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Vojtěch Hynais

January 01, 1970

Vojtěch Adalbert Hynais (also Albert; 14 January 1854, Vienna – 22 August 1925, Prague) was a Czech painter, designer and graphics artist. He designed the curtain of the Prague National Theatre, decorated a number of buildings in Prague and Vienna, and was a founding member of the Vienna Secession. He was made an Officer of the Légion d'honneur in 1924.

1881 portrait by Jan Vilímek.

Life edit

Hynais's father was a Czech tailor who had moved to Vienna, and did not want his children to receive a German education, so Hynais was taught at home. He began studying at the Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna in 1870, under Carl Wurzinger and August Eisenmenger, then at Anselm Feuerbach's school in spring 1873; he was considered to be one of his most promising students.[1] He visited Italy and saw Rome in 1874 with Janez Šubic and again 1877 with Feuerbach.

Hynais lived in Paris from 1878 to 1893,[2] where he learnt from Paul-Jacques-Aimé Baudry and Jean-Léon Gérôme, and knew Alfons Mucha.[3] In 1885, he received an honorable mention from the 1885 Universal Exhibition of Fine Arts,[4] and a first-class medal at the 1889 World's Fair.[5] He married his wife, Augusta Voirinová, in Paris, with whom he had two children.

 
The curtain of the Prague National Theatre, painted by Hynais in 1883.

During the 1870s, art was being produced to decorate the under-construction Prague National Theatre. Hynais was not considered to be suitably representative of the national spirit by Czech art critics because he lived in, and had absorbed too much influence from, Vienna. Still, he created nationalist images for the Royal Lounge, including allegorical, historico-mythic scenes and landscapes of Bohemia.[6]

On 12 August 1881, one month before the National Theatre's scheduled opening, a fire completely destroyed the building. Hynais designed the new curtain; again, he used historical allegory to create a nationalist impression, and also to tell the story of the National Theatre. Slavia, the national embodiment, is shown receiving gifts from the nation; workers rebuild the theatre, while artists decorate it; national flags and symbols are shown all around.[7] Hynais had made the first sketches for the curtain while living in Montmartre; the winged figure is modelled on Suzanne Valadon.[8] Hynais's work for the National Theatre is what he is mostly remembered for; he was part of the "Generation of the National Theatre" together with Mikoláš Aleš, Václav Brožík, Julius Mařák and František Ženíšek, among others.[9] The work's style was likened to his teacher Feurbach's.[10]

 
Winter (c. 1890).

Hynais created the first poster for the General Land Centennial Exhibition of 1891,[3] using distinctively Czech symbols prominently in the design;[11] the poster would earn him recognition.[12] Tomáš Masaryk, the President of Czechoslovakia, sat for him ninety-four times.[13] In 1894, his work won a medal, first class, at the Antwerp World's Fair.[14]

Hynais worked for the Sèvres porcelain firm between 1889 and 1892 as a graphics artist, and became a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts, Prague in 1894.

While living in Prague, Hynais was a founding member of the Vienna Secession.[15] Emil Orlik and Maximilian Pirner were other important Secessionists in the city.[16]

In 1900, together with two of his students, Hynais painted the ceiling of the Pantheon in the Royal State Museum, Prague; Hynais's parts in particular were described as being "the best of what was created in the whole vast building and perhaps in all of Prague".[17]

In 1923, he was made an Officer of the Légion d'honneur, and in 1924 was granted an honorary professorship at the Prague Academy.

Work edit

 
The Judgment of Paris (1892), which features a nude, red-haired Venus as a harbinger of both vitality and danger.[18]

During his Italian period, he painted mainly religious and mythological images, including for the Czech Hospice in Rome. From Paris, he brought the Czech Art Nouveau artists into contact with foreign influences; he, himself, was a Symbolist influence,[2] and also a point of contact with proto-Impressionism.[19] Hynais was part of a broader axis of connection between Paris and Prague at the turn of the century: other Czech artists living in the city in the period included Alfons Mucha, František Kupka and Luděk Marold, among others.[8]

Hynais was interested in integrating the human and the natural, and particularly female nudes.[2] He was described as "a delicate poet depicting the beauty of the female body."[20] Hynais also bound together religious and aesthetic considerations.[21] He did, however, maintain some distance between his decorative-poetic work and his political-nationalist work.[22]

References edit

 
Poster for the 1895 Czech-Slav ethnographic exhibition, Paris [cs] published as Poster 56 in Les Maîtres de l'Affiche
  1. ^ Carl von Lützow (1889). "Die Kunst in Wien under der Regierung seiner kaiserlich und königlich apostolischen Majestät Franz Joseph I". Die Graphischen Künste. 1: 18.
  2. ^ a b c Jeremy Howard (1996). Art Nouveau: International and National Styles in Europe. Manchester University Press. p. 83. ISBN 9780719041617.
  3. ^ a b Derek Sayer (2000). The Coasts of Bohemia: A Czech History. Princeton University Press. p. 148. ISBN 9780691050522.
  4. ^ "Exposition des Beaux-Arts". Journal des Beaux-arts et de la Littérature (16): 123. 1885.
  5. ^ "Exposition Universelle". La Chronique des Arts et de la Curiosité (25): 196. 1889.
  6. ^ Alofsin 2006, p. 38.
  7. ^ Alofsin 2006, pp. 40–42.
  8. ^ a b Sayer 2014, p. 22-23.
  9. ^ Derek Sayer (2013). Prague, Capital of the Twentieth Century: A Surrealist History. Princeton University Press. p. 75. ISBN 9780691043807.
  10. ^ "Zur Wiener Dekorationsmalerei". Kunstgewerbeblatt. 12: 183. 1896.
  11. ^ Hugh LeCaine Agnew (2007). "The Flyspecks on Palivec's Portrait: Franz Joseph, the Symbols of Monarchy, and Czech Popular Loyalty". In Laurence Cole; Daniel L Unowsky (eds.). The Limits of Loyalty: Imperial Symbolism, Popular Allegiances, and State Patriotism in the Late Habsburg Monarchy. p. 99. ISBN 9781845452025.
  12. ^ "Mucha als Illustrator". Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Vervielfältigende Kunst. 8: 33. 1897.
  13. ^ Andrea Orzoff (2009). Battle for the Castle: The Myth of Czechoslovakia in Europe, 1914-1948. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199745685.
  14. ^ "Sammlungen und Ausstellungen". Kunstchronik: Wochenschrift für Kunst und Kunstgewerbe. 32: 524. 1894.
  15. ^ "Ordentliche Mitglieder" [Ordinary Members]. Ver Sacrum. 1: 28. 1898.
  16. ^ Alois Woldman (2006). "Życie". In Stefan Simonek (ed.). Die Wiener Moderne in slawischen Periodika der Jahrhundertwende. p. 138. ISBN 9783039108183.
  17. ^ "Von Ausstellungen und Sammlungen". Die Kunst für Alle: Malerei, Plastik, Graphik, Architektur. 12: 282–283. 1900.
  18. ^ Ilona Sármány-Parsons (2001). "The Image of Women in Painting". In Steven Beller (ed.). Rethinking Vienna 1900. p. 240.
  19. ^ Karel Teige (2000). Modern Architecture in Czechoslovakia and Other Writings. Getty Publications. p. 73. ISBN 9780892365968.
  20. ^ Czechoslovakia. University of California Press. 1949. p. 335.
  21. ^ Sylke Kirschnick (2007). Tausend und ein Zeichen: Else Lasker-Schülers Orient und die Berliner Alltags- und Populärkultur um 1900. p. 201. ISBN 9783826032073.
  22. ^ Michaela Marek (2004). Kunst und Identitätspolitik: Architektur und Bildkünste im Prozess der tschechischen Nationsbildung. p. 276. ISBN 9783412142025.
  • Alofsin, Anthony (2006). When Buildings Speak: Architecture as Language in the Habsburg Empire and Its Aftermath, 1867-1933. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226015071.
  • Otto Brandes (1891). "Albert Hynais". Die Kunst für Alle: Malerei, Plastik, Graphik, Architektur. 8: 113–120.
  • F Žákavec (March 1926). "Two Losses to Czech Art. Jan Štursa and Voytech Hynais". The Slavonic Review. 4 (12): 695–703. JSTOR 4202008.
  • Marie Mžyková (1990). Vojtěch Hynais. Prague. ISBN 978-8020700070.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • "Hynais, Voytěch (Adalbert)". Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950. Vol. 3. 1965. pp. 22–23.
  • Sayer, Derek (2014). "Modernism, Seen from Prague, March 1937". Artl@s Bulletin. 3 (1).

External links edit

  •   Media related to Vojtěch Hynais at Wikimedia Commons
  •   Works by or about Vojtěch Hynais at Wikisource

January 01, 1970
vojtěch, hynais, vojtěch, adalbert, hynais, also, albert, january, 1854, vienna, august, 1925, prague, czech, painter, designer, graphics, artist, designed, curtain, prague, national, theatre, decorated, number, buildings, prague, vienna, founding, member, vie. Vojtech Adalbert Hynais also Albert 14 January 1854 Vienna 22 August 1925 Prague was a Czech painter designer and graphics artist He designed the curtain of the Prague National Theatre decorated a number of buildings in Prague and Vienna and was a founding member of the Vienna Secession He was made an Officer of the Legion d honneur in 1924 1881 portrait by Jan Vilimek Contents 1 Life 2 Work 3 References 4 External linksLife editHynais s father was a Czech tailor who had moved to Vienna and did not want his children to receive a German education so Hynais was taught at home He began studying at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna in 1870 under Carl Wurzinger and August Eisenmenger then at Anselm Feuerbach s school in spring 1873 he was considered to be one of his most promising students 1 He visited Italy and saw Rome in 1874 with Janez Subic and again 1877 with Feuerbach Hynais lived in Paris from 1878 to 1893 2 where he learnt from Paul Jacques Aime Baudry and Jean Leon Gerome and knew Alfons Mucha 3 In 1885 he received an honorable mention from the 1885 Universal Exhibition of Fine Arts 4 and a first class medal at the 1889 World s Fair 5 He married his wife Augusta Voirinova in Paris with whom he had two children nbsp The curtain of the Prague National Theatre painted by Hynais in 1883 During the 1870s art was being produced to decorate the under construction Prague National Theatre Hynais was not considered to be suitably representative of the national spirit by Czech art critics because he lived in and had absorbed too much influence from Vienna Still he created nationalist images for the Royal Lounge including allegorical historico mythic scenes and landscapes of Bohemia 6 On 12 August 1881 one month before the National Theatre s scheduled opening a fire completely destroyed the building Hynais designed the new curtain again he used historical allegory to create a nationalist impression and also to tell the story of the National Theatre Slavia the national embodiment is shown receiving gifts from the nation workers rebuild the theatre while artists decorate it national flags and symbols are shown all around 7 Hynais had made the first sketches for the curtain while living in Montmartre the winged figure is modelled on Suzanne Valadon 8 Hynais s work for the National Theatre is what he is mostly remembered for he was part of the Generation of the National Theatre together with Mikolas Ales Vaclav Brozik Julius Marak and Frantisek Zenisek among others 9 The work s style was likened to his teacher Feurbach s 10 nbsp Winter c 1890 Hynais created the first poster for the General Land Centennial Exhibition of 1891 3 using distinctively Czech symbols prominently in the design 11 the poster would earn him recognition 12 Tomas Masaryk the President of Czechoslovakia sat for him ninety four times 13 In 1894 his work won a medal first class at the Antwerp World s Fair 14 Hynais worked for the Sevres porcelain firm between 1889 and 1892 as a graphics artist and became a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts Prague in 1894 While living in Prague Hynais was a founding member of the Vienna Secession 15 Emil Orlik and Maximilian Pirner were other important Secessionists in the city 16 In 1900 together with two of his students Hynais painted the ceiling of the Pantheon in the Royal State Museum Prague Hynais s parts in particular were described as being the best of what was created in the whole vast building and perhaps in all of Prague 17 In 1923 he was made an Officer of the Legion d honneur and in 1924 was granted an honorary professorship at the Prague Academy Work edit nbsp The Judgment of Paris 1892 which features a nude red haired Venus as a harbinger of both vitality and danger 18 During his Italian period he painted mainly religious and mythological images including for the Czech Hospice in Rome From Paris he brought the Czech Art Nouveau artists into contact with foreign influences he himself was a Symbolist influence 2 and also a point of contact with proto Impressionism 19 Hynais was part of a broader axis of connection between Paris and Prague at the turn of the century other Czech artists living in the city in the period included Alfons Mucha Frantisek Kupka and Ludek Marold among others 8 Hynais was interested in integrating the human and the natural and particularly female nudes 2 He was described as a delicate poet depicting the beauty of the female body 20 Hynais also bound together religious and aesthetic considerations 21 He did however maintain some distance between his decorative poetic work and his political nationalist work 22 References edit nbsp Poster for the 1895 Czech Slav ethnographic exhibition Paris cs published as Poster 56 in Les Maitres de l Affiche Carl von Lutzow 1889 Die Kunst in Wien under der Regierung seiner kaiserlich und koniglich apostolischen Majestat Franz Joseph I Die Graphischen Kunste 1 18 a b c Jeremy Howard 1996 Art Nouveau International and National Styles in Europe Manchester University Press p 83 ISBN 9780719041617 a b Derek Sayer 2000 The Coasts of Bohemia A Czech History Princeton University Press p 148 ISBN 9780691050522 Exposition des Beaux Arts Journal des Beaux arts et de la Litterature 16 123 1885 Exposition Universelle La Chronique des Arts et de la Curiosite 25 196 1889 Alofsin 2006 p 38 Alofsin 2006 pp 40 42 a b Sayer 2014 p 22 23 Derek Sayer 2013 Prague Capital of the Twentieth Century A Surrealist History Princeton University Press p 75 ISBN 9780691043807 Zur Wiener Dekorationsmalerei Kunstgewerbeblatt 12 183 1896 Hugh LeCaine Agnew 2007 The Flyspecks on Palivec s Portrait Franz Joseph the Symbols of Monarchy and Czech Popular Loyalty In Laurence Cole Daniel L Unowsky eds The Limits of Loyalty Imperial Symbolism Popular Allegiances and State Patriotism in the Late Habsburg Monarchy p 99 ISBN 9781845452025 Mucha als Illustrator Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft fur Vervielfaltigende Kunst 8 33 1897 Andrea Orzoff 2009 Battle for the Castle The Myth of Czechoslovakia in Europe 1914 1948 Oxford University Press ISBN 9780199745685 Sammlungen und Ausstellungen Kunstchronik Wochenschrift fur Kunst und Kunstgewerbe 32 524 1894 Ordentliche Mitglieder Ordinary Members Ver Sacrum 1 28 1898 Alois Woldman 2006 Zycie In Stefan Simonek ed Die Wiener Moderne in slawischen Periodika der Jahrhundertwende p 138 ISBN 9783039108183 Von Ausstellungen und Sammlungen Die Kunst fur Alle Malerei Plastik Graphik Architektur 12 282 283 1900 Ilona Sarmany Parsons 2001 The Image of Women in Painting In Steven Beller ed Rethinking Vienna 1900 p 240 Karel Teige 2000 Modern Architecture in Czechoslovakia and Other Writings Getty Publications p 73 ISBN 9780892365968 Czechoslovakia University of California Press 1949 p 335 Sylke Kirschnick 2007 Tausend und ein Zeichen Else Lasker Schulers Orient und die Berliner Alltags und Popularkultur um 1900 p 201 ISBN 9783826032073 Michaela Marek 2004 Kunst und Identitatspolitik Architektur und Bildkunste im Prozess der tschechischen Nationsbildung p 276 ISBN 9783412142025 Alofsin Anthony 2006 When Buildings Speak Architecture as Language in the Habsburg Empire and Its Aftermath 1867 1933 University of Chicago Press ISBN 9780226015071 Otto Brandes 1891 Albert Hynais Die Kunst fur Alle Malerei Plastik Graphik Architektur 8 113 120 F Zakavec March 1926 Two Losses to Czech Art Jan Stursa and Voytech Hynais The Slavonic Review 4 12 695 703 JSTOR 4202008 Marie Mzykova 1990 Vojtech Hynais Prague ISBN 978 8020700070 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Hynais Voytech Adalbert Osterreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815 1950 Vol 3 1965 pp 22 23 Sayer Derek 2014 Modernism Seen from Prague March 1937 Artl s Bulletin 3 1 External links edit nbsp Media related to Vojtech Hynais at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Works by or about Vojtech Hynais at Wikisource Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Vojtech Hynais amp oldid 1178254571, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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