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Wagonload freight

January 01, 1970

In rail freight transportation the terms wagonload or wagonload freight refer to trains made of single wagon consignments of freight. In the US and Canada the term carload refers to a single car of any kind, and manifest train refers to trains made of diverse cars of freight.

With competition from road transport rail freight transport is increasingly operated as unit trains, with wagonload less able to compete with road haulage.

As of 2012 in Europe wagonload freight represents 30 to 40 percent of freight carried in many countries including France, Italy, Germany, Belgium; in other countries, including the UK and Romania, wagonload freight is a very minor aspect of rail freight transport representing less than 5% of rail freight transport.

Overview edit

Wagonload traffic typically consists of individual wagons load with goods at separate locations (goods shed), transferred to marshalling yards where the wagons are sorted by destination, then transported to a destination marshalling yard where individual wagons are separated and collected into trains per destination.[1][2]

By country edit

Europe edit

Wagonload is a diminishing sector of rail freight transport in the EU; the percentage of rail freight transported as wagonload diminished from 45% to 35% from the late 1980s to 90s.[3] The relative extent of wagon load traffic within the Europe varies considerably; in the 1990s within the EU an EFTA wagonload traffic accounted for approximately 40% of rail freight, whilst in eastern European counties the percentage was higher, around 60%.[4]

France edit

In France wagonload freight (French: wagon isolé), though unprofitable continued to be operated by SNCF (2010),[5] wagonload freight was responsible for a significant operating losses in the SNCF group in the first decade of the 21st century, with low productivity levels, including freight terminals that were inactive over periods of months.[6] As a result, SNCF began to seek solutions for the profitability options, including considering the use of US style "shortline" operators on branch networks.[7] In 2009 approximately 50% of SNCF's railfreight was wagonload.[7] A 'multi-lots, multi-clients' contracting system was introduced in 2010 in an attempt to move towards more profitable freight work,[8] and cut on demand wagonload services on lightly utilised routes.[9]

Germany edit

In Germany wagonload traffic decreased by 10% from 1994 to 2010, but still represented 30% of railfreight in Germany.[10]

UK edit

In the United Kingdom the wagonload system was reduced by the consequences of the implementation of The Reshaping of British Railways report. Cuts to the system included the closure of marshalling yards (reduced by over one third by 1965), and 60% of freight stations – though the initial cuts had no effect on volume of freight carried. Wagonload freight was still loss making in 1965 despite the closures – making a loss of £40 million (from a £54million loss in 1961). No improvement in profitability had been achieved by 1966, despite the economies, and in part exacerbated by the cuts.[11]

In 1967 wagonload freight produced two thirds of British Rail's freight revenue. Further reductions of the systems were made, 4,000 miles of line were closed between 1965 and 1973. By 1972 the number of marshalling yards had been reduced to 124 from over 600 a decade earlier. These cuts had a limited effect of freight traffic, reducing freight by only 13%. Introduction of unit train type merry-go-round services and Freightliner intermodal services introduced from the 1960s onwards also shifted rail freight transport away from the wagonload workings, but could not total replace it; the economic future of wagonload services remained uncertain in the 1970s, despite the introduction of a new airbraked higher speed service named Speedlink (trialled in 1972, formally introduced in 1977). In 1976 wagonload freight was still making a loss of £30 million pa.[11] The loss making Speedlink operations ceased in 1991.[12][13] In 1992 wagonload traffic carried by BR in the UK was 15.2million tonnes, approximately 10% of freight traffic.[14] Some residual wagonload operations including international freight work continued to be operated by Railfreight Distribution (RfD), in particular as part of its Connectrail service; RfD was also unprofitable, and when privatised in 1997 the acquirer, EWS received significant subsidies (over £200 million over 8 years).[15] Minor wagonload services were operated in the post privatisation period, including EWS's 'Enterprise' service, which carried 3 million tonnes of freight in 1999.[14]

Other edit

As of 2010 wagonload freight is a significant part of the rail freight transport business in Switzerland (38%), Italy (35%), Poland (34%) and Spain (30%) (by tonne-km).[16] In Romania (2010) single wagonload traffic represents less than 10% of the rail freight transportation.[17]

North America edit

In the US and Canada the term manifest train refers to trains made of diverse cars of freight, moving from rail hubs to rail hubs to save costs and gain in efficiency.[18][19]

As of 2000, in the USA Class 1 railroads act as trunk route operators with unit trains representing ~30% of freight, whilst 'Short line' operators act as branch and feeders to the trunk lines - the short line operators have lower operating costs.[20]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Symonds Group Ltd 2001, 1.5 (ii), p.2quote: "wagonload: traffic consigned as individual wagons, which are taken from their origin to their point of assembly, possibly remarshalled several times en route at marshalling yards and finally tripped to their destination; this includes groupage traffic: consignments assembled by forwarding agents but presented to the railway as single wagonload"
  2. ^ "Single wagon load", www.railfreightportal.com, UIC
  3. ^ Symonds Group Ltd 2001, 1.6 p.2.
  4. ^ Symonds Group Ltd 2001, 1.21, p.6; Fig 3.3 "Wagonload Traffic as a Proportion of Total Rail Freight", p.76.
  5. ^ Robert Wright (5 April 2010), "SNCF plan might derail freight initiative", www.ft.com
  6. ^ "Competitors force SNCF to act", www.railwaygazette.com, 18 October 2007
  7. ^ a b James Faulkner (8 May 2009), "Growing clamour for single wagons", www.ifw-net.com
  8. ^ Sources:
    • Neil Madden (13 December 2011), "Fret SNCF relaxes single-wagon conditions", www.ifw.net
    • "SNCF bets on atypical transport and multi-modal solutions", www.railwaypro.com, 21 June 2010
    • Laurent Charlier (22 December 2008), "Remodelled network off to a shaky start", www.railwaygazette.com
  9. ^ "SNCF to cut "single wagon" services", www.worldcargonews.com, 13 July 2010
  10. ^ Alexander Vogt (February 2012), "Wagonload must become Europe-wide to survive", www.railjournal.com
  11. ^ a b T.R. Gourvish (2011), British Railways 1948-73: A Business History, Cambridge University Press, pp. 428–433, 493–495, 502–506, ISBN 9780521188838
  12. ^ Andrew Pendleton; Jonathan Winterton, eds. (1993), Public enterprise in transition: industrial relations in state and privatized corporations, Routledge, pp. 51, 223, ISBN 9780415075725
  13. ^ "Speedlink", Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), vol. 192, c278W, 6 June 1991
  14. ^ a b Fowkes, A. S.; Nash, C. A. (2004), "Rail Privatisation in Britain - lessons for the rail freight industry", European Conference of Ministers of Transport, round table 125, White Rose university consortium, Table 1, "British Rail freight data for the year to 31/3/92", p.2; B2. Wagonload traffic, pp.4-5
  15. ^ The Sale of Railfreight Distribution (PDF), National Audit Office, 26 March 1999, Fig.4, p.13
  16. ^ "Developments and trends in single wagonload rail traffic in Europe" (PDF), 6th International VDV Railway Congress, Oliver Wyman, p. 4, 5 October 2011
  17. ^ "Single Wagon Load, not yet efficient in Romania", www.railwaypro.com, 18 March 2010
  18. ^ Says, Brad Johnston. ""Manifest" in railroading | Trains Magazine". Trains. Retrieved 2021-06-01.
  19. ^ "Manifest Trains Explained" (PDF). www.up.com. Retrieved 2021-07-27.
  20. ^ Symonds Group Ltd 2001, "North America", 4.3 to 4.9, pp.138-140.

Sources edit

  • Symonds Group Ltd (July 2001), A Study of Single Wagonload Rail Traffic (PDF), European Commission : Directorate-General for Energy & Transport

External links edit

 
Look up wagonload in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

January 01, 1970
wagonload, freight, rail, freight, transportation, terms, wagonload, wagonload, freight, refer, trains, made, single, wagon, consignments, freight, canada, term, carload, refers, single, kind, manifest, train, refers, trains, made, diverse, cars, freight, with. In rail freight transportation the terms wagonload or wagonload freight refer to trains made of single wagon consignments of freight In the US and Canada the term carload refers to a single car of any kind and manifest train refers to trains made of diverse cars of freight With competition from road transport rail freight transport is increasingly operated as unit trains with wagonload less able to compete with road haulage As of 2012 in Europe wagonload freight represents 30 to 40 percent of freight carried in many countries including France Italy Germany Belgium in other countries including the UK and Romania wagonload freight is a very minor aspect of rail freight transport representing less than 5 of rail freight transport Contents 1 Overview 2 By country 2 1 Europe 2 1 1 France 2 1 2 Germany 2 1 3 UK 2 1 4 Other 2 2 North America 3 See also 4 References 4 1 Sources 5 External linksOverview editWagonload traffic typically consists of individual wagons load with goods at separate locations goods shed transferred to marshalling yards where the wagons are sorted by destination then transported to a destination marshalling yard where individual wagons are separated and collected into trains per destination 1 2 By country editThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it March 2012 Europe edit Wagonload is a diminishing sector of rail freight transport in the EU the percentage of rail freight transported as wagonload diminished from 45 to 35 from the late 1980s to 90s 3 The relative extent of wagon load traffic within the Europe varies considerably in the 1990s within the EU an EFTA wagonload traffic accounted for approximately 40 of rail freight whilst in eastern European counties the percentage was higher around 60 4 France edit In France wagonload freight French wagon isole though unprofitable continued to be operated by SNCF 2010 5 wagonload freight was responsible for a significant operating losses in the SNCF group in the first decade of the 21st century with low productivity levels including freight terminals that were inactive over periods of months 6 As a result SNCF began to seek solutions for the profitability options including considering the use of US style shortline operators on branch networks 7 In 2009 approximately 50 of SNCF s railfreight was wagonload 7 A multi lots multi clients contracting system was introduced in 2010 in an attempt to move towards more profitable freight work 8 and cut on demand wagonload services on lightly utilised routes 9 Germany edit In Germany wagonload traffic decreased by 10 from 1994 to 2010 but still represented 30 of railfreight in Germany 10 UK edit In the United Kingdom the wagonload system was reduced by the consequences of the implementation of The Reshaping of British Railways report Cuts to the system included the closure of marshalling yards reduced by over one third by 1965 and 60 of freight stations though the initial cuts had no effect on volume of freight carried Wagonload freight was still loss making in 1965 despite the closures making a loss of 40 million from a 54million loss in 1961 No improvement in profitability had been achieved by 1966 despite the economies and in part exacerbated by the cuts 11 In 1967 wagonload freight produced two thirds of British Rail s freight revenue Further reductions of the systems were made 4 000 miles of line were closed between 1965 and 1973 By 1972 the number of marshalling yards had been reduced to 124 from over 600 a decade earlier These cuts had a limited effect of freight traffic reducing freight by only 13 Introduction of unit train type merry go round services and Freightliner intermodal services introduced from the 1960s onwards also shifted rail freight transport away from the wagonload workings but could not total replace it the economic future of wagonload services remained uncertain in the 1970s despite the introduction of a new airbraked higher speed service named Speedlink trialled in 1972 formally introduced in 1977 In 1976 wagonload freight was still making a loss of 30 million pa 11 The loss making Speedlink operations ceased in 1991 12 13 In 1992 wagonload traffic carried by BR in the UK was 15 2million tonnes approximately 10 of freight traffic 14 Some residual wagonload operations including international freight work continued to be operated by Railfreight Distribution RfD in particular as part of its Connectrail service RfD was also unprofitable and when privatised in 1997 the acquirer EWS received significant subsidies over 200 million over 8 years 15 Minor wagonload services were operated in the post privatisation period including EWS s Enterprise service which carried 3 million tonnes of freight in 1999 14 Other edit As of 2010 wagonload freight is a significant part of the rail freight transport business in Switzerland 38 Italy 35 Poland 34 and Spain 30 by tonne km 16 In Romania 2010 single wagonload traffic represents less than 10 of the rail freight transportation 17 North America edit In the US and Canada the term manifest train refers to trains made of diverse cars of freight moving from rail hubs to rail hubs to save costs and gain in efficiency 18 19 As of 2000 update in the USA Class 1 railroads act as trunk route operators with unit trains representing 30 of freight whilst Short line operators act as branch and feeders to the trunk lines the short line operators have lower operating costs 20 See also editDemurrage Interchange Less than carloadReferences edit Symonds Group Ltd 2001 1 5 ii p 2quote wagonload traffic consigned as individual wagons which are taken from their origin to their point of assembly possibly remarshalled several times en route at marshalling yards and finally tripped to their destination this includes groupage traffic consignments assembled by forwarding agents but presented to the railway as single wagonload Single wagon load www railfreightportal com UIC Symonds Group Ltd 2001 1 6 p 2 Symonds Group Ltd 2001 1 21 p 6 Fig 3 3 Wagonload Traffic as a Proportion of Total Rail Freight p 76 Robert Wright 5 April 2010 SNCF plan might derail freight initiative www ft com Competitors force SNCF to act www railwaygazette com 18 October 2007 a b James Faulkner 8 May 2009 Growing clamour for single wagons www ifw net com Sources Neil Madden 13 December 2011 Fret SNCF relaxes single wagon conditions www ifw net SNCF bets on atypical transport and multi modal solutions www railwaypro com 21 June 2010 Laurent Charlier 22 December 2008 Remodelled network off to a shaky start www railwaygazette com SNCF to cut single wagon services www worldcargonews com 13 July 2010 Alexander Vogt February 2012 Wagonload must become Europe wide to survive www railjournal com a b T R Gourvish 2011 British Railways 1948 73 A Business History Cambridge University Press pp 428 433 493 495 502 506 ISBN 9780521188838 Andrew Pendleton Jonathan Winterton eds 1993 Public enterprise in transition industrial relations in state and privatized corporations Routledge pp 51 223 ISBN 9780415075725 Speedlink Parliamentary Debates Hansard vol 192 c278W 6 June 1991 a b Fowkes A S Nash C A 2004 Rail Privatisation in Britain lessons for the rail freight industry European Conference of Ministers of Transport round table 125 White Rose university consortium Table 1 British Rail freight data for the year to 31 3 92 p 2 B2 Wagonload traffic pp 4 5 The Sale of Railfreight Distribution PDF National Audit Office 26 March 1999 Fig 4 p 13 Developments and trends in single wagonload rail traffic in Europe PDF 6th International VDV Railway Congress Oliver Wyman p 4 5 October 2011 Single Wagon Load not yet efficient in Romania www railwaypro com 18 March 2010 Says Brad Johnston Manifest in railroading Trains Magazine Trains Retrieved 2021 06 01 Manifest Trains Explained PDF www up com Retrieved 2021 07 27 Symonds Group Ltd 2001 North America 4 3 to 4 9 pp 138 140 Sources edit Symonds Group Ltd July 2001 A Study of Single Wagonload Rail Traffic PDF European Commission Directorate General for Energy amp TransportExternal links edit nbsp Look up wagonload in Wiktionary the free dictionary Portal nbsp Trains Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Wagonload freight amp oldid 1182051543, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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