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Werner Forssmann

January 01, 1970

Werner Theodor Otto Forßmann (Forssmann in English; German pronunciation: [ˈvɛʁnɐ ˈfɔʁsˌman] ⓘ; 29 August 1904 – 1 June 1979) was a German researcher and physician from Germany who shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Medicine (with Andre Frederic Cournand and Dickinson W. Richards) for developing a procedure that allowed cardiac catheterization. In 1929, he put himself under local anesthesia and inserted a catheter into a vein of his arm. Not knowing if the catheter might pierce a vein, he put his life at risk. Forssmann was nevertheless successful; he safely passed the catheter into his heart.

Werner Forßmann
Werner Forßmann
Born
Werner Theodor Otto Forßmann

(1904-08-29)29 August 1904
Berlin, German Empire
Died1 June 1979(1979-06-01) (aged 74)
Schopfheim, West Germany
NationalityGerman
Alma materUniversity of Berlin
Known forCardiac catheterization
AwardsNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1956)
Scientific career
FieldsMedicine

Early life edit

Forssmann was born in Berlin on 29 August 1904. Upon graduating from Askanisches Gymnasium [de], he entered the University of Berlin to study medicine, passing the State Examination in 1929.[1]

Career edit

He hypothesized that a catheter could be inserted directly into the heart, for such applications as directly delivering drugs, injecting radiopaque dyes, or measuring blood pressure. The fear at the time was that such an intrusion into the heart would be fatal.[2] To prove his point, he decided to try the experiment on himself.

In 1929, while working in Eberswalde, he performed the first human cardiac catheterization. He ignored his department chief and persuaded the operating-room nurse in charge of the sterile supplies, Gerda Ditzen, to assist him. She agreed, but only on the promise that he would do it on her rather than on himself. However, Forssmann tricked her by restraining her to the operating table and pretending to locally anaesthetise and cut her arm whilst actually doing it on himself.[3] He anesthetized his own lower arm in the cubital region and inserted a urinary catheter into his antecubital vein, threading it partly along before releasing Ditzen (who at this point realised the catheter was not in her arm) and telling her to call the X-ray department. They walked some distance to the X-ray department on the floor below where under the guidance of a fluoroscope he advanced the catheter the full 60 cm into his right ventricular cavity. This was then recorded on X-Ray film showing the catheter lying in his right atrium.[3]

The head clinician at Eberswalde, although initially very annoyed, recognized Werner's discovery when shown the X-rays; he allowed Forssmann to carry out another catheterization on a terminally ill woman whose condition improved after being given drugs in this way.[3] An unpaid position was created for Forssmann at the Berliner Charité Hospital, working under Ferdinand Sauerbruch, although once Sauerbruch saw his paper, he was dismissed for continuing without his approval. Sauerbruch commented, "You certainly can't begin surgery in that manner".[4] Facing such disciplinary action for self-experimentation, he was initially forced to leave the Charité, but was later re-instated until again being forced to leave in 1932 for not meeting scientific expectations.[3] His surgical skills were noted, however, and he was recommended to another hospital where he worked for a while before leaving in 1933 after marrying Dr. Elsbet Engel, a specialist in urology there. Finding it difficult to get a job with his reputation, he quit cardiology and took up urology. He then went on to study urology under Karl Heusch at the Rudolf Virchow Hospital [de] in Berlin. Later, he was appointed Chief of the Surgical Clinic at both the City Hospital at Dresden-Friedrichstadt and the Robert Koch Hospital [de] in Berlin.[1]

From 1932 to 1945, he was a member of the Nazi Party. At the start of World War II, he became a medical officer. In the course of his service, he rose to the rank of Major, until he was captured and put into a U.S. POW camp. Upon his release in 1945, he worked as a lumberjack and then as a country medic in the Black Forest with his wife. In 1950, he began practice as a urologist in Bad Kreuznach.[1][2]

During the time of his imprisonment, his paper was read by André Frédéric Cournand and Dickinson W. Richards. They developed ways of applying his technique to heart disease diagnosis and research. In 1954, he was given the Leibniz Medal of the German Academy of Sciences. In 1956, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Cournand, Richards, and Forßmann.[1]

After winning the Nobel Prize, he was given the position of Honorary Professor of Surgery and Urology at the University of Mainz.[1] In 1961, he became an honorary professor at the National University of Córdoba.[1] In 1962, he became a member of the Executive Board of the German Society of Surgery. He also became a member of the American College of Chest Physicians, honorary member of the Swedish Society of Cardiology, the German Society of Urology [de], and the German Child Welfare Association.[1]

Personal life edit

He and Elsbet had six children: Klaus Forßmann in 1934, Knut Forßmann in 1936, Jörg Forßmann in 1938, Wolf Forßmann in 1939 (who was first to isolate the atrial natriuretic peptide), Bernd Forßmann in 1940 (who helped develop the first clinical lithotriptor), and Renate Forßmann in 1943.[1][2]

He died in Schopfheim, Germany of heart failure on 1 June 1979.[2] His wife died in 1993.

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "Werner Forssmann – Biography". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-12-22.
  2. ^ a b c d "Werner Forssmann". NNDB. Retrieved 2009-03-31.
  3. ^ a b c d Heiss, H. W.; Hurst, J. Willis (1992). "Werner forssmann: A german problem with the nobel prize". Clinical Cardiology. 15 (7): 547–9. doi:10.1002/clc.4960150715. PMID 1499182. S2CID 8008163.
  4. ^ . UTMB. Archived from the original on 2008-06-13. Retrieved 2008-12-22.

References edit

  • Goerig, Michael; Agarwal Kamayni (February 2008). "[Werner Forssmann: "the typical man before his time!" – self-experiment shows feasibility of cardiac catheterization]". Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie. 43 (2): 162–5. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1060550. PMID 18293251. S2CID 259981371.
  • Hollmann, Wildor (2006). "Werner Forssmann, Eberswalde, the 1956 Nobel Prize for medicine". Eur. J. Med. Res. 11 (10): 409–12. PMID 17107872.
  • Forssmann, Wolf-Georg; Hirsch Jochen R (2006). "50 years Nobel Prize: Werner Forssmann and the issue of commemorative stamps". Eur. J. Med. Res. 11 (10): 406–8. PMID 17107871.
  • Berry, Diana (February 2006). "History of cardiology: Werner Forssmann, MD". Circulation. 113 (7): f27–8. PMID 16493783.
  • "[Werner Forssmann tested the first heart catheter on himself. For this reason he was fired by the chief physician]". MMW Fortschritte der Medizin. 146 (33–34): 56. August 2004. PMID 15526639.
  • Bröer, R (2002). "[Legend or reality? – Werner Forssmann and heart catheterization]". Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. 127 (41): 2151–4. doi:10.1055/s-2002-34642. PMID 12397563. S2CID 260064457.
  • Raju, T N (1999). "The Nobel chronicles. 1956: Werner Forssmann (1904–79); André Frédéric Cournand (1895–1988); and Dickinson Woodruff Richards, Jr (1895–1973)". Lancet. 353 (9167): 1891. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)75106-0. PMID 10359453. S2CID 54402027.
  • Siegel, D (1997). "Werner Forssmann and the Nazis". Am. J. Cardiol. 80 (12): 1643–4. doi:10.1016/S0002-9149(97)00944-2. PMID 9416961.
  • Hart, F D (1997). "Werner Forssmann (1904–1979), auto-experimenter/medical martyr. The original cardiac catheterization". Journal of Medical Biography. 5 (2): 120–1. doi:10.1177/096777209700500211. PMID 11619092. S2CID 6396808.
  • Forssmann-Falck, R (March 1997). "Werner Forssmann: a pioneer of cardiology". Am. J. Cardiol. 79 (5): 651–60. doi:10.1016/S0002-9149(96)00833-8. PMID 9068526.
  • Heiss, H W; Hurst, J. Willis (1992). "Werner Forssmann: a German problem with the Nobel Prize". Clinical Cardiology. 15 (7): 547–9. doi:10.1002/clc.4960150715. PMID 1499182. S2CID 8008163.
  • Meyer, J A (March 1990). "Werner Forssmann and catheterization of the heart, 1929". Ann. Thorac. Surg. 49 (3): 497–9. doi:10.1016/0003-4975(90)90272-8. PMID 2178572.
  • Schadewaldt, H (1979). "Werner Forssmann 29.8.1904 – 1.6.1979". Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. 104 (52): 1856–7. PMID 391522.
  • Steckelberg, J M; Vlietstra R E; Ludwig J; Mann R J (November 1979). "Werner Forssmann (1904—1979) and his unusual success story". Mayo Clin. Proc. 54 (11): 746–8. PMID 386001.
  • Asperger, Z (1979). "[The life of Doctor Werner Forssmann (1904—1979) (author's transl)]". Lijecnicki Vjesnik. 101 (8): 509–17. PMID 396430.
  • "[Münchener Medizinische Wochenschrift/20 March 1931 Contrast representation of the cavities of the living right half of the heart by Werner Forssmann, Eberswalde]". Münchener medizinische Wochenschrift. 120 (14): 489. April 1978. PMID 347275.
  • Kenéz, J (1969). "[Heroic self-experiment of a practicing physician (Werner Forssmann)]". Orvosi Hetilap. 110 (52): 3069–74. PMID 4904895.
  • Sulek, K (1969). "[Nobel prize for Andre F. Cournand, Werner T. O. Forssmann and Dickinson W. Richards in 1956 for the discovery related to heart catheterization and studies on pathological changes in the cardiovascular system]". Wiad. Lek. 22 (2): 203–4. PMID 4890192.
  • HEUSCH, K (1957). "[Werner Forssmann, Nobel prize winner for medicine, 1956.]". Zeitschrift für Urologie. 50 (2): 57–9. PMID 13434311.
  • Bolt, W; Knipping H W (1956). "[Congratulations to Werner Forssmann on winning the 1956 Nobel prize for medicine.]". Med. Klin. (Munich). 51 (49): 2073–6. PMID 13386873.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Werner Forßmann.
  • Biographical Sketch of Werner Forßmann with video clip
  • The 'Man Who Touched His Own Heart'; NPR interview with Robert Dunn, his biographer
  • www.aerztezeitung.de: Der Herzkatheter-Selbstversuch: Dichtung und Wahrheit (in German)
  • Heart pioneers and the curious case of Werner Forssmann - British Heart Foundation Blog Article
  • Werner Forssmann on Nobelprize.org   including the Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1956 The Role of Heart Catheterization and Angiocardiography in the Development of Modern Medicine

January 01, 1970
werner, forssmann, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, german, 2018, click, show, important, translation, instructions, machine, translation, like, deepl, google, translate, useful, starting, point, translations, . You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German May 2018 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 9 120 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at de Werner Forssmann see its history for attribution You may also add the template Translated de Werner Forssmann to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Werner Theodor Otto Forssmann Forssmann in English German pronunciation ˈvɛʁnɐ ˈfɔʁsˌman 29 August 1904 1 June 1979 was a German researcher and physician from Germany who shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Andre Frederic Cournand and Dickinson W Richards for developing a procedure that allowed cardiac catheterization In 1929 he put himself under local anesthesia and inserted a catheter into a vein of his arm Not knowing if the catheter might pierce a vein he put his life at risk Forssmann was nevertheless successful he safely passed the catheter into his heart Werner ForssmannWerner ForssmannBornWerner Theodor Otto Forssmann 1904 08 29 29 August 1904Berlin German EmpireDied1 June 1979 1979 06 01 aged 74 Schopfheim West GermanyNationalityGermanAlma materUniversity of BerlinKnown forCardiac catheterizationAwardsNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956 Scientific careerFieldsMedicine Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 3 Personal life 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksEarly life editForssmann was born in Berlin on 29 August 1904 Upon graduating from Askanisches Gymnasium de he entered the University of Berlin to study medicine passing the State Examination in 1929 1 Career editHe hypothesized that a catheter could be inserted directly into the heart for such applications as directly delivering drugs injecting radiopaque dyes or measuring blood pressure The fear at the time was that such an intrusion into the heart would be fatal 2 To prove his point he decided to try the experiment on himself In 1929 while working in Eberswalde he performed the first human cardiac catheterization He ignored his department chief and persuaded the operating room nurse in charge of the sterile supplies Gerda Ditzen to assist him She agreed but only on the promise that he would do it on her rather than on himself However Forssmann tricked her by restraining her to the operating table and pretending to locally anaesthetise and cut her arm whilst actually doing it on himself 3 He anesthetized his own lower arm in the cubital region and inserted a urinary catheter into his antecubital vein threading it partly along before releasing Ditzen who at this point realised the catheter was not in her arm and telling her to call the X ray department They walked some distance to the X ray department on the floor below where under the guidance of a fluoroscope he advanced the catheter the full 60 cm into his right ventricular cavity This was then recorded on X Ray film showing the catheter lying in his right atrium 3 The head clinician at Eberswalde although initially very annoyed recognized Werner s discovery when shown the X rays he allowed Forssmann to carry out another catheterization on a terminally ill woman whose condition improved after being given drugs in this way 3 An unpaid position was created for Forssmann at the Berliner Charite Hospital working under Ferdinand Sauerbruch although once Sauerbruch saw his paper he was dismissed for continuing without his approval Sauerbruch commented You certainly can t begin surgery in that manner 4 Facing such disciplinary action for self experimentation he was initially forced to leave the Charite but was later re instated until again being forced to leave in 1932 for not meeting scientific expectations 3 His surgical skills were noted however and he was recommended to another hospital where he worked for a while before leaving in 1933 after marrying Dr Elsbet Engel a specialist in urology there Finding it difficult to get a job with his reputation he quit cardiology and took up urology He then went on to study urology under Karl Heusch at the Rudolf Virchow Hospital de in Berlin Later he was appointed Chief of the Surgical Clinic at both the City Hospital at Dresden Friedrichstadt and the Robert Koch Hospital de in Berlin 1 From 1932 to 1945 he was a member of the Nazi Party At the start of World War II he became a medical officer In the course of his service he rose to the rank of Major until he was captured and put into a U S POW camp Upon his release in 1945 he worked as a lumberjack and then as a country medic in the Black Forest with his wife In 1950 he began practice as a urologist in Bad Kreuznach 1 2 During the time of his imprisonment his paper was read by Andre Frederic Cournand and Dickinson W Richards They developed ways of applying his technique to heart disease diagnosis and research In 1954 he was given the Leibniz Medal of the German Academy of Sciences In 1956 the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Cournand Richards and Forssmann 1 After winning the Nobel Prize he was given the position of Honorary Professor of Surgery and Urology at the University of Mainz 1 In 1961 he became an honorary professor at the National University of Cordoba 1 In 1962 he became a member of the Executive Board of the German Society of Surgery He also became a member of the American College of Chest Physicians honorary member of the Swedish Society of Cardiology the German Society of Urology de and the German Child Welfare Association 1 Personal life editHe and Elsbet had six children Klaus Forssmann in 1934 Knut Forssmann in 1936 Jorg Forssmann in 1938 Wolf Forssmann in 1939 who was first to isolate the atrial natriuretic peptide Bernd Forssmann in 1940 who helped develop the first clinical lithotriptor and Renate Forssmann in 1943 1 2 He died in Schopfheim Germany of heart failure on 1 June 1979 2 His wife died in 1993 See also editAndre Frederic Cournand Andreas Gruentzig Dickinson W RichardsNotes edit a b c d e f g h Werner Forssmann Biography Nobel Foundation Retrieved 2008 12 22 a b c d Werner Forssmann NNDB Retrieved 2009 03 31 a b c d Heiss H W Hurst J Willis 1992 Werner forssmann A german problem with the nobel prize Clinical Cardiology 15 7 547 9 doi 10 1002 clc 4960150715 PMID 1499182 S2CID 8008163 The History of Werner Forssmann UTMB Archived from the original on 2008 06 13 Retrieved 2008 12 22 References editGoerig Michael Agarwal Kamayni February 2008 Werner Forssmann the typical man before his time self experiment shows feasibility of cardiac catheterization Anasthesiologie Intensivmedizin Notfallmedizin Schmerztherapie 43 2 162 5 doi 10 1055 s 2008 1060550 PMID 18293251 S2CID 259981371 Hollmann Wildor 2006 Werner Forssmann Eberswalde the 1956 Nobel Prize for medicine Eur J Med Res 11 10 409 12 PMID 17107872 Forssmann Wolf Georg Hirsch Jochen R 2006 50 years Nobel Prize Werner Forssmann and the issue of commemorative stamps Eur J Med Res 11 10 406 8 PMID 17107871 Berry Diana February 2006 History of cardiology Werner Forssmann MD Circulation 113 7 f27 8 PMID 16493783 Werner Forssmann tested the first heart catheter on himself For this reason he was fired by the chief physician MMW Fortschritte der Medizin 146 33 34 56 August 2004 PMID 15526639 Broer R 2002 Legend or reality Werner Forssmann and heart catheterization Dtsch Med Wochenschr 127 41 2151 4 doi 10 1055 s 2002 34642 PMID 12397563 S2CID 260064457 Raju T N 1999 The Nobel chronicles 1956 Werner Forssmann 1904 79 Andre Frederic Cournand 1895 1988 and Dickinson Woodruff Richards Jr 1895 1973 Lancet 353 9167 1891 doi 10 1016 S0140 6736 05 75106 0 PMID 10359453 S2CID 54402027 Siegel D 1997 Werner Forssmann and the Nazis Am J Cardiol 80 12 1643 4 doi 10 1016 S0002 9149 97 00944 2 PMID 9416961 Hart F D 1997 Werner Forssmann 1904 1979 auto experimenter medical martyr The original cardiac catheterization Journal of Medical Biography 5 2 120 1 doi 10 1177 096777209700500211 PMID 11619092 S2CID 6396808 Forssmann Falck R March 1997 Werner Forssmann a pioneer of cardiology Am J Cardiol 79 5 651 60 doi 10 1016 S0002 9149 96 00833 8 PMID 9068526 Heiss H W Hurst J Willis 1992 Werner Forssmann a German problem with the Nobel Prize Clinical Cardiology 15 7 547 9 doi 10 1002 clc 4960150715 PMID 1499182 S2CID 8008163 Meyer J A March 1990 Werner Forssmann and catheterization of the heart 1929 Ann Thorac Surg 49 3 497 9 doi 10 1016 0003 4975 90 90272 8 PMID 2178572 Schadewaldt H 1979 Werner Forssmann 29 8 1904 1 6 1979 Dtsch Med Wochenschr 104 52 1856 7 PMID 391522 Steckelberg J M Vlietstra R E Ludwig J Mann R J November 1979 Werner Forssmann 1904 1979 and his unusual success story Mayo Clin Proc 54 11 746 8 PMID 386001 Asperger Z 1979 The life of Doctor Werner Forssmann 1904 1979 author s transl Lijecnicki Vjesnik 101 8 509 17 PMID 396430 Munchener Medizinische Wochenschrift 20 March 1931 Contrast representation of the cavities of the living right half of the heart by Werner Forssmann Eberswalde Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift 120 14 489 April 1978 PMID 347275 Kenez J 1969 Heroic self experiment of a practicing physician Werner Forssmann Orvosi Hetilap 110 52 3069 74 PMID 4904895 Sulek K 1969 Nobel prize for Andre F Cournand Werner T O Forssmann and Dickinson W Richards in 1956 for the discovery related to heart catheterization and studies on pathological changes in the cardiovascular system Wiad Lek 22 2 203 4 PMID 4890192 HEUSCH K 1957 Werner Forssmann Nobel prize winner for medicine 1956 Zeitschrift fur Urologie 50 2 57 9 PMID 13434311 Bolt W Knipping H W 1956 Congratulations to Werner Forssmann on winning the 1956 Nobel prize for medicine Med Klin Munich 51 49 2073 6 PMID 13386873 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Werner Forssmann Biographical Sketch of Werner Forssmann with video clip The Man Who Touched His Own Heart NPR interview with Robert Dunn his biographer www aerztezeitung de Der Herzkatheter Selbstversuch Dichtung und Wahrheit in German Heart pioneers and the curious case of Werner Forssmann British Heart Foundation Blog Article Werner Forssmann on Nobelprize org nbsp including the Nobel Lecture December 11 1956 The Role of Heart Catheterization and Angiocardiography in the Development of Modern Medicine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Werner Forssmann amp oldid 1182431648, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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