St Margaret was an ancient parish in the City and Liberty of Westminster and the county of Middlesex. It included the core of modern Westminster, including the Palace of Westminster and the area around, but not including Westminster Abbey. It was divided into St Margaret's and St John's in 1727, to coincide with the building of the Church of St John the Evangelist, constructed by the Commission for Building Fifty New Churches in Smith Square to meet the demands of the growing population, but there continued to be a single vestry for the parishes of St Margaret and St John. This was reformed in 1855 by the Metropolis Management Act, and the two parishes formed the Westminster District until 1887. St Margaret and St John became part of the County of London in 1889. The vestry was abolished in 1900, to be replaced by Westminster City Council, but St Margaret and St John continued to have a nominal existence until 1922.
St Margaret and St John
St Margaret (until 1727) Westminster District (1855–1887)
St Margaret Vestry (16th century–1727) St Margaret and St John Vestry (1727–1855) Westminster District Board of Works (1855–1887) St Margaret and St John Combined Vestry (1887–1900)
The Commission for Building Fifty New Churches was set up to build new churches for populous parishes in the London area and Church of St John the Evangelist was completed in 1728. To coincide with this, a new parish of St John the Evangelist for civil and ecclesiastical purposes was split off from St Margaret in 1727.
Despite the split, the two parishes continued to be governed by a single vestry and were commonly known as Westminster St Margaret and St John.[2]
The two parishes were grouped into the Westminster District in 1855 when they came within the area of responsibility of the Metropolitan Board of Works. St Margaret elected 30 members the district board and St John elected 27 members.
Under the Metropolis Management Act 1855 any parish that exceeded 2,000 ratepayers was to be divided into wards; as such the parishes of both St Margaret Westminster and St John the Evangelist within the Westminster District Boards of Works were divided into three wards each (electing vestrymen): St Margaret No. 1 (12), St Margaret No. 2 (9), St Margaret No. 3 (15), St John the Evangelist No. 1 (9), St John the Evangelist No. 2 (15) and St John the Evangelist No. 3 (12).[3][4]
The local authority was renamed as the St Margaret and St John Combined Vestry in 1887.[2]
In 1889 the parishes became part of the County of London. The united parishes unsuccessfully petitioned for incorporation as a municipal borough on 19 January 1897.[5] In 1900 they became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Westminster. St Margaret and St John was abolished as a civil parish in 1922.
LibrariesEdit
The parish vestry was the first in London to adopt the Public Libraries Act 1855. It held a public meeting in 1856, achieved the required two thirds in favour of providing a library and appointed a librarian the same year. The Westminster Public Library on Great Smith Street opened in 1857. In 1858 a further library was opened in Trevor Square, Knightsbridge.[6]
GeographyEdit
The main part of the parish fronted the River Thames to the east. St Margaret's was north of St John's. The parish of St Margaret had a detached part of similar size to its west, by the allegiance of a medieval manor, commonly named Kensington Gore and including the northwest of what is today considered Knightsbridge and Kensington Palace.[7]
In times of monasticism and monarchicism, the geographic extent had a maximum of three extra-parochial areas within, namely:
Westminster St Margaret and St John was a local act parish and so remained a single unit for administration of the New Poor Law. Following the Metropolitan Poor Act 1867, it joined with St George Hanover Square for this purpose in 1870 as the St George's Union.[9]
PopulationEdit
The population history is typical for a central district of London, growing until the 19th century and then declining as transport improvements caused movement to the suburbs. The population peak was in 1871.
^The London Gazette Issue: 21802. 20 October 1855. pp. 3900–3902. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
^"H.M.S.O. Boundary Commission Report 1885 Westminster Map". Vision of Britain. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
^. 19 January 1897. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
^Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science: Volume 33 - The Wellesley College Library to Zoological Literature: A Review
^Port, M. H. (Edr.) (1986). "Illustrative map of London parishes". The Commissions for building fifty new churches: The minute books, 1711-27, a calendar. London Record Society.
^ abc. Archived from the original on 25 December 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
^Peter Higginbotham. "St Margaret and St John the Evangelist, Westminster, London". Workhouses.org.uk.
^"Westminster St Margaret CP/AP through time | Population Statistics | Total Population". Visionofbritain.org.uk. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
October 21, 2023
westminster, margaret, john, margaret, westminster, redirects, here, church, grounds, westminster, abbey, margaret, westminster, margaret, ancient, parish, city, liberty, westminster, county, middlesex, included, core, modern, westminster, including, palace, w. St Margaret Westminster redirects here For the church in the grounds of Westminster Abbey see St Margaret s Westminster St Margaret was an ancient parish in the City and Liberty of Westminster and the county of Middlesex It included the core of modern Westminster including the Palace of Westminster and the area around but not including Westminster Abbey It was divided into St Margaret s and St John s in 1727 to coincide with the building of the Church of St John the Evangelist constructed by the Commission for Building Fifty New Churches in Smith Square to meet the demands of the growing population but there continued to be a single vestry for the parishes of St Margaret and St John This was reformed in 1855 by the Metropolis Management Act and the two parishes formed the Westminster District until 1887 St Margaret and St John became part of the County of London in 1889 The vestry was abolished in 1900 to be replaced by Westminster City Council but St Margaret and St John continued to have a nominal existence until 1922 St Margaret and St JohnSt Margaret until 1727 Westminster District 1855 1887 Civil parishArea 1881815 acres 3 30 km2 1901766 acres 3 10 km2 1921767 acres 3 10 km2 Coordinates51 29 58 N 0 08 00 W 51 4995 N 0 1333 W 51 4995 0 1333Population 188159 926 190151 068 192139 916Density 188173 53 acre 190166 67 acre 192152 04 acreHistory OriginAncient parish Created10th century Abolished1922 Succeeded byCity of Westminster parish StatusDistrict 1855 1887 GovernmentSt Margaret Vestry 16th century 1727 St Margaret and St John Vestry 1727 1855 Westminster District Board of Works 1855 1887 St Margaret and St John Combined Vestry 1887 1900 TypeVestry HQTown Hall Caxton StreetSeal of the united vestry in 1888Contained within City and libertyWestminster until 1900 Metropolitan boroughWestminster 1900 1922 Poor Law UnionSt George s 1870 1913 City of Westminster 1913 1922 Subdivisions TypeParishes after 1727 UnitsSt JohnSt Margaret Contents 1 Governance 2 Libraries 3 Geography 4 Poor law 5 Population 6 ReferencesGovernance Edit nbsp A map showing the wards of Westminster Metropolitan Borough as they appeared in 1916 St Margaret was an ancient parish governed by a vestry and within the City and Liberty of Westminster Before 1542 the parish included territory between the church of St Clement Danes and the Palace of Westminster that became part of the parish of St Martin in the Fields 1 The Commission for Building Fifty New Churches was set up to build new churches for populous parishes in the London area and Church of St John the Evangelist was completed in 1728 To coincide with this a new parish of St John the Evangelist for civil and ecclesiastical purposes was split off from St Margaret in 1727 Despite the split the two parishes continued to be governed by a single vestry and were commonly known as Westminster St Margaret and St John 2 The two parishes were grouped into the Westminster District in 1855 when they came within the area of responsibility of the Metropolitan Board of Works St Margaret elected 30 members the district board and St John elected 27 members Under the Metropolis Management Act 1855 any parish that exceeded 2 000 ratepayers was to be divided into wards as such the parishes of both St Margaret Westminster and St John the Evangelist within the Westminster District Boards of Works were divided into three wards each electing vestrymen St Margaret No 1 12 St Margaret No 2 9 St Margaret No 3 15 St John the Evangelist No 1 9 St John the Evangelist No 2 15 and St John the Evangelist No 3 12 3 4 The local authority was renamed as the St Margaret and St John Combined Vestry in 1887 2 In 1889 the parishes became part of the County of London The united parishes unsuccessfully petitioned for incorporation as a municipal borough on 19 January 1897 5 In 1900 they became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Westminster St Margaret and St John was abolished as a civil parish in 1922 Libraries EditThe parish vestry was the first in London to adopt the Public Libraries Act 1855 It held a public meeting in 1856 achieved the required two thirds in favour of providing a library and appointed a librarian the same year The Westminster Public Library on Great Smith Street opened in 1857 In 1858 a further library was opened in Trevor Square Knightsbridge 6 Geography EditThe main part of the parish fronted the River Thames to the east St Margaret s was north of St John s The parish of St Margaret had a detached part of similar size to its west by the allegiance of a medieval manor commonly named Kensington Gore and including the northwest of what is today considered Knightsbridge and Kensington Palace 7 In times of monasticism and monarchicism the geographic extent had a maximum of three extra parochial areas within namely The Close of the Collegiate Church of St Peter containing Westminster Abbey officially its own precinct and sanctuary rather than ex pariochial altogether Privy Gardens 1831 census records 8 Verge of the Palaces of St James and Whitehall 1841 census records 8 Whitehall 1831 census records 8 Poor law EditWestminster St Margaret and St John was a local act parish and so remained a single unit for administration of the New Poor Law Following the Metropolitan Poor Act 1867 it joined with St George Hanover Square for this purpose in 1870 as the St George s Union 9 Population EditThe population history is typical for a central district of London growing until the 19th century and then declining as transport improvements caused movement to the suburbs The population peak was in 1871 Year 1801 1811 1821 1831 1841 1851 1871 1881 1891 1901 1911 1921Population 10 17 508 19 202 22 568 25 529 30 489 31 314 66 050 59 926 55 539 51 068 47 692 39 916References Edit Estate and Parish History British History Online British history ac uk Retrieved 14 September 2016 a b Youngs Frederic 1979 Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England Vol I Southern England London Royal Historical Society ISBN 0 901050 67 9 The London Gazette Issue 21802 20 October 1855 pp 3900 3902 Retrieved 9 April 2015 H M S O Boundary Commission Report 1885 Westminster Map Vision of Britain Retrieved 9 April 2015 The London Gazette 19 January 1897 p 1 Archived from the original PDF on 3 December 2013 Retrieved 14 March 2023 Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science Volume 33 The Wellesley College Library to Zoological Literature A Review Port M H Edr 1986 Illustrative map of London parishes The Commissions for building fifty new churches The minute books 1711 27 a calendar London Record Society a b c Westminster St Margaret CP AP through time Census tables with data for the Parish level Unit Archived from the original on 25 December 2013 Retrieved 8 January 2014 Peter Higginbotham St Margaret and St John the Evangelist Westminster London Workhouses org uk Westminster St Margaret CP AP through time Population Statistics Total Population Visionofbritain org uk Retrieved 14 September 2016 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Westminster St Margaret and St John amp oldid 1146873537, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
