to the 2011 census. There was a peak in population in 1851 with 405 people living in Whinburgh and Westfield. This number decreased to 279 however by the 1911 census, this could be down to migration to more metropolitan areas during the peak of the industrial revolution with people in search for work and money and improved standard of living. With the large cities of Norwich, Cambridge and Ipswich within a 50-mile radius and London a 100-mile radius these could have been the destinations where people moved to. As well as job seeking, illness and old age are factors to account for a lower population.
Housing edit
In the 1870s, Whinburgh was described as:
"Acres, 1,241. Real property, £2,090. Pop., 220. Houses, 49. The manor belongs to Mrs. Grigson."[9]
This observation made in 1887 counts for 220 people living in 49 houses in an area of 1241 acres meaning an average of around 5 persons in each household. This is very different to the average persons per household data from the 2011 census which states a total 150 dwellings for a population of 342 giving an average of just over 2 persons per household.[10]
Employment edit
Employment figures from the 1881 census for Whinburgh and Westfield show a large percentage of the population were working in agriculture or to have an unknown occupation.[7][8] Mainly it was men that worked in agriculture as farmers and people with an unknown occupation happened to be all female according to the census data on the Vision of Britain website. Other occupations included work in domestic services such as maids and housekeepers and individuals using skilled labour for their craft like carpenters and blacksmiths.
Churches edit
The ecclesiastical parishes of Whinburgh and Westfield were united in 1733, and since 1938 have been held in plurality with Reymerston.
St Mary's, Whinburgh edit
St Mary's Church was built around 1300, though some traces of older work survive. The chancel was mostly rebuilt in 1889, although there is one surviving 16th century window and some 17th/18th century woodwork. St Mary's Church is on Church Road in the heart of Whinburgh.[11]
The Rectory, rebuilt in the 1860s, was sold in 1981.
St Andrew's, Westfield edit
St Andrew's Church has an early 14th-century west tower. There is also a 15th-century porch with some Flushwork and the nave retains the tracery window which would have originally been part of the chancel, which was demolished around 1700.[12]
Whinburgh Music Festival edit
In 2012 the chancel roof at St Mary's Whinburgh was in need of urgent repairs and funds were needed to supplement an English Heritage grant so the Whinburgh Music Festival was born to help find the money for the repairs. From its early days it has grown, its reputation flourished and is now firmly established in the local music event calendar. Funds are still raised for the church and a willing band of volunteers help run the festival.[13]
The 2015 festival had a mixed programme with a barn dance on the Friday night, cello concert on Saturday and a classical concert of Vivaldi's Gloria and Mozart Requiem on Sunday taking place between 7 and 9 August.[14]
The fifth Whinburgh Music Festival took place on the 30 and 31 July 2016 and saw the festival turn its attention to the joys of jazz and classical music.[15]
References edit
- ^ Census population and household counts for unparished urban areas and all parishes. Office for National Statistics & Norfolk County Council (2001). Retrieved 20 June 2009.
- ^ "<Placename> (Parish): Key Figures for 2011 Census: Key Statistics" as the Title". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
- ^ a b c "Whinburgh & Westfield Parish Council". Retrieved 17 March 2016.
- ^ "Key to English Place-names".
- ^ "Key to English Place-names".
- ^ a b "Streetlist". Streetlist. Streetlist. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ^ a b "Vision of Britain Through Time-Whinburgh". Vision of Britain Through Time. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ^ a b "Vision of Britain Through Time- Westfield". Vision of Britain Through Time. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ^ Bartholomew, John (1887). Gazetteer of the British Isles (1st ed.). Edinburgh: Bartholomew.
- ^ "Whinburgh and Westfield (Parish): Housing figures for 2011 Census: Key figures for housing". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ^ "Norfolk Heritage Explorer". Norfolk Heritage Explorer. Norfolk Historic Environment Service. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ^ "Norfolk Heritage Explorer". Norfolk Heritage Explorer. Norfolk Historic Environment Service. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ^ "Whinburgh Music Festival". Retrieved 29 April 2021.
- ^ "Dereham Times- Whinburgh Music Festival 2015". Dereham Times. 7 August 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ^ Smith, Jeremy. "Whinburgh Music Festival". Whinburgh Music Festival 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
External links edit
Media related to Whinburgh and Westfield at Wikimedia Commons "Whinburgh and Westfield Local community site". Whinburgh and Westfield Website.