Washougal River
The Washougal River is a 33-mile (53 km) tributary of the Columbia River in the U.S. state of Washington.[3] Its headwaters and upper 21 miles (34 km) are in Skamania County in the Gifford Pinchot National Forest, and its lower 12 miles (19 km) are in Clark County. The river, which flows through the city of Washougal and meets the Columbia at the City of Camas, is a popular stream for fishing, swimming, and boating.[3]
| Washougal River | |
|---|---|
Flowing under a bridge | |
Location of the mouth of Washougal River in Washington Washougal River (the United States) | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Washington |
| County | Clark, Skamania |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | near McKinley Ridge and Lookout Mountain |
| • location | Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Skamania County |
| • coordinates | 45°47′27″N 122°08′55″W / 45.79083°N 122.14861°W[1] |
| • elevation | 2,761 ft (842 m)[2] |
| Mouth | Columbia River |
• location | Washougal and Camas, Clark County |
• coordinates | 45°34′43″N 122°24′00″W / 45.57861°N 122.40000°W[1] |
• elevation | 10 ft (3.0 m)[1] |
| Length | 33 mi (53 km)[3] |
| Basin size | 212 sq mi (550 km2)[3] |
| Discharge | |
| • average | 873 cu ft/s (24.7 m3/s)[4] |
| • maximum | 40,400 cu ft/s (1,140 m3/s) |
Explorers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark referred to the Washougal River as the "Seal River." The name Washougal comes from the Cascades Chinook placename [wasiixwal] or [wasuxal],[5] meaning "rushing water".[6]
Watershed edit
The Washougal River drains 212 square miles (550 km2) of land that is largely forested, especially in its upper reaches in the Cascade Range and its foothills. Of the total, 162 square miles (420 km2) are in Skamania County, and the remaining 50 square miles (130 km2) are in Clark County.[3] Small farms and rural homes are found along the lower part of the basin, and two small Clark County cities, Camas and Washougal, are at the river mouth. About 63 percent of the watershed is forested; 21 percent is devoted to fields, pastures, bare earth, and shrubland, and 16 percent is developed or cleared for development.[3]
The water quality of surface streams in the basin is rated "excellent" to "good", with a few exceptions.[3] State and county officials monitor the lower reaches of the river for signs of trouble such as harmful bacteria, elevated water temperatures, and bank erosion related to forest clearing and other development. Two of the river's tributaries, Jones Creek and Boulder Creek, supply drinking water to Camas.[3]The Washougal River, which has no dams on the main stem, has one dam (Kwoneesum Dam) on Wildboy Creek, which is a tributary to the West Fork. Kwoneesum Dam forms a recreational-purpose reservoir for Camp Kwoneesum.[7]
Recreation edit
The Washougal River contains significant fisheries: the main stem and some of the tributaries support populations of Chinook, chum, and Coho salmon, steelhead, and coastal cutthroat trout.[3] Dougan Falls, 21 miles (34 km) from the mouth, blocks most fish migration beyond the waterfall.[3] The Washougal River Greenway in Camas has fishing access, a short walking trail, a boat launch, and picnic sites.[8] Much of the recreation access, including Dougan Falls, now requires a Discover Pass, Washington state's recreation fee pass.[9] A separate parking pass is required for Naked Falls, which is on private land and was closed to the public for several years but has now reopened.[10][11]
A series of waterfalls, some of them associated with swimming holes, are found along the main stream.[12] From lowermost to uppermost, the named falls include Salmon, Dougan, Naked, Reeder, Stebbins Creek, and Docs Drop.[12] Dougan Falls is a total of 30 feet (9.1 m) high[13] and the largest drop is 19 feet (5.8 m).[14]
Whitewater enthusiasts run parts of the Washougal River and some of its tributaries. The runs include many stretches rated 4, 5, or 5+ on the International Scale of River Difficulty.[15]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b c "Washougal River". Geographic Names Information System (GNIS). United States Geological Survey. September 10, 1979. Retrieved January 22, 2013.
- ^ Source elevation derived from Google Earth search using GNIS source coordinates.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Washougal River Watershed" (PDF). Clark County. Retrieved January 22, 2013.
- ^ Byrne, Jim; et al. (May 17, 2002). "Washougal Subbasin Summary (Draft)" (PDF). Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Authority. p. 1. Retrieved January 22, 2013. The maximum discharge was recorded during the flood of December 1977.
- ^ Bright, William (2004). Native American placenames of the United States. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 550. ISBN 978-0-8061-3598-4. Retrieved 6 April 2011.
- ^ Majors, Harry M. (1975). Exploring Washington. Van Winkle Publishing Co. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-918664-00-6.
- ^ Department of Ecology, Washington State (11 September 2020). "Inventory of Dams Report for Selected Washington Counties and Selected Dam Hazard Categories". Water Resources Program Dam Safety Office. 94–16 (#94–16): 129.
- ^ "Washougal River Greenway". Vancouver – Clark Parks & Recreation. Retrieved January 22, 2013.
- ^ "Discover Pass, your ticket to Washington's great outdoors". Retrieved 2023-11-11.
- ^ "Naked Falls | Pure River Experience". nakedfalls.com. Retrieved March 11, 2023.
- ^ "Naked Falls on the Washougal River".
- ^ a b Plumb, Gregory A. (2005). Waterfall Lovers Guide: Pacific Northwest (4th ed.). Seattle: The Mountaineers Books. pp. 180–82. ISBN 0-89886-911-0.
- ^ Anderson, David L. (2007-05-29). Waterfalls of the Pacific Northwest. Woodstock, Vermont: The Countryman Press. pp. 78–79. ISBN 978-0-88150-713-3.
- ^ "Dougan Falls - Northwest Waterfall Survey".
- ^ Giordano, Pete (2004). Soggy Sneakers: A Paddler's Guide to Oregon's Rivers (4th ed.). Seattle: The Mountaineers Books. pp. 272–80. ISBN 978-0-89886-815-9.